Chapter 14 Management – Flashcards
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____is the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals.
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leadership
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Which of the following is a major concern of managers (as opposed to leaders)?
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maintaining the status quo
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One of the criticisms of the television industry is the networks' desire to maintain ratings by thinking in terms of next week's programming. The networks are also more concerned with how to get high program ratings quickly. This criticism assumes _________
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the television industry has a shortage of effective leadership
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Which of the following is a major concern of leaders (as opposed to managers)?
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inspiring and motivating others
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Ford Motor Company has always attracted and nurtured capable managers, but it has failed to do the same for leaders. Ford is embarking on a sweeping attempt to mass-manufacture leaders. It wants to build an army of "warrior-entrepreneurs." Ford's "warrior-entrepreneurs" will be expected to ____
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do all of these things
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Companies whose executives do not try to motivate employees to create long-term solutions to the problems facing the companies are most likely________
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are more than likely managers rather than leaders
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When Jack Welch, former Chairman of General Electric, a Fortune 5 company, assumed the role of CEO, he immediately began to make drastic changes in the company's structure and product lines. He envisioned a bloated, inefficient General Electric becoming an efficient, profitable organization over time. He inspired and motivated his employees to change. Jack Welch_____
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would be characterized as a leader
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Which of the following statements about leaders and managers is true?
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Organizations need both leaders and managers.
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Relatively stable characteristics such as abilities, psychological motives, or consistent patterns of behavior, form the basis for the_____ of leadership.
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trait theory
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According to an article from CIO Magazine, "Leadership grows from courage and integrity." From this opening statement, you know the article will discuss leadership from the ____
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trait theory viewpoint
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. The "great person" theory is another name for the______theory of leadership.
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Trait
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Which one of the following traits refers to high levels of effort and is characterized by achievement, motivation, ambition, energy, tenacity, and initiative?
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Drive
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Which of the following traits refers to the extent to which leaders are truthful with others?
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Honesty
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Oftentimes when an individual is running for a local political office, he or she makes lots of promises. When the individual wins the election and assumes office, he or she is often unable to carry through on political promises, an inability which leads to a perceived problem with _______
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Integrity
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Leaders who possess the trait of _________are more decisive and assertive and more likely to gain others' confidence.
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self-confidence
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Which of the following traits refers to the tendency of leaders to remain even-tempered and consistent in their outlook and the way they treat others even when things go wrong?
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emotional stability
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Successful business leaders are not like other people. Successful business leaders____
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are accurately described by all of these
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Research at three universities has confirmed that two basic leader behaviors,_____and _____, are central to successful leadership.
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initiating structure; consideration
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Which of the following is another term for considerate leadership behavior?
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employee-centered leadership
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Which of the following is another term for considerate leadership behavior?
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concern for people
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In terms of leadership behavior, the term ________refers to the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, supportive, and shows concern for employees.
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Consideration
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Walter Reed Army Institute of Research has made a study of how important it is for military leaders to be friendly with and to show concern for their troops. Its research shows that a leadership behavior high ____ positively in influences soldiers and their ability to adapt to stressful environments.
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Consideration
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Doris Cunningham, CEO of Members Choice Federal Credit Union in West Virginia, believes keeping staff excited about the business they're in is one of a leader's primary roles. She believes a spirit of enthusiasm must start at the top. This indicates that Cunningham is high in ____
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Consideration
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United Fruit Company is the owner of the Chiquita brand of bananas. United Fruit emphasized how the fruit was to be picked and packed for transportation and shows no concern for the workers. United Fruit can be considered using ______ type of managing.
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initiating structure
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College football coaching requires that coaches design every facet of practices, set goals for their players, determine schedules, and even direct all of the plays during the games. College football coaching uses_____ type of managing
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Initiating structure
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Recently, a newly appointed CEO of a major corporation began by firing the entire management committee. A few months later, this same executive, fired two of his hand-picked senior executives. From this information, it is obvious that this executive was more concerned about his employees' _____than their job satisfaction.
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job performance
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Hot Topic is a fastgrowing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. Hot Topic's CEO Betsy McLaughlin relies on her employees to locate new trends. McLaughlin almost daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. She relies on their input before making inventory decisions and treats her employees as equals. McLaughlin is demonstrating______
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consideration
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Which of the following is another term for initiating structure leadership behavior?
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concern for production
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A CEO who tours company plants to meet and talk to employees at all levels in order to better understand their concerns and feelings is demonstrating which type of leader behavior?
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consideration
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Research shows that while initiating structure impacts primarily on___, consideration impacts primarily on _____.
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job performance; job satisfaction
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Which of the following statements about the two basic leader behaviors that are central to successful leadership is true?
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These behaviors are referred to as initiating structure and consideration.
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Which of the following statements about the two basic leader behaviors that are central to successful leadership is true?
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These behaviors are independent, meaning that leaders can do both at the same time.
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Which of the following is the best leadership style for all situations?
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none of these
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Bill Belichick is the coach of the New England Patriots football team. As a successful coach, he has to schedule structured practices, emphasize careful planning, and assign tasks. He also has to show the players that he genuinely cares about them as people. According to the Blake and Mouton grid, Belichick's leadership style would be characterized as ________
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team management
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Which of the following is an example of a situational theory of leadership?
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Fiedler's contingency theory
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Which of the following leadership theories assumes that leadership styles are consistent and difficult to change?
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none of these
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W. L. Gore is the company that created Gore-Tex among many other innovative products. W.L.Gore employees (known as associates) don't have titles or bosses in the traditional sense. Instead, associates make commitments to work on projects that they believe are most worthy of their time. At W.L. Gore, few leaders are appointed; leaders simply emerge as needed by the other employees or the project itself. The Gore company more than likely adheres to the _____theory of leadership.
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Contingency
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In Fiedler's contingency theory, the term_________refers to the degree to which leaders are able to hire, fire, reward, and punish workers.
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position power
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In Fiedler's contingency theory, the term_____refers to the degree to which a particular situation either permits or denies a leader the chance to influence the behavior of group members.
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situational favorableness
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Recently, a newly appointed CEO of a major corporation began by firing the entire management committee. A few months later, this same executive, fired two of his hand-picked senior executives. From this information, it is obvious that this executive was more concerned about his employees'________ than their job satisfaction. In terms of Fiedler's contingency theory, this executive was most concerned with establishing _______
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situational favorableness
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Larry Tobin is now president of Fairwinds Credit Union in Florida. After Mr. Tobin assumed the presidency at Fairwinds, he made several personnel changes. Which of the following seems most important to Tobin?
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situational favorableness
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Larry Tobin is now president of Fairwinds Credit Union in Florida where he started as a part-time teller. He's learned to ignore one bit of advice he's frequently heard, "Work with what you have." Tobin doesn't buy that view. He subscribes to the philosophy that calls for "having the right people on the bus and the right people in the right seats on the bus." After Tobin assumed the helm at Fairwinds, he made several personnel changes. This ability to make these personnel changes defines Tobin's ______
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position power
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Some employees called former General Electric, CEO Jack Welch, "Bloody Jack" because his restructuring efforts eliminated numerous jobs and product lines without thought about how individual employees were impacted. Mr. Welch was viewed as "the hatchet man," and the source of the firings. Under Fiedler's contingency theory, someone acting like Mr. Welch would be viewed as having ______.
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strong position power
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Recently, a newly appointed CEO of a major corporation began by firing the entire management committee. A few months later, this same executive, fired two of his hand-picked senior executives. From this information, it is obvious that this executive was more concerned about his employees'______than their job satisfaction. In terms of situational favorableness, this executive demonstrated____.
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power position
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h of the following approaches to implementing Fiedler's contingency theory in the workplace has proven effective?
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accurately measuring and matching leaders to situations
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According to which of the following leadership model occurs when leaders make it clear how followers can achieve organizational goals, take care of problems that prevent followers from achieving goals, and then find more and varied rewards to motivate followers who achieve those goals, these leaders are demonstrating____________
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the path-goal theory
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four leadership styles identified in the path-goal theory of leadership?
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Charismatic
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According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what type of leadership is being practiced that involves letting employees know precisely what is expected of them, giving them specific guidelines for performing tasks, scheduling work, setting standards of performance, and making sure that people follow standard rules and regulations.
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directive leadership
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According to the path-goal theory of leadership, what leadership style involves being friendly and approachable to employees, showing concern for them and their welfare, treating them as equals, and creating a friendly climate.
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supportive leadership
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A directive leader, one who lets his employees know precisely what is expected of them, give them specific guidelines for performing tasks, schedules work, set standards of performance, and makes sure that people follow standard rules and regulations would most likely have__________
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told employees precisely what he expected them to do
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Mr. Jan Carlson, the former CEO of Scandinavian Airline Systems (SAS), believes the most important role for a leader is to instill confidence in people. According to the path-goal theory, this statement indicates that his leadership style would be________
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supportive
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According to the path-goal theory of leadership,______is very similar to considerate leader behavior.
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supportive leadership
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Recently, a newly appointed CEO of a major corporation began by firing the entire management committee. A few months later, this same executive, fired two of his hand-picked senior executives. From this information, it is obvious that this executive was more concerned about his employees' performances than their job satisfaction. From this information, what type of leadership style is being used?
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directive
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When Leon was hired to manage the distribution center, his supervisor advised him to "Do things that satisfy followers today or will lead to future rewards or satisfaction" and "Offer employees something unique and valuable beyond what they're experiencing or can already do for themselves". Leon's supervisor's advice was designed to help Leon become a successful leader. Which leadership theory does Leon's supervisor apparently believe to be most effective in making a good leader?
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the path-goal theory
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Under the leadership of Michael Eisner, The Walt Disney Company developed an "executive_centric, Eisner_centric culture"—whatever Eisner wanted to happen, he made happen. In terms of the path-goal theory, Eisner used a(n) _____leadership style to improve Disney's profitability.
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Directive
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According to the path-goal theory of leadership,_____involves consulting employees for their suggestions and input before making decisions.
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participative leadership
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In the path-goal theory of leadership, subordinate satisfaction and subordinate performance would be examples of______
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outcomes
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Which of the following is an example of an environmental contingency in path-goal theory?
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task structure
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The founder and CEO of a medical products distributor, establishes ambitious goals for his employees and is confident that they will be able to achieve these goals. In terms of the path-goal theory, this founder and CEO is exhibiting a(n)______type of leadership
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achievement-oriented
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During his tenure as the CEO of Credit Suisse First Boston (CSFB), John Mack turned the money-losing bank into a profitable firm by "goading workers to move out of their comfort zones" and setting challenging goals for them. His high expectation for his employees indicates that Mack used a(n) leadership style.
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achievement-oriented
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According to the path-goal theory, which of the following is an example of an environmental contingency?
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the formal authority system
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According to the path-goal theory of leadership, _____ means setting challenging goals, having high expectations of employees, and displaying confidence that employees will assume responsibility and put forth extraordinary effort.
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achievement-oriented leadership
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Hot Topic is a fastgrowing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. Hot Topic's CEO Betsy McLaughlin relies on her employees to locate new trends. McLaughlin almost daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. She relies on their input before making inventory decisions. McLaughlin uses the____style of management.
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Participative
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The normative decision theory .
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helps managers determine how much employee participation should be used in decision making
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To save a company from bankruptcy, its CEO told its employees that he would eliminate 53 percent of the company's mechanics and reduce the compensation of the remaining mechanics by 26 percent. In terms of the normative decision theory, Steenland _____.
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made autocratic decisions
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In many organizations, sales managers develop companywide sales forecasts by asking members of the sales force to decide how much growth they anticipate in their individual sales territories. Sales managers then take the input from the individual salespeople and create the companywide sales forecasts based on this information. In the normative decision model, this would be an example of a(n) decision-making style.
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Consultative
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Which of the following is an example of a rule used within normative decision theory to increase decision quality?
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the goal congruence rule
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Which of the following leadership theories uses a decision tree to determine the appropriate level of participation by subordinates in decision-making?
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VroomYettonJago's normative decision model
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______is the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, think strategically, and work with others to initiate change that will create a positive future for the organization.
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Strategic leadership
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In the trucking industry today, leaders are needed that will do more than simply manage or direct drivers, owner- operators, and the staff that supports them. These leaders need to inspire, coach, encourage, and guide. Today's leaders need to earn consensus by working as part of the team, providing resources to get the job done, then getting out of the way and letting their people perform. Today, these men and women need to be_____leaders.
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Strategic
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_________is leadership that creates a positive image of the future that motivates organizational members and provides direction for future planning and goal setting.
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Visionary leadership
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Malcolm Thompson was brought in as the CEO of Novalux, a company involved in laser research, to save the company's promise of innovation. It's what he loves: turning ideas into companies, then shaping those businesses to meet evolving challenges. "You're never done," he says. "It always looks like you're near the finish line, but there are always new opportunities along the road—and new obstacles you'd never thought of. That's part of the exploration—constantly looking at the next problem and the next solution." Apparently, Thompson is an example of a(n) ____.
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visionary leader
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The two types of visionary leadership are _____________
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charismatic leadership and transformational leadership
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The author of The Science of Good and Evil describes his meeting with the founders of Google in the book. He described them as visionary leaders, which means their primary goal for being in business is to .
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create a positive image of the future
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The two kinds of charismatic leaders are referred to as______
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ethical charismatics and unethical charismatics
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David Koresh was the leader of a religious sect called the Branch Davidians. In 1993 a stand-off between federal agents and the Branch Davidian's insider their compound resulted in the deaths of approximately 80, including their leader, David Koresh, who had declared himself the "new messiah". David Koresh used what type of leadership to create the strong relationships between him and his followers?
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charismatic leadership
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____________refers to the behavioral tendencies and personal characteristics of leaders that create an exceptionally strong relationship between them and their followers.
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Charismatic leadership
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Charismatic leaders generally ____.
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articulate a vision based on strongly held values
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People with Machiavellian personalities believe that virtually any type of behavior is acceptable if it helps satisfy needs or accomplish goals. Add that skill to someone with the ability to create strong bonds with followers and you have described a leader who is a(n)_______
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unethical charismatic leader
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__________leaders are ones who will control and manipulate followers, do what is best for themselves instead of his or her organization, only want to hear positive feedback, only share information that is beneficial to themselves, and have moral standards that put their interests before everyone else's.
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unethical charismatic
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Transformational leaders
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are accurately described by all of these
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UPS was founded UPS in 1907 as a message delivery business. The development of the telephone would have put an end to the business if UPS's founder had not been a _______type of leader. One who was able to get his employees to accomplish more than they had thought possible and re-invent the company as a company that delivered goods for retailers.
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transformational
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___________generates awareness and acceptance of a group's purpose and mission and gets employees to see beyond their own needs and self-interest for the good of the group.
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Transformational leadership
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Which of the following is NOT a component of transformational leadership?
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supportive influence
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Transactional leaders .
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reward followers for good behavior and punish followers for poor behavior
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As CEO of UPS, Michael Eskew transformed the company from a package delivery service to a logistics expert so it could serve as a traffic manager for corporate America. As a transformational manager, Eskew_______
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. used intellectual stimulation to encourage his employees to take innovative approaches to problem solving
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________is based on an exchange process, in which followers are rewarded for good performance and punished for
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Transactional leadership
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Transformational leaders that pay special attention to followers' individual needs by creating learning opportunities, accepting and tolerating individual differences, encouraging two-way communication, and practice being a good listener describes the component of transformational leadership known as__________?
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individualized consideration
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Which leadership style would be most likely to rely on positive and negative reinforcement?
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transactional leadership
