question

If a person wants a career focused on deleting, assessing, and treating abnormal patterns of functioning, that person should look into becoming a...

answer

Clinical Practititioner

question

The history, values, institutions, habits, skills, technology, and arts of a society make up that society's...

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Culture

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Which depressed person would be the LEAST likely to be diagnosed with a mental disorder, because of specific circumstances...

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Someone whose community was destroyed by a tornado

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George hears voices that others do not but is not distressed by them. This illustrates that:

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Distress does not have to be present for a person's behavior to be considered abnormal

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An individual has a 9-to-5 job. However, this person seldom gets up early enough to be at work on time and expresses great distress over this behavior. This individuals behavior would be considered abnormal b/c..

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Dysfunctional

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Which person would NOT be considered abnormal, despite the fact that the person's behavior is dysfunctional?

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Someone who goes on a hunger strike to protest social injustice

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A person who is suicidal and can see no reason for living BEST fits which definition of abnormality?

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Danger

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Research shows that danger to self or others is found in...

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Some cases of abnormal functioning

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According to Thomas Szasz's views, the deviations that some call mental illness are really...

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Problems in Living

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College students who drink so much that it interferes with their lives, health, and academic careers are often not diagnosed as engaging in abnormal behavior because...

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Drinking is considered to be a part of college culture

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Lady Gaga and other eccentrics are usually not considered to be experiencing a mental illness because..

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They freely choose and enjoy their behavior

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Studies show that eccentrics are more likely than those with mental disorders to say:

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I'm different and I like it

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One who sees abnormality as a problem in living usually refers to those seeking help with problems in living such as...

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Clients

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Which "new diagnosis" would someone experiencing overwhelming concern about the security of travel on planes and subways MOST likely receive?

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Terrorism Terror

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The use of exorcism in early societies suggests a belief that abnormal behavior was caused by...

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Evil Spirits

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A person being treated by a shaman would MOST likely be undergoing...

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An Exorcism

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Hippocrates' contribution to the development of understanding mental illness was the view that such conditions were the result of...

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Natural Causes

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Hippocrates attempted to treat mental disorders by...

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Correction underlying physical pathology

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The Ancient Greeks might find that a flash mob is MOST similar to...

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Mass Madness

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Which statement is NOT a reason that demonology dominated vies of abnormality in Europe in the Middle Ages?

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The culture rejected religious beliefs

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Tarantism and lycanthropy are examples of...

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Mass maddness

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Those MOST often in charge of treating abnormality in the Middle Ages in Europe were...

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Clergy

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Johann Weyer considered to be the founder of modern study of psychopathology, was a physician in the...

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1500s

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In the early asylums, treatment for mental illness began with the intention to provide...

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Harsh Treatment

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What is the distinction of Bethlehem Hospital, founded in London in 1547

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Popularly called "Bedlam", it came to represent deplorable conditions for patients

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The basis for moral treatment of asylum patients was the belief that...

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Mental illness should be treated humanely and with respect

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The American school teacher who lobbied state legislatures for laws to mandate humane treatment of people with mental disorders was..

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Dorothea Dix

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Which was NOT a factor in the decline in the use of moral treatment and the rise in the use of custodial care in mental hospitals at the end of the twentieth century?

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The total lack of success of moral treatment

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One factor that contributed to the decline of moral therapy was...

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It did not work for everyone

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The fact that some people in the advanced stages of AIDS experience neurological damage that results in the psychological abnormality supports what type of perspective about abnormal psychological functioning...

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Somatogenic

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The finding that syphilis causes general paresis is important because it supports the idea that

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Organic factors can cause mental illness

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Which of statement LEAST supports the somatogenic view of abnormal behavior?

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Hypnotism has helped people give up smoking

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Which item is NOT associated with hypnotism?

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The somatogenic perspective

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The somatogenic treatment for mental illness that seems to have been MOST successful was the use of..

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Various medications

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Fredrich Anton Mesmer became famous (or infamous) for his work with patient suffering from bodily problems with no physical basis. His patients' disorders are termed...

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Hysterical

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If a person's primary symptom were excessive worry, the psychotropic drug for that person would be an...

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Antianxiety Medication

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Bernheim and Liebault use hypnotic suggestion to induce hysterical disorders in "normal" people providing support for which perspective of abnormality...

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Psychogenic

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Acquiring insight about unconscious psychological processes is a feature of...

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Psychoanalysis

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Psychoanalysis, as Freud developed it, was a form of what we now would call...

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Outpatient Therapy

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Surveys have found that 43 percent of people today believe that mental illness is called by...

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Something people bring on themselves

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Which BEST reflects the impact of deinstitutionalization?

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Not so well; many people with severe disturbances are in jail or on the street

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Drugs designed to decrease extremely confused and distorted thinking are termed

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Antipsychotic

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Dave is confused and usually thinks that he is an ancient king. If his psychiatrist ordered medication, it would MOST likely be a(n)...

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Antipsychotic Drug

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The number of patients hospitalized in mental hospitals in the United States today is MOST similar to the number hospitalized in...

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1990

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In the United States today, one is MOST likely to find a severely ill mental patient..

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On the street or in jail

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Which statement is BEST reflects the current care for people with less severe disturbances...

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Private insurance companies are likely to cover outpatient treatment

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Researchers have shown that in a typical year in the United States, nearly 1 in ____ adults receive clinical treatment

answer

6

question

According to surveys , about what proportion of adults in the United States receive psychological therapy in a typical year...

answer

1 in 6

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A significant change in the type of care offered now compared to the time Freud was practicing that...

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People are more likely to receive treatment for "problems in living"

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Which pair of words BEST describes the current emphasis in mental health

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Prevention and positive psychology

question

Efforts to help people develop personally meaningful activities and healthy relationships are a part of...

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The clinical practice of positive psychology

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If a university had a program designed to help students achieve their full potential physically, educationally spiritually that program would have elements MOST similar to...

answer

Positive psychology programs

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A person receiving multicultural therapy could expect all of these effects EXCEPT

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A focus on healthy feelings and actions rather than on problems

question

What the #%*$!!! Is going on? The insurance company says I have to stop my anger management program now!" The client who says this is MOST likely voicing concern about a:

answer

Managed Care Problems

question

Which sequence is correct in terms of prominence of mental health treatments in the United States during the twentieth century and beyond?

answer

Psychoanalytic, Biological, Cognitive, Sociocultural

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After medical school, a psychiatrist recieves three to four years of training in the treatment of abnormal functioning; this training is called a(n)

answer

Residency

question

Which statement is true about the participation of women in the mental health professions?

answer

The profession with the highest percentage of women is counseing

question

A person who works in a mental hospital analyzing various treatment protocols to see how multicultural factor impact success rates is MOST likely a...

answer

Clinical Researcher

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Which statement is the MOST accurate conclusion about the current state of abnormal psychology in the United States?

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There is no single definition of abnormality, no one theoretical understanding of the causes of mental illness, and no single best treatment

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One who studies the history of the feild of abnormal psychology MOST likely would compare our current understanding of abnormal behavior to a book that...

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Is in the process of being written

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A general understanding of the underlying nature, causes, and treatments of abnormal behavior is called...

answer

Nomothetic

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Clinical researchers are usually concerned with a(n) _______ understanding of abnormality, while practitioners focus on a(n) ______ understanding

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Nomothetic, Idiographic

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The clinical practitioner would be more likely than the clinical researcher to rely on which method of investigation?

answer

Case study with a single participant

question

A case study of a patient includes history, tests, and interviews with associates. A clear picture us constructed of this individual so her behavior is understood. This approach is...

answer

Idiographic

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Which is NOT considered a research method?

answer

A treatment plan for the inividual

question

The idea that children from single-parent families show more depression than those from two-parent families is a(n)

answer

Hypothesis

question

The controversy regarding research with animals centers on...

answer

The rights of animals versus their usefulness in understanding human problems

question

A psychologist does a study of an individual involving a history, tests, and interviews of associates. A clear picture is constructed of this individual so her behavior is better understood. This study is...

answer

Case Study

question

Case studies are useful for...

answer

Learning a great deal about a particular patient

question

Which is NOT a way that case studies are useful?

answer

Determining general laws of behavior

question

Internal validity reflects how well a study...

answer

Rules out the effects of all variables except those being studied

question

The ability to generalize results from a study of certain individuals to other individuals not studied is called...

answer

External Validity

question

A psychologist studies memory techniques in adult volunteers and learns how to facilitate memory and then applies the results to a new class of students in a psychology course. This demonstrates faith in...

answer

The external validity of the study

question

If a study's findings generalize beyond the immediate study to other persons and situations, then the study has

answer

External Validity

question

A researcher is considering whether to gather online data from Facebook users without informing the users that their data are being used. In terms of research ethics, which question is the MOST relevant?

answer

Are Facebook postings considered "public behavior"?

question

"The heavier you are, the more food you are likely to eat". If true, this statement expresses...

answer

A positive correlation

question

If you were to graph the relationship between the numbers of negative life events experienced in the last month and people's perception of stress, you would probably find a(n):

answer

Upward-Sloping line (to the right)

question

In correlational research, external validity is established when...

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The sample is representative of the larger population

question

Which correlation coefficient is of the highest magnitude?

answer

-.81

question

If the correlation between severity of depression and age is -0.5, it means that...

answer

There is no consistent relationship between age and severity of depression

question

A student says, "Quick! I have to take a test in two minutes. I need help remembering what kind of correlation coefficient shows a weak relationship between two variables". Which will help the student?

answer

A correlation coefficient close to zero

question

Which correlation is MOST likely to be statistically significant?

answer

-.80, based on a sample of 100 people

question

A researcher finds a strong positive correlation between ratings of life stress and symptoms of depression. Therefore, the researcher may be confident that..

answer

Life stress and depression are related

question

A correlational study of college employees shows a strong positive correlation between self-reported stress levels and days of work missed for illness, allowing the researcher to conclude that...

answer

The researcher can make a fairly accurate prediction of days a person will miss for illness if the persons stress level is known

question

The correlational method and the experimental method and the experimental method are similar in that...

answer

Both have external validity

question

Which results are MOST likely from an epidemiological study?

answer

The rate of suicide is higher in Ireland than in the US

question

The incidence of HIV+ results on campus tells you...

answer

The number of new HIV+ cases measured in a time period

question

Studies that determine the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a particular population are called...

answer

Epidemiological Studies

question

There were 10 new cases of schizophrenia in a small town in the Midwest this week. This observation refers to the ____ of schizophrenia in this small population.

answer

Incidence

question

The prevalence rate for a disorder will ___ the incidence rate.

answer

Always be the same of higher than

question

The finding that in the US. women have higher rates of anxiety and depression than men is MOST likely due to ____ research.

answer

Epidemiological

question

Imagine that a longitudinal study found that children raised by people with schizophrenia are more likely to commit crimes later. This result tells us that...

answer

Children of people with schizophrenia are at higher risk of criminal behavior

question

Which is an aspect of the experimental approach?

answer

The manipulation of a variable by the researcher

question

In a scientific experiment. the variable manipulated or controlled by the experimenter is called the...

answer

Independent Variable

question

A researcher randomly divides young women suffering from anorexia into two groups. Participants in Group A receive psychotherapy and drug treatments; Participants in Group B receive attention (but no therapy) and a "sugar pill". The researcher then compares participants in the two groups on relief of anorexia symptoms. One important criticism of the preceding research is that it is a...

answer

Placebo Effect

question

A study included 60 ppl suffering from an ordinary headache. Twenty received aspirin, 20 received a sugar pill that looked like aspirin, and 20 got nothing at all. In 65 percent of the aspirin group, the headache disappeared. In the other two groups the "cure" rates were 35 and 5 percent, respectively. Other than the drug condition, the participants were treated identically. This study:

answer

Is an experimental study

question

A researcher ed an experiment to study the causes of aggression in children. Half the children ate a sugared cereal; the remaining half ate cornflakes. The researcher then recorded the number of aggressive acts displayed by the children in a one-hour play period after breakfast. In this experiment:

answer

The type of cereal is the independent variable, and the number of aggressive responses is the dependent variable

question

Dr. Tim required half of a group of healthy volunteers to study a reading passage for 1 hour. The other half of the participants studied for 15 minutes. Dr. Tim then administered a test of participants' memory of details from the passage. What was the dependent variable?

answer

The results of the memory test

question

Students were given a sensation-seeking test and then divided into two groups, depending on their score. A researcher observed how many times students in each group got out of their seats 2 hours. The dependent variable is;

answer

Number of times getting out of one's seat

question

A research study on a group of children with autism will compare treatment delivered by parents at home to treatment delivered by teachers at school. If the study finds that the treatment delivered at school is more effective, which item is the BEST example of a confounding variable?

answer

Differences between the parents and teachers

question

On hundred psychiatric patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group received a new drug in pill form. The other group was given identical-looking placebo pills. A panel of psychiatrists, who did not know which pill each participant received, evaluated all participants for level of agitation. What could be a potential confound in this study?

answer

Having the drug group be inpatients and the placebo group be outpatients

question

#42 is too long.

answer

A

question

As a general rule, if the sample is large, the difference between the groups is large, and the range of score within a group is small, then...

answer

Control Group

question

One hundred psychiatric patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group received a new drug in pill form. The other group was given identical-looking placebo pills. A panel of psychiatrists, who did not know which pill each participant received, evaluated all participants for level of agitation. What is the control group?

answer

The ones who got the placebo

question

The BEST way to select a random sample of 10 students from a class would be to...

answer

Write each student's name on a piece of paper, put the papers in a pile, close eyes, and pick 10 papers

question

To accomplish random assignment, one could assign participants to groups by...

answer

Flipping a coin to determine group assignment

question

Russ wants to be a good participant. He knows that his professor is an environmentalist, so his answers on the survey reflect a pro-environment position. This an example of:

answer

Subject Bias

question

A researcher's expectations about a study can affect its outcome. The type of research design used specifically to address this problem is a(n):

answer

Blind design

question

The Rosenthal effect:

answer

Should be avoided by using a blind design

question

A therapist believes so strongly in her approach that she finds improvement even when non exists. Which design would prevent this problem?

answer

Double Blind

question

The function of the double blind design is to guard against

answer

Participant and experimenter expectancies

question

To study some differences, a researcher selected a group of 10 men and 10 women and treated all participants exactly the same. Each participant was given a test of psychological function. This study is an example of a(n)...

answer

Quasi-Experimental Study

question

Which would MOST appropriately be studied using a quasi-experimental design?

answer

The effects of parents with schizophrenia on children's adjustment

question

If researchers using matched control subjects find that abused children are sadder than non abused children, those researchers show that...

answer

Abuse is probably what is causing the difference in sadness between these two groups

question

Which would be LEAST appropriately studied using a natural experiment?

answer

The effects of premarital abstinence on later sexual funcitioning

question

"Why do we do natural experiments?" asks a student. "After all, each disaster that causes a natural experiment is unique." A good answer would be, "Using natural experiments, researchers have learned quite a lot about...

answer

Stress disorders

question

Which item is in an analogue study?

answer

Studying the effects of stress in nonhumans

question

To justify analogue experiments with animals, researchers must...

answer

Balance the suffering of the animals with the knowledge to be gained

question

Seligman's study in which he created learned helplessness in the lab is an example of a(n) ______ study

answer

Analogue

question

In single-subject experimental designs, the participant is observed and measured before the manipulation of an independent variable. This initial observation period is called the:

answer

Baseline Period

question

In an ABAB reversal design study, a researcher is measuring level of depression with and without the addition of an exercise program. What is the second "B" in the study?

answer

Exercise

question

A student says, "The problem with single-subject experiments is that there is no control group, so you don't know if the treatment is effective." The BEST reply is...

answer

"If you use a reversal design, then participants serves as their own controls"

question

Which statement is true about case studies and single-subject designs?

answer

Single-subject designs have more internal validity

question

The MOST accurate summary of what has happened in the United States in the last 50 year to protect the rights of human research participants would be that..

answer

There has been important progress, but concerns remain

question

Which statement is the MOST appropriate conclusion about new drug studies, placebo studies, symptom-exacerbation studies, and medication-withdrawal studies?

answer

The studies have led to calls for greater safe-gaurds for patiens

question

A recent study informed consent forms showed that...

answer

Many research participants don't understand them

question

Which statement is FALSE regarding the obstacles that clinical scientists face in studying psychological disorder?

answer

Humans have unusually stable (unchanging) moods and behavior

question

When more than one research method produces similar results, researchers...

answer

Can have more confidence in the results

question

Once a study in abnormal psychology finds significant results, researchers...

answer

Must ask a number of questions about the details of the study

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