Webmaster Mid-Term - Flashcards

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All Web pages containing PHP code must have an extension of .php. True False

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True

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The source code for PHP can be viewed in the client browser. True False

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False

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It is a good practice to name all Web files with a .php extension even if they contain no PHP code. True False

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False

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In PHP, you are limited to ten (10) code blocks in a single page. True False

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False

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Using the standard method of writing PHP blocks, the are used to begin and end a code block. True False

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True

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The primary purpose of a semicolon in PHP is to identify the end of a line. True False

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False

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In PHP, each statement must be placed on a separate line. True False

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False

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When using the element, a value of "php" must be assigned to the type attribute. True False

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False

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When using multiple arguments in a function, you must separate the arguments with a comma. True False

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True

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Both the echo and print statements return a value of 1 if successful and 0 if not successful. True False

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False

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A text string can be contained in either double or single quotation marks. True False

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True

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A line comment must be placed at the end of the line to which the comment refers. True False

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False

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$_ABC1 is a valid variable identifier. True False

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False

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In PHP, you can declare a variable without assigning a value to it. True False

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False

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When you pass a variable name to the echo statement, you must enclose the variable name in double quotation marks. True False

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False

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If you use a variable name in a text string enclosed by single quotation marks, the name of the variable will display. True False

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True

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Constant names, like variable names, must begin with a $. True False

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False

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Constant names are always case sensitive. True False

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False

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Data types that can be assigned only a single value are called primitive types. True False

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True

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When you assign a NULL value to a variable, you ensure that the variable does not contain any data. True False

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True

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Arrays and objects are examples of the primitive data type. True False

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False

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In PHP programming, you can only use TRUE or FALSE to indicate Boolean values. True False

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True

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Array names are often referred to with the array operators [ and ] at the end of the name to clearly define them as arrays. True False

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True

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The numbering of elements within an array starts with an index number of one (1). True False

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False

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The values assigned to different array elements of the same array can be of different data types. True False

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True

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A unary operator requires an operand before or after the operator. True False

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True

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The modulus operator returns the remainder left from the division of two integers. True False

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True

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A comparison operator returns a Boolean value of TRUE or FALSE after two operands have been compared. True False

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True

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Type casting, changes the data type of a variable from one data type to another. True False

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True

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You can use parentheses with expressions to change the associations in which individual operations in an expression are evaluated. True False

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True

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Functions are placed within parentheses that follow a parameter name. True False

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False

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A function must contain a parameter. True False

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False

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Function arguments are the statements that do the actual work of the function and must be contained within the function braces. True False

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False

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A function executes automatically. True False

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False

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Like variables, function names are case sensitive. True False

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False

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A return statement is a statement that returns a value to the statement that called the function. True False

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True

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A function must return a value. True False

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False

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Variable scope refers to the location that a declared variable can be used. True False

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True

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If you attempt to use a local variable outside the function in which it is declared, you receive an error message. True False

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True

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The formal parameters within the parentheses of a function declaration are global variables. True False

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False

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Global variables are automatically available to all parts of your program, including functions. True False

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False

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In PHP, you must declare a global variable with the global keyword inside a function definition for the variable to be available within the scope of that function. True False

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True

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Using parentheses to enclose the conditional expression of an if statement is optional. True False

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False

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If a command block is missing either the opening or closing brace, an error occurs. True False

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True

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The else clause can only be used with an if statement. True False

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True

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When one decision-making statement is contained within another decision-making statement, they are referred to as multiple decision-making structures. True False

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False

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The switch statement controls program flow by executing a specific set of statements, depending on the value of an expression. True False

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True

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The default label contains statements that execute when the value returned by the switch statement expression does not match any case label. True False

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True

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To ensure that the while statement will eventually end, you must include code within the body of the while statement that changes the value of the conditional expression. True False

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True

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You can use the terminate statement to halt a looping statement and restart the loop with a new iteration. True False

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False

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The do...while statement executes a statement or statements once, then repeats the execution as long as a given conditional expression evaluates to TRUE. True False

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True

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The statements in a do...while statement always execute repeatedly before the conditional expression evaluates the count variable. True False

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False

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The for statement performs essentially the same function as the while statement. True False

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True

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One of the primary differences between the while statement and the for statement is that in addition to a conditional expression, the for statement can also include code that initializes a counter and changes its value with each iteration. True False

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True

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You will not receive an error if you attempt to use a foreach statement with any variable types other than arrays. True False

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False

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The primary use of the include and require statements is to reuse content on multiple web pages by allowing you to insert the content of an external file, called an include file, in your PHP scripts. True False

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True

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The include statement and the require statement perform the same function and can be used interchangeably. True False

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False

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Include statements support only absolute path notation. True False

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False

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When you use a variable in a PHP program, you must be aware of the variable's ____. placement scope function statement

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scope

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The concatenation operator (.) combines several string variables and literal strings and assigns the new value to another variable. True False

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True

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The concatenation assignment operator (.=) combines two text strings. True False

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True

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An escape character tells the compiler or interpreter to exit the program at the escape character. True False

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False

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Placing a backslash in front of an apostrophe tells the PHP scripting engine that the apostrophe is to be treated as a regular keyboard character. True False

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True

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The escape character combined with one or more other characters is called an escape sequence. True False

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True

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The escape sequence inserts a comment. True False

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False

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The escape sequence to insert a carriage return is r. True False

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True

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To insert a horizontal tab, use the escape sequence t. True False

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True

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The function substr_count() returns the total number of characters in a string. True False

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False

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The str_word_count() function returns the number of digits in a string. True False

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False

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The term parsing refers to the act of dividing a string into logical component substrings or tokens. True False

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True

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The strpos() function performs a case-sensitive search for specified characters in a string and returns the position of the first occurrence of a substring within a string. True False

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True

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The strchr() function or strrchr() function return a substring from the specified characters to the end of the string. True False

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True

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The strtok() function breaks a program into functions. True False

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False

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The syntax for the strtok() function is $variable=strtok(string, separators) True False

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True

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The explode() function splits a string into an indexed array at a specified separator. True False

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True

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The opposite of the explode() function is the implode() function. True False

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False

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ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Internet Information. True False

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False

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The strcasecmp() function and the strcmp() function respectively perform a case-insensitive and case-sensitive comparison of strings. True False

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True

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The levenshtein() function returns the number of characters you need to change for two strings to be the same. True False

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True

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The sound ex() function returns a value representing a name's phonetic equivalent. True False

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True

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A megaphone is an algorithm that returns a code for indexing words by their sound, when pronounced in English True False

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False

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Regular expressions are patterns that are used for matching and manipulating strings according to specified rules. True False

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True

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PHP support Perl Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE). True False

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True

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Regular expression patterns are enclosed in opening and closing delimiters. True False

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True

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The metacharacter (.) matches any single character. True False

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True

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The metacharacter (^) anchors characters to the end of a string. True False

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False

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An anchor specifies that a pattern must appear at that position in the string. True False

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True

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Metacharacters that specify the quantity of a match qualifiers. True False

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False

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The concatenation operator in PHP is a ____. plus sign (+) period (.) minus sign (-) mark (?)

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period (.)

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The escape character sequence ____ inserts a new line. 133 options: l CR n nl

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n

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The main content and capabilities of a Web site should be available for users of the least-featured browsers employed by a significant share of your users. True False

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True

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Sometimes the creators of browser rendering engines include support for CSS properties whose functions and syntax haven't yet reached consensus in the W3C development process. True False

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True

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Only in older browsers can you precede a pseudo-element with two colons ( :: ) to differentiate it visually from a pseudo-class. True False

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False

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Style rules based on the :before or :after pseudo-elements don't need to specify an optional value for the content property. True False

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False

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CSS3 made both rgb and hsl more flexible by adding an omega channel the resulting systems are known as rgbo and hslo. True False

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False

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You can specify two values for any border-radius property to create more oblong corners. True False

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True

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Traditionally, text shadows have been brought to Web pages by creating the effects in image manipulation software and then linking to a graphic showing the text in the HTML code. True False

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True

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Few browsers add a shadow to nav bar text when the mouse pointer is over it. True False

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False

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Browser sniffing has an important drawback browsers may not always identify themselves accurately. True False

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True

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Rather than making advanced features crucial to the layout of a Web site, you should add additional features as enhancements only for browsers that can render them, a practice known as degraded enhancement. True False

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False

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Some tools package many shims together into a(n) library of scripts. True False

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True

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Like a pseudo-class, a pseudo-element is preceded by a(n) question mark. True False

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False

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Setting the line width for a drop cap is commonly necessary to integrate the letter optimally with the remaining paragraph text. True False

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False

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CSS enables you to specify the color numerically for a Web page element using the hexadecimal, rgb (red gray blue), and hsl systems. True False

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False

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An effect used in some print layouts is a(n) text shadow, which creates the appearance of a shadow on a surface behind each letter. True False

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True

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When working with the box-shadow property, decreasing the horizontal and vertical offsets moves the shadow farther away from the primary box/figure. True False

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False

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Once Modernizr is linked to a Web page, it tests each user's browser to detect which properties are supported. True False

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True

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Some styles can neatly fall back to other CSS properties, such as a(n) hsl color value substituting when an rgba value isn't recognized. True False

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False

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Feature detection is more reliable than browser sniffing and also provides a more detailed picture of the capabilities of a user's browser. True False

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True

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A useful tool is a script written specifically to bridge the gap between browsers with reduced feature sets and more fully featured browsers. Many of these scripts, known as ____, are available for use by anyone free of charge. shims patches Either A or B. Neither A nor B.

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Either A or B.

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____ are lines you place in your code that do not get executed but provide helpful information such as the name of the script, your name and the date your created the program. Pointers Instructions Comments

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Comments

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____ a variable is the processing of assigning a first value to a variable. Initializing Declaring Finalizing

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Initializing

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The ____ function is used to create a constant. create() define() describe()

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define()

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The ____ type is the specific category of information that a variable contains. variable data content

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data

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Data types that can be assigned only a single value are called ____ types. individual mono primitive

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primitive

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In a ____ programming language the data type for a variable will not change after it has been declared. loosely typed strongly typed constantly typed

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strongly typed

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____ are positive and negative numbers and 0 with no decimal places. Integers Numbers Digits

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Integers

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A(n) ____ is a literal value or variable that can be evaluated by the PHP scripting engine to produce a result. expression condition clause

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expression

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____ are symbols such as the (+) symbol that are used in expressions to manipulate operands. Literals Operators Expressions

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Operators

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A(n) ____ operator requires a single operand either before or after the operator. unary single binary

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unary

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A variable's scope can be either global or ____. local undeclared universal declared

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local

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What will be returned if you use a local variable outside the function in which it is declared? value error message function nothing

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error message

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The parameters within the parentheses of a function declaration are what kind of variables? local global unknown declared

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local

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With many programming languages global variables are automatically available to all parts of your program, including ____. statements definitions functions declarations

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functions

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When you declare a global variable with the global keyword you do not need to assign the variable a(n) ____. value definition function name

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value

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A command block is a group of statements within a set of opening and closing ____. brackets braces parentheses quotation marks

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braces

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When one decision-making statement is contained within another decision-making statement it is referred to as a ____ decision-making structure. enclosed contained nested layered

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nested

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Which of the following terms is not associated with the switch statement? switch title case label executable statements break keyword

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switch title

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A(n) ____ statement is a control structure that repeatedly executes a statement or series of statements while a specific condition is TRUE or until a specific condition becomes TRUE. repeat replicate loop circular

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loop

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A ____ is a variable that increments or decrements with each iteration of a loop statement counter incrementer/decrementer iterator repetitor

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counter

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If you do not include code that changes the value used the by the condition expression your program will be caught in a ____ loop. continuous continuing constant infinite

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infinite

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A ____ statement is used to iterate or loop through the elements in an array. for while foreach if...else

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foreach

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The ____ statement halts the processing of the web page and displays an error if an include file cannot be found. include insert Insert-contents Require

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require

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The ____ file is typically d with a prefix of inc_. insert include nested increment

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include

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All text strings must begin and end with double quotation marks. True False

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False

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In PHP, the escape character is the ____. pipe (|) period (.) semicolon() backslash()

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backslash()

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The escape sequence inserts a(n) ____. comment web ink backslash directory

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backslash

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The escape sequence to insert a carriage return is ____. r cr t

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r

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The strlen() function returns the total ____ in a string. number of numerals number of characters number of occurrences number of words

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number of characters

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The most commonly used string counting function is the ____ function, which returns the total number of characters in a string. str_count() strlen() strpos() total()

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strlen()

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The ____ function converts all of the letters in a string to capital letters. strtoupper() stringtoupper() strtolower() stringtolower()

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strtoupper()

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The ____ function converts any occurrence of (&), ("), ('), () to their equivalent HTML character entity. converttohtml() specialhtml() htmlspecialchars() convertchars()

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htmlspecialchars()

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The ____ function uses a strong encryption algorithm called Message-Digest Algorithm to create a one-way hash of an entered string. strhash() str-ireplace() mda() md5()

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md5()

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The ____ function will remove both leading and trailing spaces from a string. ltrim() rtrm() trim() strtrim()

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trim()

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The ____ function randomly scrambles the order of characters in a string. str_scramble() str_shuffle() str_jumble() str_random()

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str_shuffle()

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The ____ function splits a string into an indexed array. repair() implode() explode() strtok()

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explode()

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The strcmp() function performs a ____ comparison of two strings. case-insensitive standard case-sensitive sub-standard

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case-sensitive

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____ are special characters that define the pattern matching rules in a regular expression. Specialchars Patterncharacters Expressionchars Metacharacters

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Metacharacters

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In a regular expression, a(n) ____ specifies that the pattern must appear at that position in the string. pointer anchor position spotter

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anchor

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The metacharacter, ____, specifies an anchor at the end of the line. () (;) (^) ($)

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($)

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The ____ quantifier specifies that zero or more of the preceding characters can match. (;) (*) (#) (?)

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(*)

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____ quantifiers allow you to more precisely specify the number of times a character must repeat sequentially. Curly brace Curly bracket Parentheses Double quotation marks

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Curly brace

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The characters contained in a set of parentheses within a regular expression are referred as a ____. subpattern basepattern nested pattern base expression

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subpattern

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The ____ metacharacter is used to specify a range of values in a character class. (-) (+) (@) (')

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(-)

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The ____ metacharacter is used to allow a string to contain an alternate set of substrings. (!) (|) () (/)

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(|)

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Recent versions of CSS have decreased the aspects of Web pages that CSS can style. True False

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False

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Beginning in version 2 of the language, CSS has included ____, which are selectors that enable you to isolate a piece of a larger element for styling. alpha-elements alpha-properties pseudo-elements pseudo-properties

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pseudo-elements

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In the code [if lt IE 7], lt stands for ____. greater than equal to less than not

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less than

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When using a drop cap, you use the ____ property to make the text that follows the enlarged letter flow around it. shadow value flow float

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float

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A structure in which variables are placed within curly braces inside of a string is called a ____. complex string syntax simple string syntax function method

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complex string syntax

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Unlike the other pseudo-elements, which simply select parts of existing Web page elements, the ____ pseudo-elements enable you to insert content into Web pages using style rules. :before :after Both A and B. Neither A nor B.

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Both A and B.

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You can use the :before and :after pseudo-elements ____. to add repeating text to all elements of a given class to specify beginning indicators for each page in a Web site to specify ending indicators for each page in a Web site All of the above.

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All of the above

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Style rules based on the :before or :after pseudo-elements must specify a value for the ____ property, which can be either text or the path and name for an image file. content hold file value

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content

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Which of the following is NOT a system that CSS enables you to specify the color numerically for a Web page element? hexadecimal rgb hsl primary color

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primary color

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CSS3 made both rgb and hsl more flexible by adding a(n) ____ channel. alpha omega vertical horizontal

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alpha

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When using rgba and hsla, the earlier triplet of values becomes a set of four, with the final value representing the level of opacity as a decimal value from 0 (fully transparent) to ____ (totally opaque). 1 3 5 10

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1

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Older browsers do not support the ____ property, so adding an rgb triplet is a useful tool for graceful degradation for these properties as well. hsl hsla Both A and B. Neither A nor B.

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Both A and B.

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You can specify two values for any border-radius property to create more oblong corners the first value is the ____. horizontal radius vertical radius blur shadow color

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horizontal radius

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You can specify two values for any border-radius property to create more oblong corners the second value is the ____. horizontal radius vertical radius blur shadow color

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vertical radius

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The border-radius property sets values for ____. one corner of an element at a time two corners of an element at a time three corners of an element at a time all four corners of an element at once

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all four corners of an element at once

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You can use the border-radius property as a shorthand property, specifying ____ values to set different border radii for different corners with a single name-value pair. 2 3 4 Any of the above.

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Any of the above.

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The CSS3 text-shadow property takes four values that includes horizontal ____. offset blur color opacity

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offset

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The CSS3 text-shadow property takes four values that includes vertical ____. offset blur color opacity

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offset

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The CSS3 text-shadow property takes four values that includes shadow ____. offset blur color opacity

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color

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The value for the text-shadow property ____ controls the width and lightness of shadow. offset blur shadow opacity

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blur

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The value for the text-shadow property ____ controls the color of the shadow behind text. offset blur color opacity

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color

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____ has -webkit and -moz variants. Text-shadow Box-shadow Both A and B. Neither A nor B.

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Box-shadow

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____ is a free script library created by Faruk Ates and Paul Irish. Once it is linked to a Web page, it tests each user's browser to detect which properties are supported. CSS3 Bing W3C Modernizer

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Modernizer

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For each feature for which Modernizer finds support in a user's browser, it adds a class value to the ____ element. http html javascript ftp

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html

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Instead of using browser sniffing, Modernizer runs a series of tests and uses the results to decide which features a user's browser supports, a process known as ____ detection. class CSS feature browser

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feature

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Referring to the figure above, the first entry of "5px" refers to the text-shadow property of ____. horizontal offset vertical offset blur color

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horizontal offset

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Referring to the figure above, the second entry of "5px" refers to the text-shadow property of ____. horizontal offset vertical offset blur color

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vertical offset

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Referring to the figure above, the following entries are optional: ____. 3px #333 Both A and B. Neither A nor B.

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Both A and B

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Referring to the figure above, the last entry "#333" indicates the color of the ____. text shadow behind the text opacity All of the above.

answer

shadow behind the text

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Referring to the figure above, the class that was added to apply results of Modernizr scripts to the Web page is ____. "no-js" "utf-8" "text/css" "scripts/modernizr-1.6.min.js"

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"no-js"

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Referring to the figure above, the ____ value has been applied to the figcaption element "The Sun Room." rgb rgba Both A and B. Neither A nor B.

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rgba

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Referring to the figure above, the correct alpha value to set the background value of the figcaption element to 60% opaque, is ____. .006 .06 0.6 60

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0.6

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Referring to the figure above, the box-shadow property is similar to the text-shadow property except that it ____. offers -webkit and -moz variants does not use the blur value does not use the color value does not use the horizontal offset value

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offers -webkit and -moz variants

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Referring to the figure above, the ____ offsets are 2px. vertical horizontal Both A and B. Neither A nor B.

answer

Both A and B.

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Jenna manages the Web site for her band. She is exploring browser sniffing and feature detection to see which method will work best on the Web site to announce the dates and times of the band's gigs. Jenna discovers that browser sniffing relies on a ____ which asks the browser to identify itself. property value script pseudo-element

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script

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Jenna manages the Web site for her band. She is exploring browser sniffing and feature detection to see which method will work best on the Web site to announce the dates and times of the band's gigs. Jenna decides to use feature detection on her site as her research shows her that ____. it is more reliable it provides a more detailed picture of the capabilities of a user's browser Both A and B. Neither A nor B.

answer

Both A and B.

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Tanner is building a Web site featuring safety tips for new hockey players. Tanner wants the words "Safety First" to be inserted before each element of the class he created called "tips." To do this, he should use the content type of ____. text image table icon

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text

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Tanner is building a Web site featuring safety tips for new hockey players. Tanner wants a first aid symbol to be inserted before each element of the class he created called "first aid." He would use the content type of ____. text image table icon

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image

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Tanner is building a Web site featuring safety tips for new hockey players. During his research, Tanner discovers a CSS pseudo-element ::selection. He decides not to use it as it was first supported starting with CSS version ____. 2.1 2.5 3 4

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3

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Exponential ____ is a shortened format for writing very large numbers with any decimal places. numbering notation registering

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notation

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A(n) ____ is an element's numeric position within an array. location index indicator

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index

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You use the ____ function to find the total number of elements in an array. sum() counta() count()

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count()

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The print_r() var_export(), and var_dump()functions are used with ____ to display the index and value of each element. variables functions arrays

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arrays

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A(n) ____ operator requires a single operand either before or after the operator. unary single binary

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unary

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A(n) ____ operator is used in PHP to perform mathematical calculations. math arithmetic calculation

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arithmetic

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The ____ operator uses the % symbol to find the remainder of integer division. division modulus arithmetic

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modulus

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Assignment operators are used to assign a ____ to a variable. name value data type

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value

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____ assignment operators perform mathematical calculations on variables and literal values in an expression and then assign a new value to the left operand. Compound Complex Binary

answer

Compound

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The ____ operation uses the === (triple equal sign) to compare two operands for equality and data type. equal strict equal comparison

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strict equal

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The ____ operator executes one of two expressions based on the results of a conditional expression. conditional expressional comparison

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conditional

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Logical operators are used for comparing two ____ operands for equality. numeric Boolean String

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Boolean

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The ____ symbol is used to suppress any errors that might be generated by an expression to which it is prepended. # =; @

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@

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One way to ensure that a variable is of the correct data type is through type ____. naming identifying casting

answer

casting

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The ____ function tests whether a variable contains a numeric data type. is_number() is_digit() is_numeric()

answer

is_numeric()

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A function definition contains the lines of code that make up a function. True False

answer

True

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