ap human geography chapter 6: Religions – Flashcards
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universalizing religions attempt to...
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be global & appeal to everyone
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are universalizing religions increasing or decreasing
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increasing (cbr of LDC's are going up)
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universalized religions trace back to
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one God (precise places of origin based on the events of their God
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examples of universalizing religions
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Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Sikhism,Bahai
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what % of the world follows a universalizing religion? ethnic religion? no religion?
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universalizing- 58% ethnic- 26% no religion- 16%
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ethnic religions appeal to...
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one group of people living in one place
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origin of ethnic religions
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unknown- not tied to historical individuals
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largest ethnic religion
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Hinduism
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atheism
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believes God doesn't exist
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agnosticism
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God may or may not exist
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two types of non believers
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atheists and agnostics
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when was Jesus born?
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around 4bc
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who was most influential in spreading the word about Christianity
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Paul
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rate of growth of Christianity
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grows slowly then takes off in 3rd century
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what was the Great Schism of 1054
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state church of Roman Catholic Empire divided into Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic
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eastern orthodox
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Greek in the east
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Roman Catholic
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Latin in the west
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is the percentage of people who don't have a religion going up or down?
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up- fastest growing in u.s. because of wealth and science
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Protestant reformation (1530s)-Martin Luther
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German monk- felt the bible should be the ultimate authority
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how were Martin Luther's ideas spread?
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printing press
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types of diffusion of Christianity
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relocation, contagious, hierarchical/colonization
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diffusion of Christianity: relocation
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missionaries helped spread word throughout Roman Empire-excellent road networks helped
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diffusion of Christianity: contagious
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believers converted pagans
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diffusion of Christianity: hierarchical
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-leaders (Constantine) adopted and encouraged it -colonization (ex: Latin America is Catholic due to Spanish/ Portuguese colonization)
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origin of Islam (person)
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Muhammad
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when& where was Muhammad born
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570ad in Mecca
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who did Muhammad receive messages from and where did they go
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received messages from Allah, which were written into the Quran after his death
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where does Muhammad travel to and when does he leave to go
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622 Medina
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what does Muhammad's journey to medina mark in the Muslim calendar
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year 1
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what religion becomes popular in Medina
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islam
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what happens after Muhammad's journey?
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he returns to Mecca, takes over, and destroys all idols except for a black stone
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when did Muhammad die
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as Islam began to spread
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holiest cities in Islam
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1. Mecca- Muslims required to make a pilgrimage there if possible 2. Medina- Islam first became popular 3. Jerusalem- includes Dome of the Rock
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Theocracy
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religion & government the same / no separations (diffusion of Islam)
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examples of theocracy
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Iran and Saudi Arabia
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founder of Buddhism
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Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
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when & where was siddhartha born
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563bc in present day Nepal
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who is Buddha
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rich prince that lives in Himalayan mountains
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what did Siddhartha Gautama discover once he traveled
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sickness, aging, and death
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what does Buddha become
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ascetic- one that practices self denial (almost killed himself by taking it too far)
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what was Buddha's goal
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wanted to reach a nirvana- the end of all suffering
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what does Buddha realize?
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moderation is key
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while meditating under a Bodhi tree Buddha...
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reaches enlightment
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what did Buddha do after reaching enlightment
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spent next 45 years teaching the path to awaking
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why is it difficult to know how many Buddhists there are?
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few attend meetings one may be a Buddhist yet still belong to other religion
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what was one problem that formed after Muhammad died
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he left no successor
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Sunni and Shia dispute over..
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who the true caliph is
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what did the Shia feel
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that the caliph should follow a bloodline
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what did Sunni think
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the caliph can be anyone (86% majority)
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Iran is mostly Shia or Sunni?
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Shia (largely)
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Iraq and Azer Bajanis mostly Shia or Sunni?
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Shia
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are Isis and the taliban Shia or sunni
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sunni
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which is the majority Sunni or Shia
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sunni
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diffusion of Buddhism-hierarchical
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Asoka- very popular ruler of India loved Buddhism and wanted to see it spread
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diffusion of Buddhism- 1st century AD
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Merchants introduce Buddhism to China
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diffusion of Buddhism-4th century AD
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Buddhism turns into a Chinese religion while losing support in India
