question

Agglomeration

answer

The phenomenon of economic activity congregating in or close to a single location, rather than being spread out uniformly over space. Ex. Cities

question

Barriadas

answer

Squatter settlements found in the periphery of Latin American cities.

question

Bid-rent theory

answer

geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the Central Business District (CBD) increases.

question

Blockbusting

answer

Illegal practice of inducing homeowners to sell their properties by telling them that a certain people of a certain race, national origin or religion are moving into the area

question

CBD

answer

Central Business District (CBD) is the commercial (and sometimes cultural) heart of a city. It is dominated shops and offices many of which are found in tall skyscrapers. Ex. Downtown Tallahassee

question

Census tract

answer

An area deliniated by the us beureau of the census for which statisitcs are published; in urbanized areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods

question

Cityscapes

answer

An urban landscape

question

Colonial City

answer

City established by colonizing empires as administrative centers. Often they were established on already existing native cities, completely overtaking their infrastructures. Ex. Jamestown

question

Commercialization

answer

The transformation of an area of a city into an area attractive to residents and tourists alike in terms of economic activity.

question

Commuter zone

answer

the outer most zone of the Concentric Zone Model that represents people who choose to live in residential suburbia and take a daily commute in the CBD to work.

question

Counterurbanization

answer

Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries. Ex. Moving from Miami to Coral Gables

question

Decentralization

answer

degree to which decision-making authority is given to lower levels in an organization's hierarchy

question

Deindustrialization

answer

process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the newly deindustrialized region to switch to a service economy and to work through a period of high unemployment

question

Disamenity sector

answer

The very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not even connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs or drug lords.

question

Early cities

answer

Poor living conditions such as lack of space and pollution

question

Economic base

answer

economic activities that allow a community to exist. Ex. A town that might exist because a mineral resource in the area is being developed

question

Edge City

answer

City that is located on the outskirts of larger cities and serves many of the same functions of urban areas, but in a sprawling, decentralized suburban environment. Ex. Woodville is an edge city to Tallahassee.

question

Entrepot

answer

Big commercial center for importing and exporting commodities.

question

Favela

answer

A slum community in a Brazilian city.

question

Female-headed household

answer

a household dominated by a woman

question

Gateway cities

answer

cities that, because of their geographic location, act as ports of entry and distribution centers for large geographic areas Ex. New York, Los Angeles, Jacksonville, Boston (coastal cities)

question

Gentrification

answer

The rehabilitation of deteriorated, often abandoned, housing of low-income inner-city residents.

question

Ghetto

answer

a poor densely populated city district occupied by a minority ethnic group linked together by economic hardship and social restrictions

question

Ghettoization

answer

A process occurring in many inner cities in which they become dilapidated centers of poverty, as affluent whites move out to the suburbs and immigrants and people of color vie for scarce jobs and resources.

question

Global cities

answer

a term for megacities that emphasizes their global impact as centers of economic, political, and social power Ex. London, Paris, New York, Los Angeles

question

Globalization

answer

The trend toward increased cultural and economic connectedness between people, businesses, and organizations throughout the world.

question

Great cities

answer

a city with a population of more then 1 million. Ex. Any city with more than 1 million people (Dallas, Atlanta, Washington)

question

Greenbelt

answer

A ring of land maintained as parks, agricultural, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area Ex. National Parks, Forrest

question

High tech corridors

answer

an area along a limited-access highway that houses offices and other services associated with high-tech industries Ex. Silicon Valley

question

Hinterland

answer

a remote and undeveloped area Ex. Lloyd, FL.

question

Indigenous city

answer

a center of population, commerce, and culture that is native to a country

question

In-filling

answer

new building on empty parcels of land within a checkerboard pattern of development

question

Informal sector

answer

the portion of an economy largely outside government control in which employees work without contracts or benefits

question

Infrastructure

answer

the basic supposer systems needed to keep an economy going, including power, communications, transportation, water, sanitation, and education systems.

question

Inner city

answer

urban area around the CBD; typically poorer and more run down in the US and other long-developed states; typically more rich upscale in less-developed states.

question

Invasion and succession

answer

Process by which new immigrants to a city move to and dominate or take over areas or neighborhoods occupied by older immigrant groups. Ex. Puerto Ricans coming to a Mexican dominated neighborhood

question

Lateral commuting

answer

commuting that occurs between suburban areas rather than towards the central city.

question

Megacities

answer

Cities, mostly characteristic of the developing world, where high population growth and migration have caused them to explode in population since World War II. All megacities are plagued by chaotic and unplanned growth, terrible pollution, and widespread poverty. Ex. Hong Kong, New York

question

Megalopolis/conurbation

answer

An overgrown urban area created by the gradual merging of several metropolitan areas Ex. Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington (North) Ft. Lauderdale, Miami, Sarasota, Ft. Myers (South)

question

Metropolitan area

answer

a major population center made up of a large city and the smaller suburbs and towns that surround it Ex. Los Angeles and its surrounding cities

question

Metropolitan statistical area

answer

In the United States, a central city of at least 50,000 population, the county within which the city is located, and adjacent counties meeting one of several tests indicating a functional connection to the central city.

question

Micropolitan statistical area

answer

has at least one urban cluster of at least 10,000 but less than 50,000 and adjacent territory has a high degree of social and economic integration

question

Multiplier effect

answer

An effect in economics in which an increase in spending produces an increase in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent.

question

Peak land value intersection

answer

The most accessible and costly parcel of land in the central business district and, therefore, in the entire urbanized area.

question

Postindustrial city

answer

a city in which global finances and the electronic flow of information dominate the economy Ex. London

question

Racial steering

answer

real estate agents advising customers to purchase homes in neighborhoods depending on their race

question

Rank-size rule

answer

In a model urban hierarchy, the idea that the population of a city or town will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy.

question

Redlining

answer

Illegal practice of refusing to make mortgage loans or issue insurance policies in specific areas for reasons other than economic qualifications of applicants

question

Restrictive covenants

answer

provision in a property deed preventing sale to a person of a particular race or religion Ex. loan discrimination; ruled unconstitutional

question

Segregation

answer

the separation or isolation of a race, class, or group

question

Site/situation

answer

the internal physical attributes of a place/the external locational attributes of a place.

question

Social structure

answer

network of interrelated statuses and roles that guides human interaction

question

Specialization

answer

the concentration of the productive efforts of individuals and firms on a limited number of activities Ex. Doctors with their own different practices

question

Squatter settlement

answer

An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures.

question

Street patterns

answer

the way in which streets are designed grid- streets are arranged in a grid-like fashion dendritic- characterized by fewer streets organized based on the amount of traffic each is intended to carry access- provides access to a subdivision, housing project, or highway

question

Suburbanization

answer

Movement of upper and middle-class people from urban core areas to the surrounding outskirts to escape pollution as well as deteriorating social conditions (perceived and actual). In North America, the process began in the early nineteenth century and became a mass phenomenon by the second half of the twentieth century.

question

Tenement

answer

poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants lived. Ex. Housing project

question

Threshold/range

answer

threshold is them minimum number of people required to support the service/ range is the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service

question

Urban growth rate

answer

Rate of growth of an urban population. Compare degree of urbanization.

question

Urban hearth area

answer

The entire built-up, nonrural area and its population, including the most recently constructed suburban appendages. Provides a better picture of the dimensions and populations of such an area than the delimited municipality (central city) that forms its heart. Ex. Mesopotamia, Nile River Valley area

question

Urban heat island

answer

The concept that on average, both maximum and minimum temperatures are higher in urban areas than in nearby rural settings.

question

Urban hierarchy

answer

A ranking of settlements (hamlet, village, town, city, metropolis) according to their size and economic functions.

question

Urban hydrology

answer

Changes in water drainage patterns that occur in urban areas. Roads and artificial surfaces cut down infiltration and storage while storm sewers speed up the flow of water into rivers. It is suggested that urbanization increases the risk of flooding as rivers respond much more violently to a storm event.

question

Urban morphology

answer

the study of the physical form and structure of urban places

question

Urbanization

answer

the growth of cities Ex. Urban growth of Tallahassee in the past 20 years

question

World city

answer

Centers of economic, culture, and political activity that are strongly interconnected and together control the global systems of finance and commerce. Ex. New York, Hong Kong, Paris, London

question

Zone in transition

answer

An area that is either becoming more rural or more urban Ex. A town becoming more urban and less being rural

question

Zoning

answer

Dividing an area into zones or sections reserved for different purposes such as residence and business and manufacturing

question

Bid-rent theory

answer

geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the Central Business District (CBD) increases.

question

Central place theory

answer

A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.

question

Concentric zone model

answer

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.

question

Multiple Nuclei

answer

flattened nuclei pressed against the inside of the sarcolemma

question

Sector model

answer

A model or urban land use that places the central business district in the middle with wedge-shaped sectors radiating outwards from the center along transportation corridors.

question

Urban model

answer

Model that shows the basic layout of a certain kind of city

Ap Human Geography Unit 4 Questions And Answers – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards