AP Human Geography Unit 2 (Population) – Flashcards
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a model describing the ages and genders of a given population
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Age Distribution
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the largest number of people that the environment of a particular area can sustainably support, given the quantity of food, habitat, water and other life infrastructure present
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Carrying Capacity
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a population group unified by a specific common characteristic, such as age, and subsequently treated as a statistical unit
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Cohort
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the formula that calculates population change; found by doing births minus deaths plus (or minus) net migration
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Demographic Equation
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the tendency for growing population to continue growing after a fertility decline because of their young age distribution
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Demographic Momentum
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the defined region in which the demographics take place
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Demographic Regions
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a sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth/death rates to low birth/death rates in 5 stages. Stage 1 is low growth (high birth and death rate), Stage 2 is high growth (death rate drops), Stage 3 is moderate growth (birth rate drops), and Stage 4 is low growth(low birth and death rate). Stage 5, although not officially a stage, is a possible stage that includes zero or negative population growth
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Demographic Transition Model
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the number of people who are too young (under 15) or too old (over 65) to provide for themselves to the number to the number of people who must provide for them
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Dependancy Ratio
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the spread of birth control in an area
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Diffusion of Fertility Control
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when a disease spread. Two types: contagious and hierarchical. Hierarchical is along high density areas that spread from urban to rural areas. Contagious is spread through the density of people.
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Disease Diffusion
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time period required for a population experiencing exponential growth to double in size completely, given the rate of natural increase is constant
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Doubling Time
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the proportion of earth inhabitated permanently by humans
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Ecumene
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a distinctive cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition
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Epidemiological Transition Model
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where genders are seperated into different places
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Gendered Space
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the percentage of children who die before their first birthday compared to live babies within a particular area or country
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Infant Mortality Rate
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when the population of an area grows exponentially
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J-Curve
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an adaption that had become less helpful then harmful
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Maladaption
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death rate
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Mortality
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crude birth rate
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Natality
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theory that builds upon Malthus' thoughts on overpopulation. Takes into count two factors that Malthus did not: population growth in LDC's, and outstripping of resources other than food
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Neo-Malthusian
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the relationship between the number of people in an area and the availability of resources
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Overpopulation
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the frequency with which something occurs in space is density
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Population Densities
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total number of objects in an area
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Arithmetic Density
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number of persons per unit of area suitable for agriculture
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Physiological Density
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number of farmers per unit of area of farmland
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Agricultural Density
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where and why a population is distributed in a certain area
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Population Distribution
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a sudden increase or spike in population
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Population Explosion
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an estimate of what the population will be in a certain time period
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Population Projection
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a bar graph depicting the ages and sex of a population
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Population Pyramid
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the rate of births minus the rate of deaths, excluding migration
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Rate of Natural Increase
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the population increases exponentially, then plateaus
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S-Curve
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the amount of men to women
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Sex Ratio
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the quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way they are distributed within a population
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Standard of Living
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the ability to achieve and sustain for as long as possible
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Sustainability
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claimed that population grows at an exponential rate while food production increases arithmetically and eventually population growth would outpace food production
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Thomas Malthus
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a sharp decrease or drop in population the rate of natural increase being less than one
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Underpopulation
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where the fertility rate reaches a point that the population niether grows nor shrinks
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Zero Population Growth
