Physical Geography of North Africa and Eastern Mediterranean – Flashcards
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Northern Africa is shaped by which four plates?
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African, Arabian, Anatolian, and Eurasian
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What are the Atlas Mountains known as?
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The longest mountain range in Africa
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What two plates created the Atlas Mountains?
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Eurasian and African
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The Atlas Mountains extend from what country to what country (include what direction ex: NW)?
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SW Morocco to NW Tunisia
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What is an Erg?
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sandy, dune-covered areas
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What are Regs?
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stony plains covered with gravel
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What are Hamadas?
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flat, sandstone plateaus
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Where is the Sahara Desert located?
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western Sahara and Mauritania
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What are Ahaggars?
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mountainous plateaus in north central Sahara
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What mountain is the highest mountain in Algeria?
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Mount Tahat
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What are two important features of Mount Tahat?
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black volcanic landforms and pink granite massifs
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What mountains are the highest point in the Sahara?
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Tibesti Mountains
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What is the name of the highest mountain in Chad?
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Emi Koussi
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What is the world's longest river?
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Nile River
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Which way does the Nile River flow?
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North
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What percent of Egypt's people live near the Nile?
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90%
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What is alluvial soil?
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rich soil of sand and mud created by running water
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What dam was built to control flooding and river flow?
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Aswan High Dam
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What were the two results of the Aswan High Dam?
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provides irrigation and hydroelectric power and caused soil erosion
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What is Wadis?
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dry streambeds
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What sea divides Africa and Europe?
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Mediterranean Sea
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What Gulf divides North Africa from the Arabian Peninsula?
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The Gulf of Aden
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What sea divides Egypt and the Sinai Peninsula?
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Red Sea
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What are climates based off of?
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water scarcity
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Africa used to be mostly what kind of climate?
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wet and green
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How many inches of rain does the Sahara Desert get each year?
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10 inches or less
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What are the two types of extreme climate?
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Arid and Semiarid
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What is arid?
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hot and dry
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What is semiarid?
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hot and humid
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What is Sahel?
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flat plain across Senegal and Sudan
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What is the most common animal?
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Senegal gerbil
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What are two common trees in Sahel?
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baobab and acacia tree
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Sahel is considered what kind of climate?
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semiarid
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The Mediterranean climate is present in what three countries?
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morocco, Tunisia, and Libya
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What are three exports from Mediterranean climate areas?
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fruits, olives, and grapes
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What part of the Atlas Mountains have the most rainfall?
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north
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What three things are grown in area with 14 or more inches of rain?
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barley, oats, and wheat
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What is the most significant resource in North Africa?
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phosphate
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Where are most phosphates found?
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Morocco
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What two countries benefit from petroleum exports?
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Algeria and Libya
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Currently what do countries depend on?
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oil
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What four minerals are considered money makers?
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iron ore, copper, chromium and gold
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rich roil made up of sand and mud deposited by running water
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alluvial soil
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in the desert, a stream bed that is dry except during a heavy rain
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wadis
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a natural mineral containing chemical compounds often used in fertililzers
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phosphate
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a valley formed by the separation of tectonic plates
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rift valley
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a communal farm of settlement in Israel
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kibbutz
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a cooperative settlement of small individual farms in Israel
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moshav
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What five countries/territories are part of the Eastern Mediterranean?
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Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel, and Palestinian territories
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Where and what are the Golan heights? what country occupies them?
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Syria, rocky plateau, occupied by Israel
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the Anti Lebanon Mountain Range is between which two countries and what kind of soil is present there?
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Syria and Lebanon, thin soil
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The Golan Heights are a BLANK area.
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tourist
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What mountain is the highest mountain for skiing in Eastern med?
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Mount Hermon
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The Syrian Desert roadway is composed of what?
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gravel
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What is the lowest point of earths surface?
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Jordan Rift Valley
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Israel is classified as having what two land features?
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hills and beaches
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What is the name of the mountains north of Israel?
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Galilee Mountains
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What has formed due to erosion in the Negev Desert?
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craters
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What river is important to Syria and what does it provide?
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Euphrates River, irrigation
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What two things does the Jordan River provide?
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irrigation and natural boundry
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What are intermittent rivers?
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rivers that appear and disappear suddenly
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What can create Wadis?
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infrequent rainstorms
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What does the Sea of Galilee support?
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local settlements
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What are two unique things about the Dead Sea?
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lowest body of water on earth and high salt content
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What does the Gulf of Aquaba provide?
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irrigation
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What three things does Lake al-Assad provide?
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fish, irrigation and water for Aleppo (city)
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On the coast, what kind of climate and plants/animals live on the Eastern Med side?
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Mediterranean climate, biodiverse
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What three climates are in the interior areas of the Eastern Mediterranean?
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subtropical, semiarid, and arid
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What kind of soil is on the coast of Eastern Med?
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alluvial soil
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What two countries lost top soil due to strong winds?
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inland Syria and Jordan
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What are four important minerals in Eastern Med?
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bromine, magnesium, gypsum, and marble
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Which two large reserves are found in Eastern Med?
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oil and natural gas
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Israel governments created farming communities. what two things does this supply for the citizens?
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equipment and irrigation knowledge
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What are two issues in Eastern Med?
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lack of water and poor soil conditions
