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1. One reason for the end of the postwar economic boom in the 1970s was

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e. a drastic decline in worker productivity.

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2. Lyndon Johnson's insistence on fighting the Vietnam War and finding the Great Society with a tax increase to pay for them led to

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a. a drastic inflation of prices in the 1970s.

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3. The poor economic performance of the 1970s brought an abrupt end to

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d. the liberal dream that affluent American could spend its way to social justice.

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4. The Nixon Doctrine proclaimed that the United States would

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a. honor its existing defense commitment, but that in the future its allies would have to fight their own wars without large numbers of American troops.

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5. Perhaps Richard Nixon's most valuable asset as he began his presidency in 1969 was his

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e. expertise in foreign affairs.

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6. President Nixon's policy of "Vietnamization" of the war in Vietnam called for

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a. a gradual handover of the ground war to the South Vietnamese.

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7. Richard Nixon's Vietnam policy included all of the following except

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d. increased American troop commitments.

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8. The American armed forces in Vietnam were composed largely of

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d. the least privileged young Americans.

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9. The __________ Amendment __________ the voting age to __________.

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d. Twenty-sixth; lowered; eighteen

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10. The top secret "Pentagon Papers," leaked and published in 1971,

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e. exposed the deception that had led the United States into the Vietnam War.

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11. President Nixon's chief foreign-policy adviser was

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a. Henry Kissinger.

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12. Richard Nixon's policy of détente

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e. ushered in an era of relaxed tensions between the United States and the two leading communist powers, China and the Soviet Union.

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13. The Nixon administration still reflected a staunch anticommunist policy when it worked to undermine and overthrow the leftist government of

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d. Chile.

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14. In Griswold v. Connecticut, the Supreme Court upheld a married couple's right to use contraceptives based on

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c. a "right to privacy."

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15. The Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren outraged religious conservatives in 1962-63 when it

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b. ruled that prayer and Bible reading in public schools violated the First Amendment.

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16. When it came to welfare programs, Richard Nixon

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e. supported significant expansion in many areas.

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17. Richard Nixon's Philadelphia Plan

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d. required construction trade unions to establish timetables and goals for hiring black apprentices.

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18. The difference between Lyndon Johnson's affirmative action programs and those of Richard Nixon was

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d. that Johnson intended to help individuals, but Nixon conferred privileges on groups.

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19. All of the following were created during Richard Nixon's presidency except

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e. the Medicare program.

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20. To control creeping inflation in the early 1970s, President Richard Nixon

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a. imposed a ninety-day wage and price freeze.

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21. Richard Nixon's "southern strategy" included the policy of

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e. soft-pedaling civil rights and opposing school busing to achieve racial balance.

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22. George McGovern, the Democratic nominee for the presidency in 1972, alienated the traditional working-class backbone of the Democratic party

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d. by appealing to racial minorities, feminists, and youth.

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23. As a presidential candidate, South Dakota Senator George McGovern appealed most strongly to the

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a. antiwar movement.

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24. The shaky agreement that brought an end to American fighting in Vietnam in January 1973 represented

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a. a thinly disguised American retreat.

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25. As part of the cease-fire agreement in Vietnam in 1973,

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e. the United States withdrew all its troops from Vietnam.

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26. In 1973 the American public was shocked to learn that

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c. the U.S. Air Force had been secretly bombing Cambodia since 1969.

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27. In response to Congress's attempt to stop him from continuing the bombing of Cambodia, President Nixon

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e. repeatedly vetoed Congress's bills to halt the attacks.

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28. The 1973 War Powers Act

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e. required Congress to approve funds for military operations.

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29. As a result of Richard Nixon's aerial bombing of neutral Cambodia in 1973,

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c. the Cambodian economy was ruined and its politics revolutionized.

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30. As a result of U.S. support for Israel in 1973 when it was attacked by Egypt and Syria,

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c. Arab nations placed an embargo on oil to America.

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31. The list of Nixon illegal administration activities uncovered in the Watergate scandal included all of the following except

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b. paying Supreme Court justices to write favorable opinions.

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32. Richard Nixon tried to resist giving his taped conversations to the special prosecutor and the Congress by claiming that

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c. he had executive privilege (confidentiality).

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33. The most controversial action of Gerald Ford's presidency was

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d. pardoning Nixon for any known or unknown crimes he had committed while president.

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34. The Helsinki accords, signed by Gerald Ford and leaders of thirty-four other nations,

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a. pledged signatories to guarantee certain basic human rights.

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35. The people of the United States had provided just about everything for South Vietnam except

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e. the will to win the war.

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36. When the North Vietnamese launched their full invasion of South Vietnam in 1975

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e. the South Vietnamese government quickly collapsed.

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37. While many of the social movements born in the 1960s declined or disappeared, the one that remained strong and even gathered momentum in the 1970s was

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c. the feminist movement.

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38. Title IX was passed by Congress in 1972 to

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a. prohibit sex discrimination in any federally funded education program or activity.

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39. The proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), passed by Congress in 1972 and eventually ratified by 35 states, stated the following:

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d. "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on the basis of sex."

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40. The Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade declared state laws prohibiting abortion were unconstitutional because they

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e. violated a woman's constitutional right to privacy in her own person.

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41. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) failed to be ratified by the needed 38 states largely because

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c. an antifeminist backlash led by Phyllis Schlafly stirred sufficient opposition to stop it.

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42. The most explosive domestic controversy of the 1970s centered around issues of

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a. race.

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43. The effect of the Supreme Court ruling in Milliken v. Bradley, which held that integration did not have to take place across school district lines, was to

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d. reinforce the division between poorer, minority inner city schools and nearly all white suburbs.

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44. The supreme Court in the Bakke case held that

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e. racial quotas were unconstitutional but race could be taken into account as one factor in college admissions.

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45. American Indian activists brought attention to their cause in the 1970s by seizing

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b. Alcatraz Island and Wounded Knee, South Dakota.

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46. The "first wave" of feminism grew out of the __________ movement, and the "second wave" of feminism grew out of the ___________ movement.

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a. abolitionist; civil rights

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47. On which of the following issues did nearly all "second wave" feminists agree?

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d. abortion rights

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48. The opposing major party candidates in the bicentennial presidential campaign of 1976 were

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b. Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter.

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49. James Earl (Jimmy) Carter enjoyed considerable popularity when he won the presidency because

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a. his emphasis on honesty contrasted with the corruptions of Watergate.

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50. The guiding principle of President Carter's foreign policy was

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e. human rights.

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51. President Jimmy Carter's most spectacular foreign-policy achievement was the

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c. Camp David agreement between Israel and Egypt.

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52. President Carter believed that the fundamental problem of the American economy in the late 1970s was

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b. U.S. dependence on foreign oil.

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53. The first major trouble to afflict President Carter's foreign policy was

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c. the ominous reheating of the Cold War with the Soviet Union.

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54. The "oil shocks" of the 1970s brought home to Americans the stunning fact that

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e. their economy was increasingly dependent on foreign trade and the global economy.

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55. The SALT II Treaty between the Soviet Union and the United States died in the Senate when the Soviets

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e. invaded Afghanistan.

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56. The most humiliating failure during the Iran hostage crisis came when

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c. President Carter's attempted rescue mission ended in disaster.

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57. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Arab oil embargo, (B) Iranian hostage crisis, (C) fall of Saigon, (D) invasion of Afghanistan.

answer

b. A, C, B, D

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