question

Rapid industrial development in the united states between 1860 and 1900

answer

Produced by 1900 an economy dominated by enormous corporations

question

Why did the souths industrialization lag behind the north's?

answer

The post civil war south lacked capital and technically trained personnel

question

Which of the following entrepreneurs is incorrectly matched with the industry he dominated?

answer

Jay Gould--steel

question

Which of the following statements about Andrew Carnegie is incorrect?

answer

He believed in paying his workers decent wages in order to build employee loyalty and reduce labor turnover.

question

The Supreme Court in United States v. E. C. Knight Company

answer

diminished the effectiveness of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act by ruling that manufacturing was not interstate commerce

question

The New South Creed preached the need for the South to:

answer

industrialize

question

Studies of top managers in large corporations in the late nineteenth century show that:

answer

the great majority of them came from middle- and upper-class families

question

Which of the following men is incorrectly paired with what he preached?

answer

Edward Bellamy--laissez-faire capitalism

question

Which of the following people argued that poverty was not the result of unchangeable natural laws and could be eliminated by government intervention and social planning?

answer

Lester Frank Ward

question

Four anarchists were wrongfully charged with murder and executed for the

answer

1886 Haymarket Square bombing.

question

Explain how the building of the nation's railroad network stimulated American industrialization and the growth of large corporations.

answer

Railroad management innovations thus became a model for many other businesses seeking a national market.

question

What were the provisions of the 1887 interstate commerce act?

answer

The three provisions of the Interstate Commerce Act include the railroad rates must be "reasonable and just," it required that the railroad companies publish all rates and make financial reports, it provided for the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission, and independent regulatory agency, to investigate alleged abuses and stop them.

question

Why was the 1887 interstate commerce act passed?

answer

Congress passed the law largely in response to public demand that railroad operations be regulated

question

Why was regulating railroad rates and stopping railroad abuses of small shippers for the first twenty years of existence inefficient?

answer

It was ineffective because authorities rarely enforced it

question

What does this statement mean, John D. Rockefeller-,"integrated the petroleum industry both vertically... and horizontally..."?

answer

Rockefeller integrated the petroleum industry both vertically, by controlling every function from the production to local retailing, and horizontally, by merging the competing oil companies into one giant system.

question

How did Rockefeller achieve his goal of eliminating almost all "wasteful" competition in the oil industry.

answer

by establishing a new form of corporate organization, the Standard Oil Trust.

question

What were the provisions of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?

answer

The Sherman Antitrust Act outlawed trusts and any other monopolies that fixed prices in restraint of trade and slapped violators with fines of up to $5,000 and a year in jail.

question

Why did the Sherman Anti-Trust Act prove to be ineffective in halting trusts, consolidation, and other monopolistic practices?

answer

the act failed to define clearly either trust or restraint of trade. The government prosecuted only eighteen antitrust suits between 1890 and 1904.

question

How were the objectives of the American Federation of Labor different from those of the earlier National Labor Union and Knights of Labor?

answer

the Knights of Labor were more secretive, while the AFL was more formal and public federation of labor Unions. The Knights of Labor were much more radical than the AFL, admitting unskilled workers, African Americans, and women, unlike the AFL.

question

What caused the Pullman Strike?

answer

Workers pays were cut, but the cost of living in the company town was not cut, so the workers stayed in debt and were angry.

question

How did the workers lose the Pullman Strike?

answer

The government broke up the Pullman strike by issuing federal troops into Chicago to enforce the injunction

question

What was the theme of Horatio Alger's novels?

answer

rags to riches

question

How realistic were Horatio Alger's books?

answer

Not really realistic

question

What does a social darwinist believe?

answer

that the government should not interfere with human competition by attempting to regulate the economy or cure social ills such as poverty

question

How does Social Darwinist justify their beliefs?

answer

by Darwin's theory of Natural Selection.

question

What brought "the United States to be world leader in electrical technology"?

answer

The reason for this was not only the number of inventions inventors had created in the U.S., which included the light bulb, generators, and electric motors. But also because the U.S. had huge, standardized power grids that were widespread by this time.

question

What were the reasons for rapid industrial expansion and the growth of huge corporations between 1860 and 1900?

answer

Some reasons for the industrial expansion are coal deposits which made for cheap energy which was then used to fuel railroads and factories, new technologies that allowed manufacturers to lower costs and hire cheaper, unskilled workers.

question

What were some of the benefits the American people reaped from recent developments?

answer

Benefits of the expansion include mass production which lowered costs of many goods and national corporations finding new and better ways to market and supply consumers with their products. T

question

What were some of the social and economic costs or problems produced by industrialization and the growth of big business?

answer

The industrial expansion also advanced the United States to a major world power. Labor violence and strikes, great amounts of pollution, poverty, and growth of city slums were the downsides to the expansion.

question

What was the impact on labor of industrial development in the post-Civil War period?

answer

Due to the easy, repetitive tasks in factory jobs, corporations hired unskilled workers for very low salaries. By doing this, the factories were able to make cheaper products than skilled artisans and took most of their work away from them. Women began to enter the workforce in order to earn money for their family, however they were not treated fairly and didn't get paid the same as other workers.

question

What was the response to industrialism and the social problems that accompanied it?

answer

Sumner believed that government could not do anything to change the laws of nature, so any attempt to do so would be futile. His opponents, such as Lester Ward and Henry George believed that humanity possessed the power to alter the effects of natural laws, therefore the government should be able to have a hand of change in the marketplace.

question

Explain the industrialization of the South in the post-Civil War period.

answer

The South's rich coal and timber resources, and cheap labor made the south the place for industry according to Henry W. Grady.

question

Why did the South lag behind the North?

answer

The south was slow in catching up with northern industry, physical devastation, racism, scarcity of southern towns, lack of capital, illiteracy, northern control of financial markets and patents, and a low rate technological innovation.

question

How much had the South's industry grown by 1900?

answer

By 1900, total southern cotton-mill output, for example, remained little more than half that of the mills within a thirty mile radius of Providence, Rhode Island.

question

What was the difference from Southern industries and Northern industries?

answer

The South's per capita rate was $509 which was half that of northerners. The south's industry relied more on agriculture and textile mills, often because it became the catalyst for building new towns such as it had occurred in the 1820's.

question

Why was the southern industrial development different from the north?

answer

In the South, there was a scarcity of cities and large populations.

question

What obstacles stood in the way of unionization and successful strikes?

answer

Most of them would rather close a factory and sign a union contract. They could afford to close if they wanted. If their workers went on strike, they would not hesitate to bring in replacement workers. Also there were no legal barriers to doing that.

question

A farmers' association organized in 1867.

answer

The Grange

question

What was the difference between Southern and Northern textile mills?

answer

Northern mills were located in cities; Southern mills were located in rural areas (outside of cities).

question

What was the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) main objective?

answer

to supervise railroad activities and to control railroads and their unfair business practices.

question

umbrella organization where multiple industries were under the control of one individual

answer

Trust

question

a common law or doctrine to enforce contractual restrictions on the freedoms to run a business.

answer

Restraint of Trade

question

What industry was the first to be a leader of other industries?

answer

Railroad industry

question

an agreement between employers and employees that stated an employee would not agree to be a member of a labor union

answer

Yellow dog contract

question

How did the government end the Pullman Strike?

answer

Was ended by federal troops.

question

Immigrants during the 1880' and 1870's faced hostility in the West?

answer

Chinese: came to work on railroads and mine Irish from east

question

Immigrants from the East were predominantly

answer

Irish

question

Public's reaction to Haymarket was

answer

unfavorably

question

Where was child labor often found?

answer

Textile factories/Cotton mills/coal mines

question

A deaf inventor of the phonograph which was used in over 150,000 homes and invented the light bulb.

answer

Thomas A. Edison

question

a pioneer American trade union leader founded National Labor Union who's primary goal was Humanitarian reform and was elected president of the Iron Moulder's International Union

answer

William H Sylvis

question

an organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.

answer

Labor Union

question

labor union leader, best known as head of the Knights of Labor and a powerful advocate for the eight-hour workday

answer

Terence V. Powderly

question

secret labor organization formed to secure and maintain the rights of workingmen

answer

Knights of Labor

Flashcards About Chapter 18 U.S. History

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards