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Martin Van Buren

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8th president 1836. Helped to form the Democratic party and supported Andrew Jackson.

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General Winfield Scott

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United States Army general, and unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Whig Party in 1852.Presidents Jackson and Van Buren, ignoring the Supreme Court's ruling in Worcester v. Georgia, tacitly supported Georgia's expulsion of the Cherokees. In 1838, Scott was placed in charge of enforcing the Treaty of New Echota, including removal of the Cherokees to the "Indian Territory" (now Oklahoma).

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Worcester vs. Georgia

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a case in which the United States Supreme Court vacated the conviction of Samuel Worcester and held that the Georgia criminal statute that prohibited non-Native Americans from being present on Native American lands without a license from the state was unconstitutional.

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Indian Territory

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describes an evolving land area set aside by the United States Government for the relocation of the indigenous peoples of the Americas who held aboriginal title to their land.

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Expanionist

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a person who follows doctrine of a state expanding its territorial base (or economic influence) usually, though not necessarily, by means of military aggression.

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Spoils System

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(also known as a patronage system) is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters, friends and relatives as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party

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Tariff

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a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports

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Secede

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withdraw formally from membership in a federal union, an alliance, or a political or religious organization:

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Self-made

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Having achieved success or recognition by one's own efforts

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Political Patronage

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The practice or custom observed by a political official of filling government positions with qualified employees of his or her own choosing.

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Revenue

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the total income produced by a given source

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Epithet

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an adjective or descriptive phrase expressing a quality characteristic of the person or thing mentioned

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Mudslinging

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the use of insults and accusations, especially unjust ones, with the aim of damaging the reputation of an opponent.

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'Common Man'

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the average person - Jackson is said to be their president with 56% of the popular vote

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Civil Servants

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a member of the administrative staff of an international agency

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Andrew Jackson

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7th president elected in 1828. supported the idea of the 'common man'. former war hero and helped to form the Democratic party.

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Manifest Destiny

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In the 19th century, this was a widely held belief in the United States that American settlers were destined to expand throughout the continent.

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Tariff of Abominations

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name given to the Tariff of 1828 by outraged southerners who felt the tax on imports was excessive and unfairly targeted their region of the country.

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Recharter Bill

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President Andrew Jackson vetoed a bill that would have renewed the corporate charter for the Second Bank of the United States.Jackson's Bank veto was significant, since it firmly inserted the President into the legislative process. Jackson vetoed the Bank bill not only for constitutional reasons, but also for political reasons. Previous Presidents had used the veto sparingly, only when they felt a law was unconstitutional. Jackson did not acquiesce in the Supreme Court's ruling that the Bank was constitutional; he challenged it head on.

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5 Civilized Tribes of the South

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Cherokee, Creek, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Seminole

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Indian Removal Act 1830

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The law authorized the president to negotiate with Indian tribes in the Southern United States for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their ancestral homelands

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Trail of Tears

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Refers to a series of forced relocations of Native American nations in the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830. The removal included members of the Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations, who chose not to assimilate with American society, from their ancestral homelands in the southeastern U.S. to an area west of the Mississippi River that had been designated as Indian Territory. Native Americans who chose to stay and assimilate were allowed to become citizens in their states and of the U.S

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Relocation

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the process of vacating a fixed location (such as a residence or business) and settling in a different one

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John Ross

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Cherokee chief who, after devoting his life to resisting U.S. seizure of his people's lands in Georgia, was forced to assume the painful task of shepherding the Cherokees in their removal to the Oklahoma Territory.

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Sequoyah

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In 1821 he completed his independent creation of a Cherokee syllabary, making reading and writing in Cherokee possible. This was the only time in recorded history that a member of a pre-literate people independently created an effective writing system

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Reservation

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legal designation for an area of land managed by a Native American tribe under the US Bureau of Indian Affairs, rather than the governments of the US states in which they are physically located

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Jacksonian Democracy

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political movement during the Second Party System toward greater democracy for the common man symbolized by American politician Andrew Jackson and his supporters. The Jacksonian Era lasted roughly from Jackson's 1828 election as president until the slavery issue became dominant after 1850 and the American Civil War dramatically reshaped American politics as the Third Party System emerged.

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Suffrage

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the right to vote in political elections

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Doctrine of Nullification

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It held that states have the right to declare null and void any federal law that they deem unconstitutional. The doctrine was based on the theory that the Union is a voluntary compact of states and that the federal government has no right to exercise powers not specifically assigned to it by the U.S. Constitution.

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Webster-Hayne Debate

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a famous debate in the United States between Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina that took place on January 19-27, 1830 on the topic of protectionist tariffs.

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Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia

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The Cherokee Nation sought a federal injunction against laws passed by the state of Georgia depriving them of rights within its boundaries, but the Supreme Court did not hear the case on its merits. It ruled that it had no original jurisdiction in the matter, as the Cherokee was a dependent nation, with a relationship to the United States like that of a "ward to its guardian."

Jacksonian Democracy, the Spoils Systems and the Trail of Tears (Sacred Heart) – Flashcards

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