Chapter 7: Balancing Nationalism & Sectionalism – Flashcards
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Henry Clay proposed the American System for what reasons
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unify the nation, create a national currency, improve methods of transportation
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Eli Whitney is best known for his invention of the
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cotton gin
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The main purpose of the Tariff of 1816 was to
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help develop American industry (northern manufacturers benefited)
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The Erie Canal
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triggered a canal-building boom, was highly profitable for New York and effectively linked the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes
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The Supreme Court decision in MuCulloch v. Maryland
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The ruling strengthened the federal government's control over the economy, upheld the constitutionality of the national bank, declared the state of Maryland could not tax the national bank
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Secretary of State John Quincy Adams
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helped to expand U.S. territory to include Florida (Adams-Onis Treaty 1819)
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Nationalism
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is a belief in placing national interests above regional concerns
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The Monroe Doctrine
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warned European powers not to interfere with the affairs of the Western Hemisphere
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The Missouri Compromise
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maintained the balance of free and slave states
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Why was the election of John Quincy Adams in 1824 controversial?
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Andrew Jackson won the popular vote but the House of Representatives chose John Quincy Adams to be president
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What political party was formed by supporters of Andrew Jackson?
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Democrat
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Who benefited from Andrew Jackson's spoils system?
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Jackson's friend and political allies and/or members of the Democratic-Republican party
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Which Native American group walked the Trail of Tears?
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Cherokee
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What act of Congress eventually led to the Trail of Tears?
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Indian Removal Act 1830
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What was the result of the Trail of Tears?
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Thousands of Native Americans (Cherokee) died as they were forced to walk to western lands far inferior to the ones they were forced to leave
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In whose favor did the Supreme Court rule in Worcester v. Georgia?
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Worcester or the Cherokee Nation
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What was Andrew Jackson's response to the ruling in Worcester v. Georgia?
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refused to enforce it or ignored it
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In 1840, they ran William Henry Harrison as their candidate for president and won against Martin van Buren
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The Whig Party
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From the South's point of view, this was making the North rich at the South's expense
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the protective tariff 1828 or the Tariff of Abominations
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Elected president in 1836, he inherited the problems created by Jackson's economic policies
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Martin van Buren
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This championed states' rights and questioned the legality of applying some federal laws in the states
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the principle of or theory of nullification
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This allowed the federal government to use the military against South Carolina if state authorities resisted paying proper duties/taxes
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Force Bill 1833
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In his presidential campaign against Martin Van Buren in 1840, this wealthy man portrayed himself as a man of the people
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William Henry Harrison
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Which development led to a sharp rise in the number of slaves imported to the southern United States?
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the cotton gin (Eli Whitney)
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Who began the practice of replacing high-ranking members of the executive branch when a new president takes office?
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Andrew Jackson
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The policy by which a newly elected president replaces high-ranking members of the executive branch with his own appointees is known as _______________.
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the spoils system
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As part of the Missouri Compromise, ____________was admitted to the Union as a free state.
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Maine
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In 1832, ______________declared a series of tariffs unconstitutional and threatened to secede from the Union.
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South Carolina
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Jackson's first vice-president, ______________, publicly disagreed with him on the subject of states' rights.
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John C. Calhoun
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Andrew Jackson believed that the __________symbolized Eastern wealth and threatened American democracy.
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Bank of the United States
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The ________________ was aimed, in part, at preventing Russia from establishing colonies in California.
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Monroe Doctrine
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The American System helped bring the nation together by
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creating a better transportation network to facilitate the exchange of goods.
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The Whig Party, formed in 1834, supported
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protective tariffs and a federal banking system
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Andrew Jackson's "pet banks" contributed to the Panic of 1837 by
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printing paper money in excess that was not backed by gold and silver
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mass production
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the production of goods in large quantities made possible by the factory system
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interchangeable parts
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parts that are exactly alike (do not need skilled craftsmen for this type of production)
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Industrial Revolution
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social and economic reorganization that took place as machines replaced hand tools and large-scale factory production developed Started in Great Britain
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Where did Industry first develop in the U.S.?
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New England (textiles first industry)
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What caused the Industrial Revolution to come to America?
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Jefferson's Embargo Act (ban on trade with Britain) and the War of 1812 (blockades)
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Why was slavery abolished in the North?
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farmers had little economic motivation to use slaves; cash crops did not grow well in northern soil and climate
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How did the cotton gin accelerate the expansion of slavery?
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demand for cotton increased as the textile industry grew so wealthy planters bought land in Mississippi, Alabama and Louisiana for plantation farming; the gin made it easier/more efficient to clean short-staple cotton
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The American System
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proposed by President Madison and promoted by Speaker of the House Henry Clay in 1815 to unify the country and make the nation self-sufficient internal improvements (better transportation networks), protective tariff (to help American industry develop), national bank (2nd)
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Protective Tariff 1816
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designed to eliminate the price advantage of foreign products; the tariff revenues would help pay for internal improvements and help newly developing American industries compete
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"Era of Good Feelings"
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began in 1816 with the election of James Monroe; people were generally pleased with the way the country was developing
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Second National Bank (part of the American System)
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would make available a currency to be accepted nationwide thus making it easier for people in different regions to do business with one another
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The steamboat
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help unite the economic life of the North and South; carried freight as well as passengers; made it possible to go upstream
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Gibbons vs. Ogden
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The "steamboat case"; Supreme Court decision that helped to ensure that the federal government has the power to regulate just about everyting that crossees state lines
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John Marshall
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Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court for 34 years; ensured that nationalism exerted strong influence on the legal system
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nationalism
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the belief that national interests should be placed ahead of regional concerns or the interests of other countries
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sectionalism
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placing regional or sectional concerns (or the concerns of an individual state) ahead of what is best for the national as a whole
