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Western imperialism in the late nineteenth century was stimulated by all of the following EXCEPT

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The fear that Bolshevik ideas might advance around the globe.

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John Fiske

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Wrote American Political Ideas, a book that stressed the superior character of Anglo-Saxon peoples and institutions.

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Alfred Thayer Mahan

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argued that sea power was essential to national greatness

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Queen Liliuokalani

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opposed the Americanization of Hawaii

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What is "yellow journalism"?

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It refers to sensationalist news coverage that was designed to sell papers and manipulate public opinion.

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The de Lôme letter:

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referred to President McKinley as a weak and cowardly leader

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One reason the United States went to war against Spain was that:

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there was strong support among the American people for going to war

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Emilio Aguinaldo:

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was the Filipino rebel leader

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As a result of the Spanish-American War, the United States:

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emerged as an imperial power

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All of the following were put forward as reasons for the United States annexing the Philippines EXCEPT:

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gaining access to large oil and coal deposits in the Philippines

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A major reason that the U.S. annexed the Philippines despite anti-imperialist opposition in the U.S. was because:

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the islands were located very close to China and China's potential markets

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Why did the United States fight a war in the Philippines after the Spanish-American War?

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to quell an insurrection of Filipinos who opposed annexation by the U.S.

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The Philippine-American War became known for:

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its brutality and the atrocities committed by both sides

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The notion that Americans were God's chosen people was often used to:

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justify American imperialism and territorial acquisitions

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Why were American Catholics troubled by Protestant efforts to evangelize in Spain's former colonies?

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The people of those territories were already Christians who belonged to the Catholic Church.

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The Platt Amendment did all of the following except:

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provide for the American annexation of Cuba

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The Boxer Rebellion took place in

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China

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With the Boxer Rebellion, all of the following occurred EXCEPT

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Secretary of State Hay abandoned the Open Door

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Mark Hanna opposed naming Theodore Roosevelt as McKinley's running mate in the 1900 election because Hanna

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saw Roosevelt as a madman who just might become president

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Why was Theodore Roosevelt picked as William McKinley's running mate for the 1900 election?

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Roosevelt was a popular figure from his exploits in the Spanish-American War and had been a strong public supporter of McKinley.

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To reward Theodore Roosevelt for his vigorous campaigning on behalf of William McKinley in 1896, the new president appointed Roosevelt:

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assistant secretary of the navy

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Who was president when the United States acquired the right to build a canal across Panama?

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Theodore Roosevelt

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The Roosevelt Corollary

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stated that the United States could intervene in the affairs of Latin American countries to forestall the intervention of other powers

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As a result of Japan's show of strength in the Russo-Japanese War

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Americans began to doubt the security of the Philippines

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Roosevelt's "Gentlemen's Agreement"

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stopped the flow of Japanese immigrants to America

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Through his intervention in the Moroccan crisis in 1906, President Roosevelt

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may have prevented a war pitting France and Britain against Germany

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The "yellow peril"was

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a racially charged description of a perceived threat from Japan

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Roosevelt's intervention in the Russo-Japanese War and the Moroccan dispute

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won him the Nobel Peace Prize of 1906

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Why did Theodore Roosevelt send the "Great White Fleet" on a world tour between 1907 and 1909?

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to demonstrate that the U.S. had arrived as a world power

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In hindsight, Roosevelt's approach to foreign policy was problematic because

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his efforts to deploy American power abroad were accompanied by a racist ideology

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The muckrakers saw their primary objective as

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exposing social problems to the public

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Progressives supported all of the following as measures to democratize government EXCEPT:

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the poll tax

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The commission plan of city government was first adopted in

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Galveston, Texas

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The originator of the "Wisconsin idea" of efficient government was

answer

Robert M. La Follette

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The National Child Labor Committee pushed

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for laws prohibiting the employment of young children

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Jane Addams called the impulse to found settlement houses

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"Christian humanitarianism"

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Frances Willard lobbied

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for women to become ministers

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In 1917, a Prohibition amendment to the Constitution

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passed Congress, then went to the states for ratification

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During the coal strike of 1902

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President Theodore Roosevelt won support for his use of the "big stick" against corporations

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Which of the following statements regarding the coal strike of 1902 is NOT true?

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Roosevelt once bellowed that "the Constitution is more important than coal!"

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Congress established the Bureau of Corporations

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to monitor the activities of interstate corporations

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The Hepburn Act of 1906

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authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to set maximum rates for railroads

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In the area of conservation, Theodore Roosevelt

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used the Forest Reserve Act to withdraw over 170 million acres of timberland from logging

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The Newlands Act of 1902

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established a new federal agency to deal with water in the West

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In the 1908 presidential race

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the Democrats once again nominated William Jennings Bryan

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______ eventually became chief justice of the Supreme Court.

answer

William Howard Taft

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As president, Taft

answer

preserved more public lands in four years than Roosevelt had in nearly eight

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In the presidential election of 1912, William Howard Taft

answer

Was the Republican candidate

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Woodrow Wilson was

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A professor and college president

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Which candidate was shot during the 1912 presidential campaign?

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Theodore Roosevelt

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Of the four presidential candidates in 1912, the one most likely to advocate government ownership of big business was

answer

Eugen Debs

question

Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom platform

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Proposed vigorous anti-trust action to break up corporate concentration

question

In his first term as president, Wilson did all of the following EXCEPT

answer

failed to reorganize the banking system

question

Upon becoming president, Wilson appointed as secretary of state

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William Jennings Bryan

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The Clayton Anti-Trust Act

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outlawed price discrimination and interlocking directorates

question

The Federal Reserve Act fig all of the following EXCEPT

answer

Shifted the U.S. treasury back to the gold standard

question

The election of 1912 brought about all of the following EXCEPT

answer

brought the same man to the White House in nonconsecutive terms

question

Despite his racist views, President Wilson still nominated Josephus Daniels for

answer

Secretary of the navy

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Louis D. Brandeis

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Was the first Jewish member of the Supreme Court

question

The Adamson Act of 1916

answer

Established the eight-hour day for railroad workers

question

Despite his racist views, President Wilson still nominated Josephus Daniels for

answer

Secretary of the navy

question

Of the four presidential candidates in 1912, the one most likely to advocate government ownership of big business was

answer

Eugen Debs

question

The most important domestic law of Wilson's administration was the:

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Federal Reserve Act

question

The Open Door policy:

answer

proposed that foreign powers keep the China trade open to all nations on an equal basis

question

The major forces behind the social gospel movement were:

answer

Protestants and Catholics

question

Jane Addams called the impulse to found settlement houses

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"Christian humanitarianism"

question

The title of the novel that described the terrible conditions of the meatpacking industry was:

answer

The Jungle

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The Seventeenth Amendment:

answer

authorized the popular election of U.S. senators

question

Imperialism

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The use of diplomatic or military force to extend a nation's power and enhance its economic interests, often by acquiring territory or colonies and justifying such behavior with assumptions of racial superiority

question

Yellow journalism

answer

A type of news reporting, epitomized in the 1890's by the newspaper empires of William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, that intentionally manipulates public opinion through sensational headlines, illustrations, and articles about both real and invented events

question

U.S. battleship Maine

answer

American warship that exploded in the Cuban port of Havana on January 25, 1898: though later discovered to be the result of an accident, the destruction of the Maine was attributed by war-hungry Americans to Spain, contributing to the onset of the War of 1812

question

De Lome letter

answer

Private correspondence written in 1898 by the Spanish ambassador to the U.S. Depuy de Lome, that described President McKinley as "weak"; the letter was stolen by Cuban revolutionaries and published in the New York Journal, deepening American resentment of Spain and moving the two countries closer to war in Cuba

question

Teller Amendment

answer

Addition to the congressional war resolution of April 20, 1898, which marked the U.S. entry into the war with Spain; the amendment declared that the United States' goal in entering the war was to ensure Cuba's independence, not to annex Cuba as a territory

question

American Anti-Imperialist League

answer

Coalition of anti-imperialist groups united in 1899 to protest American territorial expansion, especially in the Philippine Islands; its membership included prominent politicians, industrialists, labor leaders, and social reformers

question

Open Door Policy

answer

Official U.S. insistence that Chinese trade would be open to all nations; Secretary of State John Hay unilaterally announced the policy in 1899 in hopes of protecting the Chinese market for U.S. exports

question

Roosevelt Corollary

answer

President Theodore Roosevelt's 1904 revision of the Monroe Doctrine (1823) in which he argued that the United States could use military force in Central and South American nations to prevent European nations from intervening in the Western Hemisphere

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"Dollar diplomacy"

answer

Practice advocated by President Theodore Roosevelt in which the U.S. government fostered American investments in less-developed nations and then used U.S. military force to protect those investments

question

Muckrakers

answer

Writers who exposed corruption and abuses in politics, business, consumer safety, working conditions, and more, spurring public interest in progressive reforms

question

Social gospel

answer

Protestant movement that stressed the Christian obligation to address the mounting social problems caused by urbanization and industrialism

question

Woman suffrage

answer

Movement to give women the right to vote through constitutional amendment, spearheaded by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton's National Women Suffrage Association

question

Seventeenth Amendment

answer

Constitutional amendment that provided for the direct election of senators rather than the traditional practice allowing state legislatures to name them

question

Taylorism

answer

Labor system based on detailed study of work tasks, championed by Frederick Winslow Taylor, intended to maximize efficiency and profits for employers

question

Sixteenth Amendment

answer

Constitutional amendment that authorized the federal income tax

question

Square Deal

answer

Roosevelt's progressive agenda of the "Three C's": control of corporations, conservation of natural resources, and consumer protection

question

Progressive Party

answer

In the 1912 election, Theodore Roosevelt was unable to secure the Republican nomination for president. He left the Republican party and formed his own party for progressive Republicans, called the "Bull Moose" party (later Progressive party). Roosevelt and Taft split the Republican vote, which allowed democratic Woodrow Wilson to win

question

New Freedom

answer

Program championed in 1912 by the Woodrow Wilson campaign that aimed to restore competition in the economy by eliminating all trusts rather than simply regulating them

question

Federal Reserve Act (1913)

answer

Legislation passed by Congress to create a new national banking system in order to regulate the nation's currency supply and ensure the stability and integrity of member banks who made up the Federal Reserve System across the nation

question

Federal Trade Commission (FTC) (1914)

answer

Independent agency created by the Wilson administration that replaced the Bureau of Corporations as an even more powerful tool to combat unfair trade practices and monopolies

question

Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914)

answer

Legislation that served to enhance the Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) by clarifying what constituted "monopolistic" activities and declaring that labor unions were not to be viewed as "monopolies in restraint of trade"

question

Allied Powers

answer

the nations fighting the Central Powers during the First World War, including France, Great Britain, and Russia, later joined by Italy and, after Russia quit the war in 1917, the US

question

Central Powers

answer

one of the two sides during the First World War, including Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire (Turkey), and Bulgaria

question

First Red Scare (1919-1920)

answer

outbreak of anti-Communist hysteria that included the arrest without warrants of thousands of suspected radicals, most of whom (mostly Russian immigrants) were deported

question

Fourteen Points (1918)

answer

President Woodrow Wilson's proposed plan for the peace agreement after the First World War that included the creation of a "league of nations" intended to keep the peace

question

Great Migration

answer

mass exodus of African Americans from the rural South to the Northeast and Midwest during and after the First World War

question

League of Nations

answer

organization of nations formed in the aftermath of the First World War to mediate disputes and maintain international peace; despite President Wilson's intense lobbying for the League of Nations, Congress did not ratify the treaty of the United States failed to join

question

Lusitania

answer

British ocean liner torpedoed and sunk by a German U-boat; the deaths of nearly 1200 of its civilian's passengers, including many American, caused international outrage

question

Nineteenth Amendment (1920)

answer

Constitutional amendment that granted women the right to vote in 1920

question

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

answer

peace treaty that ended the First World War, forcing Germany to dismantle its military, pay immense war reparations, and give up its colonies around the world

question

Trench Warfare

answer

a form of prolonged combat between the entrenched positions of opposing armies, often with little tactical movement

question

U-boats

answer

German military submarines (Unterseeboot) used during the First World War to attack enemy naval vessels as well as merchant ships of enemy and neutral nations

question

Western Front

answer

the contested frontier between the Central and Allied Powers that ran along northern France and across Belgium

question

Zimmermann telegram

answer

message sent by a German official to the Mexican government in 1917 urging an invasion of the US; the telegram was intercepted by British intelligence agents and argued Americans, many of whom called for war against Germany

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