question

Who wrote Democracy in America?

answer

Alexis de Tocqueville

question

What was the first major canal project in the United States?

answer

The Erie Canal

question

During the pre-Civil War period,

answer

horizontal allegiances tended to replace vertical allegiances;

question

In Gibbons v. Ogden the Supreme Court ruled that Congress had the authority to

answer

regulate navigation on rivers.

question

Who founded the fur-trading post in Astoria, Oregon?

answer

John Jacob Astor

question

The Waltham and Lowell textile mills were more advanced than the mills established by Samuel Slater because they, unlike the Slater mills, produced

answer

finished fabrics.

question

How did Samuel Slater transform American economic life?

answer

He helped design and built the country's first cotton mill.

question

Which of the following best describes crop and land use patterns in the United States by the 1830s?

answer

The Old Northwest boomed with land development and wheat production.

question

What was the direction of the population movement that took place between 1790 and 1840?

answer

From the Atlantic coast to the areas between the Appalachians and the Mississippi

question

What was the economic status of most people in antebellum America?

answer

Middling

question

What did the intense antebellum criticism of lawyers, physicians, ministers, and other professionals indicate about America?

answer

Americans were inclined to question authority.

question

In Worcester v. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee Nation

answer

was a distinct political community and entitled to federal protection from Georgia's claims.

question

The doctrine of "separate spheres" suggested that many Antebellum Americans believed that

answer

men were superior in worldly pursuits, and women were superior for their moral influence

question

In 1838, why did thousands of Cherokees move from the southeastern United States to Indian Territory in what is now Oklahoma?

answer

They were forced to move by the federal government.

question

What did the military bounties awarded during the War of 1812 provide?

answer

Soldiers receive western land for service

question

Which of the following was not one of the developments that took place in the United States after the War of 1812?

answer

Slowing of economic growth

question

During the antebellum period, what happened to the birthrate among native-born white women?

answer

It declined.

question

Which of the following commodities was a major agricultural product of the Old Southwest?

answer

Cotton

question

New England became America's first industrial region in part because it had

answer

a surplus of young women to work in the mills.

question

What impact did the Erie Canal have on New York City?

answer

It turned New York into the nation's largest city.

question

Which of the following tribes was not one of the Five Civilized Tribes?

answer

Huron

question

What was the purpose of the National Road?

answer

to facilitate westward migration.

question

What was one of the major changes that took place in American towns and cities between 1820 and 1860?

answer

Towns grew rapidly, especially in the West.

question

What was Alabama fever?

answer

a land rush in Alabama that caused the price of land to skyrocket.

question

The main objective of the American Colonization Society was to

answer

free slaves and transport them back to Africa.

question

Who founded the Church of Latter Day Saints (the Mormons) after claiming he received visions from God?

answer

Joesph Smith

question

The tariff controversy of the early 1830s showed that

answer

the nation faced serious and growing sectional pressures in the years ahead.

question

What is the difference between "hard money" and "soft money"?

answer

Hard money is specie like gold or silver, while soft money is paper.

question

Why is Dorothea Dix famous?

answer

She campaigned for better treatment of the mentally handicapped.

question

President Van Buren advocated the creation of the Independent Treasury because, he argued, it would

answer

help to keep federal money out of the grasp of business corporations.

question

Charles Finney often considered the "father of modern revivalism" because he

answer

introduced special revival techniques and reached out to all Protestant denominations.

question

What were "pet banks"?

answer

State banks chosen by President Jackson to be depositories of federal money.

question

Why was the 1824 presidential election unique?

answer

John Quincy Adams was elected president by the House of Representatives.

question

The Whig Party was made up of

answer

former Federalists and former Republicans who believed that the national government should encourage economic development.

question

During the antebellum period, the American political system

answer

became more democratic.

question

Who was the most famous and controversial white abolitionist?

answer

William Lloyd Garrison

question

Members of the Oneida Community advocated

answer

communal ownership of property, and "complex marriages" in which every member of the community was married to every other member of the other sex.

question

The Peggy Eaton affair was significant because it

answer

furthered a growing split between Andrew Jackson and his vice-president John C. Calhoun

question

Which sect believed that Jesus was not divine but merely an exemplary human being?

answer

Unitarians

question

During the pre-Civil War decades, what did most American painters prefer to paint?

answer

Landscapes

question

Who is usually described as the father of mass entertainment in the U.S.?

answer

Phineas T. Barnum

question

How did the McCormick reaper help the North win the Civil War?

answer

It allowed the North to keep agricultural production high even though many farmers went to fight.

question

How did the writings of Emerson, Thoreau, and Whitman differ from those of Hawthorne, Poe, and Melville?

answer

Hawthorne, Poe, and Melville had a pessimistic view of the human condition.

question

What was one of the results of rising urban land values in the early nineteenth-century American city?

answer

Many row houses were subdivided and occupied by many families.

question

What type of urban housing developed during the early nineteenth century?

answer

Row Houses

question

What advance in heating and cooking occurred in antebellum America?

answer

Coal-burning stoves were introduced

question

Sylvester Graham was

answer

a prominent health food advocate.

question

What impact did technological changes have on the American worker before the Civil War?

answer

The purchasing power of the average worker rose.

question

Besides inventing the cotton gin, what did Eli Whitney do that benefited American manufacturing?

answer

He introduced the concept of interchangeable parts

question

In 1860, about what percent of slave owners owned more than 20 slaves?

answer

Only about 12 percent.

question

Who was the famous American who, as a slave, borrowed sailor's papers and escaped from Baltimore to New York City in 1838?

answer

Frederick Douglass

question

Which of the following is an accurate statement about slave uprisings in the antebellum South?

answer

There were only three, and only one resulted in white deaths.

question

What characterized life for most plantation mistresses?

answer

Isolation, drudgery, and humiliation.

question

Which of the following was a common form of slave resistance?

answer

Work stoppages

question

The Underground Railroad

answer

an effort to help slaves to escape, but it had only limited success.

question

How did the Lower South acquire the slaves it used after 1808?

answer

It acquired most of its slaves from the Upper South.

question

What shaped relations among whites in the Old South?

answer

A complex code of honor

question

By 1860 what percentage of white southern families owned slaves?

answer

25%

question

What was unusual about William Tiler Johnson?

answer

He was a free black who owned slaves.

question

Which of the following statements is not an accurate description of slavery?

answer

Most slaves gladly accepted the limits on their freedom in return for security.

question

Why was the Tredegar Iron Works significant?

answer

It was one of the few, large iron producers in the South.

question

Which of the following was one of the few groups in the Old South to reject the dueling, brawling, and drinking of southern society?

answer

Evangelical churches

question

What was Pidgin?

answer

It was a language developed by American-born slaves.

question

Which list of states contains only states that were part of the Upper South?

answer

Virginia, North Carolina, and Arkansas

question

What was an overseer?

answer

He was a slave owner's assistant who managed the discipline and punishment on a plantation.

question

Where did over half of all free blacks in the Lower South live?

answer

In cities

question

Why did factories develop slowly in the South?

answer

Slave discipline was difficult to maintain in a factory system. The economic rewards of agriculture were more certain. Industrialization might have disrupted the traditional southern social structure. To raise the capital needed to build factories, Southerners would have had to sell slaves.

question

Most runaway slaves

answer

remained in the South.

question

Which of the following is an accurate description of the typical slave diet?

answer

It was generally unbalanced, but there was plenty of food.

question

Which of the following was one of the hallmarks of the West African cultures from which many American slaves had originated?

answer

Broad kinship ties

question

Who led the 1831 rebellion in Southampton County, VA that terrified the South for generations?

answer

Nat Turner

question

Why were some slaves allowed to work in towns or cities?

answer

They were in steady demand to work in ports, on the rivers, and in mining and lumbering.

question

In The Impending Crisis of the South, Hinton Helper argued that

answer

nonslaveholders should abolish slavery in their own interest.

question

Why did the growth rate of the free black population in the South slow after 1810?

answer

Fewer southern whites were freeing their slaves.

question

In the Mexican-American War, why was the United States victorious in virtually all its encounters with Mexican forces?

answer

The United States possessed superior artillery and supplies.

question

Which one of the following was not one of the results of the California gold rush?

answer

Slaves, free blacks, Indians, Chinese, and Anglos eagerly joined together in the gold fields.

question

What was the Wilmot Proviso?

answer

It was a stipulation that slavery be prohibited in any territory acquired in the negotiations with Mexico.

question

How much did the United States increase its land size by during President James K. Polk's administration?

answer

50 percent

question

What did the Indians whom white emigrants encountered along the overland trail commonly do?

answer

They cooperated with the emigrants.

question

Which of the following did the Whig political program in 1840 include?

answer

Government-financed internal improvements

question

Empresarios were

answer

land agents who worked for Mexico to recruit American settlers to come to Texas.

question

What was one reason that "dark horse" James K. Polk won the presidency in 1844?

answer

Polk convinced many northerners that the annexation of Texas would be in their best interest.

question

The Battle of the Alamo

answer

provided a rallying point for Texans in their struggles against Mexico.

question

Great Britain and the United States almost went to a war between in the 1840s because of a dispute over

answer

the border between the Oregon territory and British Columbia.

question

According to the doctrine of "popular sovereignty, or "squatter sovereignty,"

answer

residents of a territory should be allowed to decide whether or not to permit slavery.

question

A potato blight brought about "The Great Famine," a period of starvation in

answer

Ireland.

question

Along the overland trail, how did the duties of men and women compare?

answer

Most women packed and unpacked the wagons in addition to performing their traditional duties.

question

What was the main reason most European immigrants came to the United States between 1815 and 1860?

answer

Economic advancement

question

"Manifest Destiny" is the belief that the United States had

answer

an obligation to spread American ideals across the continent

question

What did President James K. Polk want from Mexico in 1845 and 1846?

answer

Acquisition from Mexico of California and New Mexico

question

In the 1820s, Mexico attempted to attract American settlers to Texas by

answer

providing generous land grants to recruiting agents.

question

In the 1840s, which of the following groups was not likely to support territorial expansion?

answer

Members of the Whig party

question

In 1860 what groups accounted for three-fourths of all foreign-born Americans?

answer

Irish and Germans

question

Who led the Texas army that defeated Santa Anna at San Jacinto?

answer

Sam Houston

question

Which of the following was one of the reasons why some antislavery northerners believed there was a southern conspiracy to extend slavery into the Southwest?

answer

President Tyler, a states' rights Democrat from Virginia, maneuvered to arrange the annexation of Texas.

question

What was the Free-Soil Party's campaign slogan?

answer

"Free Trade, Free Labor, Free Speech, Free Men"

question

In the Mexican-American War, the Mexican armies

answer

fought bravely and stubbornly, but unsuccessfully.

question

Which statement best describes the Germans who came to the United States before 1860?

answer

They were diverse, hardworking, and clannish.

question

Which provision of the Compromise of 1850 antagonized the North the most?

answer

The strengthening of the Fugitive Slave Act

question

Why did "Bleeding Kansas" occur?

answer

Proslavery forces stole the election for the state legislature. Antislavery forces took up "Beecher's Bibles." John Brown led a brutal murder of five proslavery men. The nation's precarious sectional balance was in danger.

question

The Lecompton Constitution

answer

protected the property rights of Kansas slaveholders and provided for a referendum on the admission of more slaves.

question

Before his assault on Harpers Ferry in 1859, John Brown had gained notoriety by

answer

publishing an anti-slavery journal that savagely attacked the South.

question

Who won the 1856 presidential election?

answer

James Buchanan

question

What did the Know-Nothing Party argue?

answer

Immigration should be strictly limited.

question

Where were the first shots of the Civil War fired?

answer

Fort. Sumter

question

After the 1860 presidential election, why did Republicans reject any further compromise on the slavery issue?

answer

They believed that moderate southerners would soon regain control, and that compromise on matters of basic principle was tantamount to surrender.

question

Which of the following candidates ran as Democrats in the 1860 election?

answer

John Breckinridge and Stephen Douglas

question

Why did Abraham Lincoln win the 1860 presidential election?

answer

He took advantage of the split in the Democratic Party and won a plurality of the vote.

question

Congressman Preston Brooks

answer

beat Charles Sumner with a cane.

question

Which provision did the Lecompton constitution include?

answer

A referendum would be held to decide whether to allow more slaves into the state.

question

The principle of popular sovereignty mean that

answer

each territory would decide for itself whether to allow slavery or not.

question

Which of the following is not true about the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

answer

It rendered the terms of the Compromise of 1850 void.

question

In the course of his campaign against Stephen Douglas in 1858, Abraham Lincoln declared all of the following except

answer

The best way to preserve the Union was to ensure that slavery was legal in all states, North and South.

question

In the 1850s, the main issue that unified the otherwise diverse elements of the new Republican party was

answer

"Bleeding Kansas"

question

In Dred Scott v. Sandford, the Supreme Court ruled that slaves

answer

were not citizens; therefore, they could not sue in federal courts.

question

Which territory had two competing governments in the 1850s?

answer

Kansas

question

The Ostend Manifesto called for the United States to acquire

answer

Cuba.

question

The Gadsden Purchase was

answer

a small strip of land in southern Arizona and New Mexico purchased from Mexico for a railroad line.

question

Which of the following was a provision of the Fugitive Slave Act?

answer

Alleged fugitive slaves had no right to a jury trial.

question

How did the Confederacy provide for its ordnance needs during the Civil War?

answer

It used munitions captured on the battlefield. It made munitions in government-owned factories. It imported munitions from Europe. It bought munitions from private firms.

question

What was the most important factor in Abraham Lincoln's 1864 reelection victory?

answer

Atlanta fell to Union forces in September 1864.

question

What did the National Bank Act of 1863 do?

answer

It established criteria by which a bank could get a federal charter and issue national bank notes.

question

The Emancipation Proclamation

answer

freed slaves only in areas under Confederate control but not in areas that remained loyal.

question

Besides providing some soldiers, what was the primary benefit of Union and Confederate conscription laws?

answer

They encouraged men to volunteer for military service.

question

Which Union city experience a violent draft riot in 1863?

answer

New York City

question

Why was Vicksburg so important to the Confederacy?

answer

It allowed trade and communication between Confederate states on either side of the Mississippi River.

question

Originally developed by General Winfield Scott and later adopted by General Ulysses S. Grant, the Anaconda Strategy advocated

answer

constant pressure on Southern forces by controlling the Mississippi River and blockading the coast.

question

Who was exempted from conscription during the Civil War?

answer

Northerners who paid the government $300

question

Which of the following is an accurate generalization about health and sanitation at the Civil War battlefront?

answer

Although the ratio of disease to battle deaths was much better than during the Mexican War, two-thirds of deaths came from disease rather than battle wounds.

question

How did the Trent affair almost trigger a war between the United States and Great Britain?

answer

The Union navy seized a ship carrying Confederate diplomats going to Great Britain and France.

question

The Battle of Antietam in September 1862

answer

encouraged Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

question

What happened to consumer prices during the Civil War?

answer

The North had an inflation rate of 80%, while the South had an inflation rate of 9,000%.

question

Black soldiers in the Union army

answer

typically assigned to labor detachments or garrison duty and were therefore less likely to be killed in action.

question

Of all the methods the northern and southern governments used to finance the war, which was the most effective in raising revenue?

answer

Printing paper money

question

Which of the following statements concerning the Battle of Shiloh is not correct?

answer

Grant and Sherman won a great victory with relatively few casualties.

question

How did the clash between the Virginia and the Monitor in March 1862 revolutionize naval warfare?

answer

It marked the first battle between ironclad ships.

question

The development of the rifle was important because it

answer

forced generals to rely less on cavalry.

question

At the First Battle of Bull Run (or Manassas),

answer

amateur armies on both sides fought a bloody battle with confederate forces ultimately prevailing.

question

Which group of battles is correctly identified as Union or Confederate victories?

answer

Union victories: Antietam, Gettysburg, and Vicksburg

question

Why was the Union more politically cohesive than the Confederacy?

answer

The presence of a vocal and politically powerful opposition in the North forced the Republicans to unite behind their leader.

question

Which of the following statements concerning conscription in the Civil War is true?

answer

It was instituted first by the Confederacy.

question

What was the economic status of most people in antebellum America?

answer

Bankurpt

question

What unintended consequence did the Embargo Act of 1807 produce?

answer

It stimulated merchants to invest their capital into domestic factories.

question

Which political theory postulates that the Union is a compact among the states and that a state has the right to override a federal law?

answer

Nullification

question

The Force Bill authorized President Jackson to

answer

use arms to collect customs duties in South Carolina.

question

Which sect believed that Jesus was not divine but merely an exemplary human being?

answer

Unitarians

question

Who won the 1840 presidential election?

answer

William H. Harrison

question

Which section of the country tended to oppose tariffs?

answer

The South

question

What was the dispute in the 1830s Nullification Crisis?

answer

South Carolina argued that a state had the right to override a federally-enacted tariff.

question

Isaac Singer transformed American society by

answer

patenting a practical sewing machine that allowed for the mass production of textiles.

question

What medical development greatly advanced the image of surgeons and the success of health care in the decades before the Civil War?

answer

Development of anesthesia

question

Who was the most popular dramatist in antebellum America?

answer

Edwin Forrest

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