Organic final – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| Aufbau |
answer
| The lowest energy orbital is filled first |
question
| Pauli exclusion principal |
answer
| Each orbital can accommodate a max of 2 electrons that have opposite spins |
question
| Hund's rule |
answer
| Dealing with degenerate orbitals such as p orbitals one election is placed in each degenerate orbital first, before electrons are paired up |
question
| Sigma bond |
answer
| Overlap of 1s orbital. All sigma bonds are sigma bonds |
question
| VSEPR |
answer
| VAlence shell electron pair repulsion theory. Electrons are as far away from each other as possible. |
question
| Steric number |
answer
| In order to predict the geometry of a small compound, small compound, we focus on the central atom and count the number of sigma bonds AND lone pairs. The total is the steric number. |
question
| If steric number is 4 |
answer
| Must use 4 orbitals - sp3 hybridized. Tetrahedral. (if no lone pairs=tetrahedral) if one lone pair= trigonometry pyramidal. (two lone pairs--bent) |
question
| Steric number 3 |
answer
| Sp2 hybridized ( double bonds) if one lone pair it's bent, if none then it's trigonal planar |
question
| Steric number 2 |
answer
| Sp hybridized. linear. |
question
| Double bonds are |
answer
| Sp2. has 2 bonding interactions, 1 sigma and 1 pi bond. |
question
| Triple bonds are |
answer
| Sp. Has three bonding interactions, one sigma and two pi bonds. |
question
| Each molecuele on the end of a sigma bonds |
answer
| Own 1 of the electrons |
question
| Difference in electronegativity values less than .5 |
answer
| Covalent bond |
question
| Difference in electronegativity values between .5 and 1.7 |
answer
| Polar covalent |
question
| Difference in electronegativity values greater than 1.7 |
answer
| Ionic bond |
question
| Dipole dipole interactions |
answer
| Electronegativity difference between atoms in a molecule. Attraction between molecules results in an elevated melting and boiling point |
question
| Hydrogen bonding |
answer
| Protic compounds- proton connected to an electronegative atom. More hydrogen bonds- higher boiling point |
question
| Fleeting dipole dipole interactions |
answer
| Hydrocarbons- boiling point increases with molecular weight |
question
| Brancing of hydrocarbons |
answer
| Cause decrease in boiling point. |
question
| Carbocations |
answer
| Sp2 |
question
| Bronsed lowery acid/ base |
answer
| Proton donor/ proton acceptor |
question
| High pka |
answer
| Weak acid |
question
| Vinylic |
answer
| The atoms bearing double bonds |
question
| Allylic |
answer
| Adjacent to double bonds |
question
| Eclipsed conformation |
answer
| Highest in energy |
question
| Staggered |
answer
| Lowest energy conformation |
question
| Anti conformation |
answer
| Less steric hendrance |
question
| Gauche |
answer
| Overlap |
question
| Diastereomers |
answer
| Sterioisomers that are not mirror images of one another (ex cis and trans) |
question
| Meso compounds |
answer
| 2 chiral centers on adjacent Cs, ALWAYS RS |
