Test Questions on Chapter 6 – Chemistry – Flashcards
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| Periodic Table |
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| very useful for understanding and predicting properties of elements and probably the most important tool in chemistry |
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| Dimitri Mendeleev |
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| most responsible for the periodic table |
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| Dimitri Mendeleev |
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| a russian chemist and teacher in 1869 published a periodic table |
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| 1. In order of increasing atomic mass 2. In horizontal groups containing elements with similar properties |
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| How was Mandeleev's periodic table arranged? |
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| elements with similar properties could be placed in the same groups |
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| Why did Mandeleev leave empty spaces in his periodic table? |
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| gallium and germanium |
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| in 1875 and 1886 what two elements were discovered which filled two empty spaces in the table? |
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| 1. in order of increasing atomic number 2. in vertical groups with elements of similar properties |
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| How are elements arranged in the modern periodic table? |
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| Periodic Law |
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| State that when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number there is a periodic repition of physical and chemical properties |
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| metals, nonmetals, metalloids |
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| In the periodic table what are the three classes of elements that divide the table? |
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| metals |
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| good conductors of heat and electricity |
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| metals |
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| are ductile (can be drawn into wires) |
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| metals |
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| are malleable (can be hammered into thin sheets) |
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| metals |
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| are solids at room temperature |
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| Hg (mercury) |
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| what metal instead of being solid at room temperature is a liquid at room temperature? |
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| nonmetals |
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| are in the upper right corner of the periodic table |
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| nonmetals |
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| tend to properties oppisite to metals |
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| nonmetal |
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| green grass |
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| nonmetal |
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| blue liquid |
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| nonmetal |
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| black solid |
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| metalloids |
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| have properties similar to metals and nonmetals |
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| alluminum |
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| which element is considered to be a metal not a metalloid |
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| the phase at room temperature and if it is found in nature or not |
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| What does the color of the symbol on the periodic table represent? |
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| 1. Noble Gas 2. Representatie Elements 3. Transition metals 4. Inner transition metals |
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| What are the 4 catagories elements can be classified in according to electron configuration? |
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| Nobel Gas |
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| Group 8a |
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| nobel gas |
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| have their outermost s or p sublevels filled |
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| noble gas |
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| do not participate in many chemical reactions |
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| Representative Elements |
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| Group 1a-7a |
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| representative elements |
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| have their outermost s or p sublevels partially filled |
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| representative elements |
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| display a wide range of physical and chemical properties |
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| alkali metals |
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| what is group 1a called in the representative elements? |
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| alkali earth metals |
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| what is group 2a called in the represenative elements? |
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| halogens |
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| what is group 7a called in representative elements? |
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| 1a= 1 electron in the highest occupied energy level 2a= 2 electrons 7a= 7 electrons |
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| transition metals |
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| b groups |
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| transition metals |
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| their outermost s and neraby d sublevels contain electrons |
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| transition metals |
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| are characterized by the presence of electrons in d orbitals, made up of the d block |
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| inner transition metals |
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| Their outermost s and nerby f sublevels contain electrons |
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| inner transition metals |
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| are characterized by the presence of electrons in f orbitals, make up the f block |
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| block diagram of periodic table |
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| consists of 4 blocks: s,p,d,f blocks and each block corresponds to a sublevel being filled with electrons |
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| atomic radius |
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| cannot be determined directly from a single atom because an atom does not have a sharply defined boundary |
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| atomic radius |
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| is one half of the distance between of the nuclei of two like atoms which are joined and is measured in picometers |
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| atomic radius |
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| 1pm x 10 neagtive 12 |
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| atomic radius |
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| increase as you go down a group and decrease as you move from left to right across a period |
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| it has equal numbers of protons and electrons |
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| why is an atom electrically neutral |
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| ion |
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| an atom or groups of atoms that have a positive or negative charge |
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| cations (positive) |
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| atoms of metals usually tend to form what ions by loosing one or more electron? |
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| anions (negative) |
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| atoms of nonmetals tend to form what ions by gaining one or more electrons? |
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| ionization energy (I.E) |
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| energy required to remove electrons from a gaseous atom |
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| First Ionization Energy |
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| decreases as you go down a group because the size of the atom increases and increases as you move from left to right in a period because the size of the atom increases |
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| smaller |
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| cations are always what than the neutral ions on which they are formed |
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| larger |
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| anions are usually what then the neutral atoms by which they were formed |
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| ion size |
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| increases as you go down a group and decreases as you move from left to right across a period |
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| electronegativity |
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| is the ability of an atom in a compound to attract electrons |
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| electronegativity |
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| decreases as yu move down a group and increases as you move from right to left in a period (representative elements) |
