Ch. 1 – Flashcard Test Answers
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In the past 100 years, the major causes of death have shifted from ___ to ___.
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infectious diseases; heart disease
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With regard to one's health, which one of the following elements is most within an individual's control?
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behavior
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The belief in one's ability to be successful in the performance of a given task is termed
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self- efficacy.
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The treatment considered to be the most effective against current-day health threats is
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prevention.
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The behavior one identifies for change is called
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target behavior.
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A comparison survey of Americans smokers and non-smokers found that
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non-smokers reported fewer days of sadness.
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The average life span in the twentieth century
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nearly doubled.
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Part of a successful plan to change an unhealthy behavior is to
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start small.
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Optimism, trust, and self-confidence are components of
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emotional wellness.
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Which of the following is a positive social influence on health behaviors?
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supportive friends
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The first step in improving wellness by lifestyle management is to
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begin with a self-assessment.
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The following are all environmental factors, EXCEPT the
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genetic makeup in your body.
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The order in which a behavior change strategy is implemented is
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monitor behavior, analyze data, set goals, devise a plan of action, make contract.
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The six dimensions of wellness
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are interrelated.
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A goal of Healthy People 2020 is to
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eliminate health disparities among Americans.
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The complete set of genetic material in an individual's cells is referred to as her or his
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genome.
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Donna is about 25 pounds overweight, has tried a variety of diets, and has repeatedly failed to maintain weight loss. She defends her weight with the explanation that almost all of her relatives are overweight, and none has ever been successful with attempts to lose weight. Donna can best be described as
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having an external locus of control.
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Protecting yourself from exposure to toxic substances in the workplace is an example of promoting ____________ wellness.
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environmental.
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The top three causes of death among Americans age 15 to 24 are
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accidents, homicide, and suicide.
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The branch of the autonomic nervous system that slows down the body as it recovers from exposure to a stressor is the _______________ nervous system.
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parasympathetic
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Which of the following nervous systems manages John's moves as he participates in a spinning exercise class?
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somatic
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The majority of migraine sufferers are
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women.
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Which one of the following is a stressor?
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bad grade
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The long-term wear and tear of the stress response has been termed
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the allostatic load
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The primary determinant of the health consequences of stress is
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how the individual responds to the stress.
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Peak concentrations of the levels of stress hormones in the bloodstream occur
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during the final stages of sleep.
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Homeostasis
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is a state of normal "housekeeping" functions.
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Because watching television is usually a "time sink" while you are on a deadline, it is wise to
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avoid turning on the television.
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Stress has been found to contribute to which of the following psychological problems?
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PTSD, eating disorders, depression
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Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding exercise and its ability to help manage stress?
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Exercise reduces energy levels.
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Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding a high allostatic load?
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A high allostatic load is linked with physical wellness.
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All of these are considered counterproductive coping strategies, EXCEPT
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use of a multivitamin.
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The autonomic nervous system controls all the following, EXCEPT the
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ability to write.
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Which of the following systems are responsible for your body's physical response to stressors?
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nervous and endocrine
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Tom is very anxious about an upcoming exam. He has no appetite, is easily distracted, and has a headache. In what stage of the general adaptation syndrome is Tom?
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alarm
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Progressive relaxation techniques
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involve tensing and then relaxing the muscles in your body.
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The system of glands, tissues, and cells that helps control body functions by releasing hormones is the
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endocrine system.
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Eustress
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is stress that is triggered by something pleasant.
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Which one of the following is a cognitive technique for stress management?
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thinking constructively.
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A delusion is
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a firmly held, false belief
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The model of human nature that emphasizes behavior as a complex system hidden by active defenses is the _______________ model.
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psychodynamic
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Religious belief
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promotes psychological health for some individuals.
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Fear of public speaking is actually a
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fear of being observed by others.
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College students can typically find inexpensive mental health care through
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support groups, psych/education departments, on-campus counseling centers
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Which of the following phrases is the best description of normality?
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what most people do
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An example of an obsession is
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concern of contracting syphilis from a handshake.
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Which of the following is a characteristic of depression?
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loss of pleasure in doing formerly pleasurable things
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Which of the following mental health professionals is a licensed physician?
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psychiatrist
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A condition that causes the sufferer to fear future threats, pushing out all other thoughts, is called
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generalized anxiety disorder
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Which of the following statements is TRUE of schizophrenia?
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Schizophrenics can be logical in their thinking.
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Our early identity models are most likely to be
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parents
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A psychological defense by which unacceptable feelings are transferred from one event or person to a less threatening one is
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displacement
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Which of the following statements is an example of negative self-talk?
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"I won the speech contest, but only because none of the other speakers was very good."
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The model of human nature that emphasizes the effects of ideas on behaviors and feelings is the _______________ model.
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cognitive
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A person who expects failure and accepts it as deserved is called a(n)
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pessimist
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A part of assertiveness is characterized most by
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honest communication
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According to Maslow, basic human needs are ranked in the following order as they DECREASE in urgency:
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physiological needs, safety, being loved, maintaining self-esteem, self-actualization.
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Which of the following is a social phobia?
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fear of embarrassment
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The most widely used illegal drug in the United States is
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marijuana.
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Perhaps the most well-known medication for drug abuse is
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methadone.
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A potent preparation made from the thick resin that exudes from the bud leaves of marijuana is known as
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hashish
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Which of the following has been linked to ephedrine use?
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stroke, seizures, heart arrhythmia
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Which of the following drugs is NOT a hallucinogen?
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methadone
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When Tomas does not drink alcohol, he experiences tremors and shaking. He is experiencing
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withdrawal
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Central nervous system depressants are also known as
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sedative-hypnotics
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Amphetamines can do all of the following, EXCEPT
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improve complex thinking.
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The effects of cocaine are felt in
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about 10 seconds if inhaled
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Which of the following drugs is NOT an opioid?
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gamma hydroxybutyrate
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Caffeine use
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counters fatigue.
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All of the following are characteristics associated with addictive behavior, EXCEPT
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improved control.
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The contemporary term for what was formerly called addiction is now referred to as
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dependence.
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John, who is 14 years old, is somewhat small for his age and is often teased by his peers. He has recently become involved with a new peer group that is known to use alcohol and marijuana. What factor has probably had the most influence on John's decision to become involved with drugs?
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peer acceptance
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Carl is a junior in college. Over the last 12 months, he has spent his weekends drinking alcohol and playing poker. He does not drink on weekdays but occasionally uses "speed" if it is available to stay awake during the all-night poker games. He then takes Valium so that he can sleep during the day and be rested for the next night's game. Carl's friends are worried that Carl is hooked on drugs and that he can't stop, but Carl claims that he has no problem with his drug use. Carl boasts that he can drink more beer now than he could when he first came to college without becoming as intoxicated or having a hangover the next day. He dismisses the risks associated with mixing alcohol with other drugs like Valium, stating that only people who don't know what they are doing have problems. Carl attends his classes, although he has been missing the early Monday class and his overall grade-point average has dropped this semester. Carl is showing signs of
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alcohol tolerance
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A shy person who drinks several alcoholic beverages at a party and becomes very loud and social is experiencing the effects of
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intoxication
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Which of the following individuals would NOT be considered as having a higher-than-average risk for trying illicit drugs?
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All of the above would be considered as having a higher-than-average risk for trying illicit drugs
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Which drug is most closely associated with flashbacks?
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LSD
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Carl is a junior in college. Over the last 12 months, he has spent his weekends drinking alcohol and playing poker. He does not drink on weekdays but occasionally uses "speed" if it is available to stay awake during the all-night poker games. He then takes Valium so that he can sleep during the day and be rested for the next night's game. Carl's friends are worried that Carl is hooked on drugs and that he can't stop, but Carl claims that he has no problem with his drug use. Carl boasts that he can drink more beer now than he could when he first came to college without becoming as intoxicated or having a hangover the next day. He dismisses the risks associated with mixing alcohol with other drugs like Valium, stating that only people who don't know what they are doing have problems. Carl attends his classes, although he has been missing the early Monday class and his overall grade-point average has dropped this semester. Carl's biggest health risk from his current pattern of drug use is
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respiratory disease
