Psychology 181 Unit 2 Practice Questions – Flashcards
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_______Receive information from other neurons;_______ transmit information to other neurons.
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Dendrites;axons
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Leonard's mother became dehydrated during a recent illness, and the levels of sodium in her body were significantly reduced. If enough sodium was lost you might expect that...
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Fewer action potentials would occur in her nervous system
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Action Potentials
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generated in an all-or-none fashion
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Fiona puts her hands into a sinkful of lukewarm water, Luke puts his hands into a sinkful of ice cold water. Based on what is known about neural transmission you could predict that the action potentials will...
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Travel more quickly in Luke's system because the stimulus is more intense.
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Neurotransmitters are stored in...
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Synaptic vessicles
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An electric potential that increases the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will fire is called an
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excitatory postsynaptic potential
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Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps through which neurotransmitters progress during synaptic transmission
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synthesis, release, binding, inactivation, reuptake.
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When a neurotransmitter is released, but it does not fit into a suitable receptor channel on the postsynaptic neuron...
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The firing potential of the postsynaptic neuron will not be affected.
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A family of chemicals produced in the body that resemble the opiated are the
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endorphins
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Which of the following has been implicated in pain alleviation
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endorphins
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Nerves outside the skull and spine comprise the
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peripheral nervous system
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Ian has been in a coma since he was in a serious car accident. He is still on medical life support because he is unable to breather and his heart will not beat without assistance. It is likely that the accident caused damage to Ian's
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Medulla
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Edmund was walking down a dark street when he heard a car backfire. His heart started to race and he began to perspire in response to this sudden, startling noise. These physical reactions were triggered by Edmund's
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sympathetic nervous system
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Robyn has just eaten a full meal and is now relaxing. Robyn's ________ is in primary control at this time
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Parasympathetic nervous system
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Brenda was startled when a large shadow unexpectedly passed across her living room window. When she realized that it was just a cloud passing in front of the full moon her racing heart began to slow down, and her blood pressure started to return to normal. These physical reactions were triggered by Brenda's
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Parasympathetic nervous system (When relaxed) Sympathetic nervous system (When stressed)
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Jonathon took some medication for his flu symptons. Later, Jonathon began to feel a little faint because medication caused his heart to beat more slowly and his blood pressure to fall. It is likely that the medication increased activity in Jonathon's
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
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The central nervous system consists of
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The brain and the spinal cord
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If a person has a brain tumor that results in a disruption of his/her eating behavior, which of the following areas is most likely the location of the tumor?
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Hypothalamus
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Imagine that you have stumbled across a secret laboratory where an evil scientist is conducting unauthorized brain research. By altering brain structures he has created superheroes who have specialized powers or abilities. One of these superheroes is absolutely fearless and willing to undertake extremely dangerous missions. In this case, the brain structure that the scientist most likely altered would be
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The amygdala
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Gilbert suffered a stroke, and even though he has recovered many functions, he finds he is still relatively insensitive to pain signals from his right leg. In this case, it is likely that Gilbert's stroke affected his
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Left parietal lobe
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Damage to the temporal lobe of the brain would probably be MOST harmful to the career of
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a musician
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Zoe has a small brain tumor that is pressing on areas in her right frontal lobe. You would most likely suspect that Zoe will experience difficulties
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Moving some portions of the left side of her boyd.
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The amount of motor cortex devoted to each body area is determined by
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the diversity of movements of the body area
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People who suffer damage to the _______ often show deficits in attention, planning, and getting organized.
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Prefrontal cortex
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The area of the frontal lobe that plays an important role in the production of speech is called
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Broca's area
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Zeke has no problem misunderstanding what other people say to him, but he has difficulty producing spoken language. If Zeke's problem stems from damage to the cerebral cortex, the damage would most likely be in
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An area known at Broca's area
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Surgically disconnecting the cerebral hemispheres has its origins in the treatment of
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Epileptics
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If the left hemisphere of the brain were damaged, which part of the body would be most directly affected?
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the right half
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Because the speech center is generally located in the left hemisphere of the brain, a split-brain patient is unable to describe stimuli that are
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Seen in the left visual field
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In both split-brain people and neurologically intact people, the left hemisphere specializes in
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Verbal Processing
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Which of the following is LEAST associated with left hemisphere functioning?
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Musical recognition
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The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
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Color
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The primary visual cortex is located in the
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occipital lobes
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If you project a red, a green, and a blue light into space, the point at which the three lights cross will lead to the perception of
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White light
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The perception associated with the amplitude of a sound wave is
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loudness
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The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the
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Cochlea
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if you stare at a red light for a while, what will happen when you divert your eyes away?
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You'll see a green after image.
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Light is transduced into electrical signals in the _______ by the photoreceptors that are called _______ and _______
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Retina; Rods; Cones
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Laura successfully sees 11 lumens of light 50% of the time. Therefore, 11 lumens represents her ___________ for light detection
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absolute threshold
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Why don't we adapt to static visual scenes?
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They are always moving because the eyes are constantly moving them
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The process of converting physical stimuli into electrical signals is called
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Tansduction
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You know that a fire engine is coming from one particular side of your would because
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Our brain relies on sound amplitude and time differences in the arrival of compression waves.
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What item predicts pain blunting according to the Gate Control Theory?
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Being stressed
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Chronic exposure to high amplitude sound waves likely causes deafness by
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damaging hair cells.
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A beginning reader relies on ________ processing, while an advanced reader relies on _______ processing.
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Bottom up; Top down
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Food generally tastes bland when you have a severe head cold because
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flavor is influenced by smell as well as taste, and with a reduced sense of smell your sense of taste will be diminished
