Question 1

Which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking?  A) a family therapist illustrating parenting skills  B) a professor explaining the elements of an atom  C) a lawyer arguing for the acquittal of her client  D) an executive assistant clarifying copyright laws

Accepted Answer

C) a lawyer arguing for the acquittal of her client

Question 2

True or false: Because persuasion aims to change the beliefs or actions of listeners, speaking to persuade is one of the few cases in which a speaker does not need to consider her or his ethical obligations.

Accepted Answer

false

Question 3

The ____________ audience is the portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade.

Accepted Answer

target

Question 4

True or false: Concentrating on the target audience means that a persuasive speaker can ignore the rest of the audience.

Accepted Answer

false

Question 5

\"To persuade my audience that eating yogurt prolongs human life\" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of ____________.

Accepted Answer

fact

Question 6

True or false: A persuasive speech on a question of fact is essentially the same as an informative speech.

Accepted Answer

false

Question 7

\"To persuade my audience that discrimination on the basis of marital status is unfair\" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of ___________.

Accepted Answer

value

Question 8

Persuasive speeches on questions of value are usually organized in __________

Accepted Answer

topical order.

Question 9

Whenever you give a persuasive speech on a question of value, you need to ___________________.

Accepted Answer

justify your value judgment against a set of standards or criteria.

Question 10

A question of ____________ deals with whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken.

Accepted Answer

policy

Question 11

True or false: \"To persuade my audience that Congress should revise the laws governing medical malpractice\" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 12

In a persuasive speech to gain ____________, the speaker\'s goal is to convince the audience that a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audience to take action in support of that policy.

Accepted Answer

passive agreement

Question 13

True or false: \"To persuade my audience to become regular blood donors\" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech seeking passive agreement.

Accepted Answer

false

Question 14

What method of organization is used in a persuasive speech with the following main points? I. Fraudulent charity fund-raising has become a widespread problem. II. The problem can be solved by a combination of government initiative and individual awareness.

Accepted Answer

problem-solution order

Question 15

____________ is a five-step method of speech organization that follows the process of human thinking and leads the listener step by step to a desired action.

Accepted Answer

Monroe\'s motivated sequence

Question 16

Which of the following is the third step in Monroe\'s motivated sequence?  A) action  B) satisfaction  C) visualization  D) need

Accepted Answer

B) satisfaction

Question 17

In the visualization step of Monroe\'s motivated sequence, the speaker ___________________.

Accepted Answer

visualizes the benefits of the speaker\'s solution to the problem.

Question 18

True or false: Monroe\'s motivated sequence is most useful for speeches that seek immediate action.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 19

When using Monroe\'s motivated sequence to organize a persuasive speech on a question of policy, the action step should be placed in the __________________.

Accepted Answer

conclusion

Question 20

What method of organization is used in a persuasive speech with the following main points? I. The problem of eating disorders affects more than four million Americans. II. The causes of eating disorders include peer pressure, fad diets, and the media\'s glamorization of thinness. III. An effective solution to eating disorders must address all three of these causes.

Accepted Answer

problem-cause-solution

Question 21

Regardless of whether your aim is to encourage passive agreement or immediate action, you must deal with three basic issues whenever you discuss a question of policy. What are they?

Accepted Answer

need, plan, and practicality

Question 22

Which of the following statements is most clearly directed at the need issue in a persuasive speech on a question of policy?  A) One part of the solution is to have our state require training for all employees of tanning salons.  B) Tanning beds can cause serious medical problems, including eye burns, blood vessel injuries, and skin cancer.  C) Because this solution has worked in other states where it has been adopted, we can be confident that it will work here.  D) Another part of the solution is to require licensing for all employees at tanning salons.

Accepted Answer

B) Tanning beds can cause serious medical problems, including eye burns, blood vessel injuries, and skin cancer.

Question 23

Which of the following statements is most clearly directed at the practicality issue in a persuasive speech on a question of policy?  A) One part of the solution is to have our state require training for all employees of tanning salons.  B) Tanning beds can cause serious medical problems, including eye burns, blood vessel injuries, and skin cancer.  C) Because this solution has worked in other states where it has been adopted, we can be confident that it will work here.  D) Another part of the solution is to require licensing for all employees at tanning salons.

Accepted Answer

C) Because this solution has worked in other states where it has been adopted, we can be confident that it will work here.

Question 24

What does the textbook mean when it says that a persuasive speech is a kind of mental dialogue between the speaker and the audience? Why is it important for you to keep this mental dialogue in mind when you prepare a persuasive speech?

Accepted Answer

Listeners do not passively soak in everything a speaker says. Rather, they engage in a mental give-and-take with the speaker. They actively assess the speaker\'s credibility, delivery, supporting materials, language, reasoning, and emotional appeals. They argue with the speaker inside their heads.   As a speaker, you need to anticipate the possible objections listeners might raise to your point of view. After anticipating possible objections, you must answer them in your speech. You cannot persuade skeptical listeners unless you deal directly with the reasons for their skepticism.

Question 25

Why is persuasive speaking more complex than speaking to inform?

Accepted Answer

Persuasive speaking is more complex than speaking to inform because a persuasive speech must address the audience\'s attitudes, values, and beliefs. Audience analysis and adaptation are much more demanding in persuasive speeches--especially those that deal with controversial topics. It is much easier, for example, to inform an audience about the history of the income tax than to convince it that the U.S. ought to adopt a flat tax in place of a progressive tax.

Question 26

____________ is the audience\'s perception of how believable a speaker is.

Accepted Answer

Credibility

Question 27

A speaker\'s credibility is affected above all by how the audience regards the speaker\'s ________________.

Accepted Answer

competence and character

Question 28

____________ is the name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as credibility.

Accepted Answer

Ethos

Question 29

Strong evidence can  A) enhance a speaker\'s credibility.  B) increase the persuasiveness of a speech.  C) inoculate listeners against counter persuasion.  D) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

D) all the above

Question 30

True or false: No matter what kind of evidence you employ, it will be more persuasive if you state it in specific rather than general terms.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 31

True or false: Evidence is more likely to be persuasive if it is familiar to the audience.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 32

True or false: Pathos is the word Aristotle used to refer to a speaker\'s logical appeal.

Accepted Answer

false

Question 33

What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? Over the past few years, there have been a number of cases of academic fraud in men\'s college basketball programs. We can conclude, therefore, that academic fraud is a widespread problem in men\'s college basketball.

Accepted Answer

reasoning from specific instances

Question 34

What error in reasoning is exemplified in the following statement? I watched a Taiwanese film in class last week, and it was extremely violent. When I mentioned this to my friend, she said that she, too, had seen a violent Taiwanese film. Apparently all Taiwanese films are violent.

Accepted Answer

hasty generalization

Question 35

True or false: Reasoning from principle involves moving from a specific principle to a general conclusion.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 36

What error in reasoning is exemplified in the following statement? I usually eat spaghetti for dinner the day before an exam, but I ran out of spaghetti the night before the calculus final. That\'s why I got a C.

Accepted Answer

false cause

Question 37

True or false:The fallacy of false cause is often known by its Latin name, post hoc, ergo propter hoc

Accepted Answer

true

Question 38

What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement? Because the crime-reduction policy I propose has worked successfully in New York, Houston, and New Orleans, we can be confident that it will work here as well.

Accepted Answer

analogical reasoning

Question 39

According to your textbook, the most important question to ask when assessing analogical reasoning is whether  A) the analogy creates a logical dilemma.  B) the two cases being compared are essentially alike.  C) the analogical effect is caused by a third variable.  D) the minor premise needs to be supported.

Accepted Answer

the two cases being compared are essentially alike

Question 40

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? Either we install metal detectors in the city schools or we just let the problem of school violence continue to grow.

Accepted Answer

either-or

Question 41

The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? How can we take my opponent\'s proposed education bill seriously? After all, he flunked out of high school.

Accepted Answer

ad hominem

Question 42

The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? As we have seen, the trend is for companies to reduce long-term research and development costs in order to increase short-term profits. Since so many companies are doing this, it must make good business sense.

Accepted Answer

bandwagon

Question 43

The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? How can we be so concerned about ethics in political campaigns when there are serious problems in the long-term stability of Social Security?

Accepted Answer

red herring

Question 44

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of which type of fallacy? Once we accept money from soft-drink companies for exclusive rights to sell their products in our high schools, it won\'t be long until businesses are deciding what courses should be taught and what teachers should be hired.

Accepted Answer

slippery slope

Question 45

True or false:Emotional appeal is often necessary when a speaker is trying to move an audience to action.

Accepted Answer

true

Question 46

True or false: In persuasive speaking, it is usually appropriate to substitute emotional appeals for evidence and reasoning

Accepted Answer

false

Question 47

Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to generate emotional appeal in a persuasive speech?  A) Use more denotative language to create an emotional response.  B) Let emotional appeal grow naturally out of the speech content.  C) Modify your body language to give your ideas emotional impact.  D) All of the above.

Accepted Answer

Let emotional appeal grow naturally out of the speech content.

Question 48

Identify and define the three types of credibility discussed in your textbook.

Accepted Answer

The three types of credibility are initial, derived, and terminal. Initial credibility is the credibility of the speaker before she or he starts to speak. Derived credibility is produced by everything the speaker says during the speech itself. Terminal credibility is the credibility of the speaker at the end of the speech.

Question 49

What are three strategies discussed in your textbook for generating emotional appeal in a persuasive speech?

Accepted Answer

Use emotional language. Develop vivid examples. Speak with sincerity and conviction.

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