America before Columbus RMS Colgan – Flashcards

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question
What was the main source of food for the Europeans before Columbus discovered the Americas?
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Grains - wheat, rye, barley and oats
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What food plant was responsible for creating large civilizations in North America? Hint: The Mississippians
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Corn (maize)
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What food plant was responsible for creating a large civilization in Andes Mountains of South America? Hint: The Incas
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Potatoes
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Who were mound builders and where were they located?
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Native Mississippians - from the Great Lakes in north to Florida in the south
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What domesticated animal did the Incas have?
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Llamas
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What did the people along the Amazon River do to the land there?
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Cleared the jungle to create farms for food
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Who were the Anasazi?
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Native Americans who lived in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico
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What do scientists think happened to the Anasazi?
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They ran out of trees and food
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How did the Native Americans "manage" the land before the Europeans arrived?
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They burned the plains and prairies (tall dry grass) so good green grass would grow in its place. This brought the animals closer for hunting.
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What killed off the fish in the rivers and lakes of Europe?
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The water got muddy from farming, which killed many of the fish. They also built dams so fish could not come into the rivers from the ocean to lay their eggs.
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Who helped make the demand for fish in Europe so huge by not allowing people to eat meat 100 days each year?
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Catholic Church
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What did the people in Venice, Italy use wood for?
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They used it to build a city on top of the water
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Why did the Europeans need new land?
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Cities were overcrowded and they were also running out of wood and fish
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What would Spain gain with a shortcut to India?
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Trade for the goods they wanted (like spices and fabric)
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What were the "big five" domesticated animals in Europe?
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Horses, cattle, goats, pigs, and sheep
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What was the first animal the Europeans brought to the Americas?
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the horse
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What happened to the horses brought to the Americas?
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They reproduced rapidly and spread all over the continent
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question
Why were pigs a curse to the new world
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They ate the seeds planted by the natives and destroyed crops
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Who did Pizarro destroy within 40 years?
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the Incas
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Who did Cortez destroy in the same time period as Pizarro?
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the Aztecs and the Mayans
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What other curse did the Europeans bring?
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Sickness and diseases like small pox and measles
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What disease did the Americans send back to Europe?
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Syphillis
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question
What was the first English settlement in North America?
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Jamestown, Virginia
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Explain how the British changed the landscape of North America.
answer
They cut down the forests to make farms to grow grains; they over-fished the lakes and rivers; they brought domesticated animals (cows, pigs, sheep) that replaced the native animals
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question
What was the name for the "exchange" of plants and animals between the New World (the Americas) and the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa)?
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The Columbian Exchange
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What became the largest export crop in the early years of North America?
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Apples
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What was the ONLY animal brought to Europe from the Americas?
answer
Turkeys
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What vegetable brought to Europe from America caused a population explosion?
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the potato
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What two crops were brought from Europe to America to be grown and shipped back for the rich people of Europe?
answer
Tobacco and sugar
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What "cultural" change happened as a result of the huge plantations created in America?
answer
Slavery came to America - captured Africans
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