Psy. Chapter 2 – Flashcards
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A thermostat is to a house as the _____ is to the brain.
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Hypothalamus
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The _____ is the neural system between the hemispheres and the older parts of the brain that is linked to emotions and basic motivations.
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Limbic system
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The _____ is to sensory input as an old-fashioned switchboard was to telephone calls.
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Thalamus
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The _____ is to sensory input as the registrar's office is to a college campus.
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Thalamus
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nerve cell
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neuron
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neural impulse
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action potential
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level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
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threshold
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chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons
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neurotransmitters
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natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure
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endorphins
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the brain and spinal cord
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central nervous system
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sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system to the rest of theboyd
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Peripheral nervous system
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neurons that carry outgoing info from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands
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sensory neurons
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neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
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interneurons
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the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the bodes skeletal muscles
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somatic nervous system
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the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs
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autonomic nervous system
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the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
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sympathetic nervous system
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the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy
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parasympathetic nervous system
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the bodes slow chemical communication system
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endocrine system
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tissue destruction
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lesion
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amplified recording of waves of electrical activity in brain
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EEG
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visual display of brain activity, uses glucose
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PET
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uses magnetic fields and radio waves
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MRI
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shows the function and bloodflow of brain
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fMRI
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base of the brainstem, controls heartbeat and breathing
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medulla
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oldest part of central core of the brain
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brainstem
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brains sensory switchboard, top of brainstem, directs messages
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thalamus
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nerve network, controls awakeness
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reticular formation
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controls movement
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cerebellum
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neural system, associated with emotions and drives
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limbic system
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linked to emotion, road rage
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Amygdala
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body temperature, maintenance
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hypothalamus
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cells in nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons
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glial cells
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front of forehead, speaking, decision making
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frontal lobes
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top of head toward rear; receives sensory input for touch and body position
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parietal lobes
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back of head; areas that receive info from visual fields
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occipital lobes
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by ears; auditory areas
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temporal lobes
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front of parietal lobes, registers and processes body touch and movement sensations
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sensory cortez
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areas not involved in primary motor or sensory functions
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association areas
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brains ability to change
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plasticity
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formation of new neurons
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neurogenesis
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large band of neural fibers connecting brain hemispheres
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corpus callosum
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condition resulting fro surgery isolates brains two hemispheres
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split brain
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Botox injections smooth facial wrinkles because botulin is a(n)
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ACh antagonist
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Depressed mood states are linked to ________ levels of serotonin and ________ levels of norepinephrine.
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low low
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The release of epinephrine and norepinephrine ________ blood pressure and _______ blood sugar levels.
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raises raises
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Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in speaking?
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Frontal
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