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Shy Glance

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this painting and Self portrait represent the different skills and our perspective towards these works of art. They differ a lot in skill, but they capture different aspects and emotions.

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art criticism

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refers to making discriminating judgements, both favorable and unfavorable.

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formal theories

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focus attention on the composition of the work and how it may have been influenced by other works. look carefully at how the work is made. generally believe that the most important influence on a work is other work that the artist may have seen or studied. value innovation in style above all. always want to know when the work was done. value stylistic novelty because they believe that art can be important source of visual refreshment.

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contextual theories

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environmental factor of art which consider art as the product of a culture and value system. look at environmental influences on the art. the economic system, the cultural values, and event he politics.

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expressive theories

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pay attention to the artist's expression of a personality or worldview. Who made it? Who is she or he? look for personal meanings, deep psychological insight or profound human concern.

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Pieta

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formal perspective: innovative in brushwork, immediate predecessor's were Raphael, Michelangelo and da Vince. he made the brushwork more painterly, emptiness in the center of the painting, very bold at the time Contextual theories: this was painted for a church in venice, during this time however, there have been a plague epidemic. morality and grief take place in this painting. there is a symbol of death, but also it's a depiction of dead Christ sympathizing with those who lost a relative to the epidemic. Expressive theories: Titian (artist) painted this in the last year of his life somber reflection on death expresses the artist's own morality.Artist is the guy in the red himself, brushwork is loose and expressive, casting away any restraints and painting freely.

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Cubism

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20th century art movement, reprsented subject as flattenned geometric shapes.

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simultaneous contrasts

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Formal perspective: the shapes do not overlap like other Cubists paintings, instead they fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. she used shading to create each zone., innovative and rejects a third dimension. contextual theories: tells us little about its time. refers to an optical theory that was studied during those days, he way one color influences how we see the neighboring one. artists also had a clothing line, and her painting fueled her innovative clothing line Expressive theories: artist's ebullient personality. Her bright palette and color represents her native Ukraine.

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horn players

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formal per: he created it using techniques he learned fro graffiti. division into 3 vertical panels, he held the work together despite the division. created a knowing balance between order and disorder. contextual theories: Basquiat admired leaders of the jazz movement, the work was a homage to them (musicians), on far left Charlie Parker is depicted and has his ear cut off referring to van Gough who also had his ear cut off, referring that both men were cut off of their prime. meaning they died young. affirmed the importance of african american musical movement Expressive Theories: personal style was intense and intent, painting comes together like a three verse song. artists explores personal history and sharing with viewers people that were important to him.

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Evaluating art with words

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1. Get the facts. Name, size, subject, medium and location 2. Analyze: see how all the parts fit together. 3. Evauluate, is it innovative? does it move your feelings, what function will the work fulfill.

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censorship

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the alteration of or removal of works from public view. Can be carried out for religious, moral, or political reasons, when civil authorities decides the artist's freedom is not important. practiced a long time ago. Even Michelangelo's art was removed because they were naked. Nazis also didn't support abstract art.

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Henry Moore

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Drawings provide us with a glimpse of what was happening inside tube shelters during the German bombing. It allowed us to see what was happening because camera couldn't shoot down there yet. professional necessity

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sketchbooks

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the value of sketchbooks, and artists like da Vince and Guillermo used sketch books to illustrate different proportions. Carrot art thing

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Van Gogh

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the carpenter, he earned how to see and paint through the practice of drawing. he drew attention to detail. two years later he drew another picture that could better portray the old man's grief.

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Geurnica

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Picasso did a lot of work and sketching to prepare for this painting, the evolution of hti important work. It took time to draw and map out this piece of work.

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cartoon

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another type of prepatory drawing, a full sized drawing made as a guide for a large work in another medium, particulary ina fresco painting, mosiac or tapestry

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Fresco

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usually a full size cartoon is drawn out, like a sketch. Used my renaissance painters, famous is Diego Rivera

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hatchings

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artists usually use parallel lines to suggest shadows or volumes. parallel lines are placed to darken the value of an area

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cross hatching

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Charles White "Preacher" used to build up the figure's mass and gesture in a forceful manner.

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contour hatching

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feeling of sculptural mass. adds to the drawings dramatic impact.

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Preacher

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by Charles White, different hatching techniques were used to create implied depth and mass in this drawing to add to the drawing dramatic impact.

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tooth

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a quality of roughness or surface grain that gives textures to drawings. This was done on toothy paper

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drawing media

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charcoal, Conte, crayon, pastel. Most pencils are graphite.

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hardness

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softer pencils have darker lines, harder pencils have softer lines.

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Boccioni

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used a variety of tools to create this piece, such as shading. Charcoal could be easily blurred or smudged. He used a variety of tools and techniques for this piece.

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fixative

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something to set the charcoal, can be fixed. sprayed to help seal the charcoal from smudging. Charcoal produces a wide range of light to dark values from soft grays to deep velvety blacks.

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Web

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____ #5. He covered the sheet in black charcoal and then drew out the web, letting only the white part show.

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conte

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____ crayon is made from graphite mixed with clay and pressed into sticks. it can produce varied lines and can resist smudging more than charcoal. artists don't use kids crayon because they are too waxy and difficult to obtain bright colors

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L'Echo

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Seurat used Conte crayon to build up the illusion of 3d form using chiascurro and lots of lines. but he blended it really well.

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pastels

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hace characteristics similiar to chalk. they have very little binding material because there is no drying needed, no change in color. soft pastels do not allow much for detail, force user to work bodly. Edgar degas blended paints and pastels in this piece. usually used on color paper

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soft

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_______ pastels. Venetian portraits showed sensitivity through this work. This work resembles an oil painting becuase of her soft strokes. this effect is promoted by smooth paper.

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washes

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a thin transparent layer of paint or ink. Ink thinned with water. 19th century, Hokusai made expressive elegant lines with extreme control with his brushes. he used thin lines and spontaneous strokes to create this. tuning the samisen

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caligraphy

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art of beautiful writing, flowing of the line and use of thick and thin. waterbased black ink wells.

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Guaoche

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opaque type of watercolor. Rembrandt used a lot of liquic media to sketch out his paintings. he used parallel hatching and he lightened previous paintings with this technique.

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cartoons

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Earliest _______ was called Little Nemo in Slumberland. narrates a child's fantastic dream. featured in most early newspapers.

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graphic novels

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content of comic was more serious, example persepolis

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comic

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became prevalent in 1960's after cencorship was enforced. sequential form of drawing

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Persepolis

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most succesful for national distribution, stroy of girl who grew up in a progressive familt in Tehran, Iran. in the iranian revolution. Showed her love for her country but also uneasiness under the new regime. "iran is my mother, whether crazy or not, I will die for her". She thought it was more powerful to convey her idea through pictures and words, not just choose one.

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rubbings

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#334 Drawing, she rubbed highly textured surfaces. She went all over NY and cement lined LA to and colored over things with a piece of white paper. eerie beauty to it.

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technology

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drawing with _________________ drawing on an Ipad. New medium. new change. made by hockney, you can tell it's made by hand.

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painting

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abstract _______ drawing but with paint. Abstract painting, he invented landscape suggests rugged forms, large brushstroke of thickly applied oil paint contrast the smooth gradiation in the sky.

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pigment

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provides color, usually in the form of a very fine powder. some of the most purest brilliant forms of color are in pigment powders. this painting is the pigment painting the painting, she allowed the wind to blow onto the blue surface. ground minerals and dried plant juices are common ingredients. a record of this moment in time

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binder

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sticky substance that holds pigments together and attatches pigments to the surface, could be oil

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frottage

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layering paper or canvas over a surface, rubbing pencil and chalk over it. developed by realists automatic way to generate imagery

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Rubins

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using graphite drawn paper to cover, and make you feel the paper in the room.

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Muniz

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makes soldier with toy soldiers, pushing and putting together of preexisting things.

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McGee

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how you show your artists

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tempera

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egg yolk binder, traditional. highly developed in the middle ages. had to be painted on wooden panels. very matte. not shiny, lots of details. lighten as it drys. difficult to rework. had to be planned beforehand.

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vehicle

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liquid used to thin paint turpentine is used in traditional oil paint. watercolors is water

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support

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a structure to hold the paint, wood panels, stretched canvases, and paper are common supports

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size

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a sealing, to lessen their absorpivity qualities and to smooth them by filling in the pores. generally made from liquid clay, wax, or glue. wood and canvas requires this.

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primer

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usually white, in order to create a uniform surface, creates ground for the painting.

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watercolor

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pigments mixed with water as a vehicle and hum arabic as a binder. most common support today is rag paper made from cotton rag. most profesh ones are sold in tubes. basically a staining technique. good for catching quick impressions. The gondala painting describes the moment on the boat. /,'.a

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opaque

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nontranslucent watercolor is sometimes added for details. Also called gouache. has been widely used for centuries.

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gouache

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common in middle European ages. and in traditional persian art. resembles watercolor excepry that the behicles includes small amounts of fine chalk powder. popular because it was low cost. brilliant saturated paintings

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Frescoe

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popular in Renaissance, used in murals, painting is embedded into the wall. wall and paint dry together. soaks into wall. traced on large paper then drawn on walls. you have to work quickly. lime in plaster becomes the binder.

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diego rivera

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his work was used in public spaces, he did lots of murals in 1920's - 30's. He did public social programs, and he was paid for his art. Detroit industry was to tell a story of american cars. he was happy that his art was more public. his Man at Crossroads, caused a lot of controversy because Lenin was in it

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encaustic

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was known to the ancient Greeks and flourished in Egypt. suspended pigments from beeswax. wax is binder and vehicle. colors are saturated and it looks like oil paint.

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gesso

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the preffered ground for egg tempura, base for tempura. a chalky water based liquid that dries to a brilliant white. egg tempura is good for achieving sharp lines

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oil

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favorite medium for centuries, linseed oil, walnuts, poppyseed. Linseed pressed with flax plant. on wood panels covered with smooth layers of gesso. has a slower drying time, better

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glaze

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a very thin transparent film of color applied over a previously painted surface. oil colors selected for their transparency are diluted with a mixture of oil and varnish, allow light to pass through and reflect from lower paint layers.

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impasto

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when oil paint is applied thickly. thick abstract different style and texture

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direct painting

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when a work is painted wet onto wet and compelted at one sitting. you can see the paint

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acrylic

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binder is acrylic polymer. a synthetic resin that provides a fast drying flexible film. The vehicle is water, high degree of intensity. rapid drying time. newest type of paint. modern paint style solid saturated color

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contemporary

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________ approaches how artist changed applications "poor drip spray and even shoot painting" incorporating different materials. Jackson Pollock, just poured paint, famous for experimenting. Schapiro used craft materials in painting, elevating status of crafts, the use of cool collags. Wangchu Mutu collage and paintings different mediums. Thorpe

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airbrushes

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spray paint, used to apply acrylics, oil and other types of paint. controlled mist of vertical paint. grafitti artists

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print making

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_____________ ________________ describes a variety of techniques developed to create multiple copies od a single image. prints are series of identical pieces usually printed on paper

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matrix

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prints are made on these, usually wood, metal, or stone.

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edition

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the printing of groups of images from the same matrix. nearly all prints are numbered to indicate the total numbers of prints pulled or printed.

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progressive

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___________ proofs made by the artist throuhgout the printmaking process, to see how the image on the matrix is developing

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artists

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___________ proof, when a satisfactory stage is reached the artists. artists makes a few prints for his or her record and personal use. marked AP

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printing

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came from China, people were printing pictures, they invented the movable type. it was developed in Europe to meet demands for religious icons. why people print? they get to make multiple copies, and it is less expensive so taht their work can be purchased by a wider range. They may want to influence social cause. easy to distribute. they could actually like the process of printing

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relief

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_______ print, like rubber stamps, fingerprints, wet tire, cuts away all parts of the printing surface not meant to carry ink, leaving design in the level of the original surface. surfac einked then transferred

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woodcuts

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oldest form of printing, type of relief print. lends intseld to deisgns with bold black and white contrats, usually soft wood is used. flurished in japan, they were the preffered art form of the middle class because they were cheaper to make. subject included japanese nightlife, landscapes and erotic pics. good example of high level printing of woodblocks

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post

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______________ impressionist highly influenced by japanese woodcuts

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registered

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when woodblocks are carefully lined up to ensure tat colors will be exactly placed in the final print when using multiple woodblocks. very different from Hiroshige's expressive of an old man's face. emotional intesnity of german printmaking. the japanese pic not this

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wood engraving

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related method that is usually used in book illustrations. artists uses very dense wood set on end rather than sideways, hardness of wood requires metal tools. Rockwell Kent, fine detail allows for illusion of density

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linoleum cut

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or linocut, modern development of relief printing, start with rubbery synthetic surface. gauge out area not intended to take ink, softer than wood. no grain. easy to cut in any direction. The tire art

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intaglio

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printing is the opposite of relief painting. area below the surface holds ink. to cut into. image is to be printed or etched into metal surface, daub plate with printer ink and leave ink in only eatched or grooved places. then a damp piece of paper is pressed on top.

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engraving

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artists cuts lines into the polished surface of a metal plate. takes strength and control. darker areas need cross ahtching, fine lines define masses , shape, space, and volume. our money is also this!!

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burin

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engraving tool

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drypoint

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similiar to line engraving, using a pointed tool with steel or diamond tip. scratches lines int soft copper of zinc plates

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burr

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the desplaced metal in drypoint leaves this, or called rough edge. similar to the row of soil left by a plow. it catches ink andwhen printed it leaves a blurred line.usually really difficult

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etching

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artists paints surface of copper or zinc with wax or varnish. then artists draws with a thin tool, exposing the metal.then plate immersed in nitric acidacid bites the palte, exposed with metal, this is usually more relaxed, less precision. hatching with skillfull lighting.

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aquatint

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etching process used to obtain gray areas in black and white or color prints. artists sprinkle acid resistant powder on the plate to make a gray tone. varies from light and dark

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lithography

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also called: planographic. perfected in 19th century. surface planogrpahic painting. basedon mutual antipathy of oil and water. when you make a design on stone, and based on natural oil and water. hard to distinguish from crayon. stones can be reused. major impact because prints could be immediately produced, and it spread through newspapers, and posters.

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tusche

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litho pencils or greasy liquid. surface is damped with water then inked, ink adheres to the greasy area of the image. Used on fine grain limestone.

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innovative

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____________ Lithographer, used bright colors. most innovative use of lithography. modern compositions influenced by graphic designers.

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offset

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most books are printed this way today with a version of lithography, each page is burned onto a metal lithographic plate and then inked, but the ink is first transferred. onto a rubber cylinder before printing on paper. gives uniform ink depth across an entire printing

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stencil

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a sheet with a design cut out of it, painting or spraying over the sheet transfers designs to the picture plane. they are quick way to make lettering or repeated designs on walls. favored method of street artists who communicate political messages.

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screenprinting

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also known as silkscreen or serigraphy. a refinement of the technique of stencil printing. imporved by adhering the stencil to a screen made of silk fabric stretched across a frame with a rubber edged tool called a squeegee. ink is pushed through the fabric in the open areas. of the stencil on the material being printed. well suited for mass production, without loss of quality. poster production. this work is protest to pesticides.

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photo

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______ screen. latest development is the photographic stencil. acheived by attatching light sensitive gelatin to the screen fabric.

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exile

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took screenprinting and stenciling to a limit. jaged blue paper and yellow stenciling. lithograph, screen printing, with collage and pastel

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approaches

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contemporary _______________ experimental printmaking, different mediumss. Mr.Terrific satirzing self imporvement.

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Kitsch

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snowgobes, cheap art, word to describe something that looks obviously mass produced, cheap figurines

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photography

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light writing, can be practical or anartform. photographer must think about composition, angle, focus, distance, and light.

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camera obscura

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dark room, the photographer used sunlight though a small hole in the wall, of a darkened room. you could trace the image. photography discovered when people realized certain chemicals were sensitive to light.

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gaquerrotypes

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early photographic process, developed by Louis Dag. which required a treated metal plate this plate is exposed to light. and there are chemical reactions on the plate creating the first photo. first pic taken in paris, man having his shoe shined was first person to get photographed.

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Niepce

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first vague photograph, recorded by exposing sesitized metal to light for 8 hours.

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portrait

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_______ used to be only for the rich to have them painted, now most can afford to have picture taken. Julia Cameron was first great _______ photographer. she pioneered closeups and carefully controlled lighting, crafter her exposure, to allow enough light in. two little girls

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art

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________ through photography. people relutcant to accept as art. early crusader was Alfred Stieglitz. control and excercising control over photos. said the photographers could be jsut as skilled as painters. capturing everyday life,and poetry and the beauty of life. it was kind of an abstract art form

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Bresson

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cartier __________ capturing a decisive moment and the beauty in life.

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Fading Away

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a very staged photogrpah by Henry Peach Robinson. Tried to very significant because this guy was very vocal about telling people photography was art. controversial to how he approached photography

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Man Ray

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innovative photography raynograph, placed objects on light sensitive paper. burning in images with light. he set objects on a surface under a light. Abstarct

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jacob riis

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social change with photography, showing the slums of NYC. drew public attention towards the poor.

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Social change

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Margaret white introduced a photo essay. photographs from a single subject arranged to tell a story. Louisville flood victims. iconic images from the great depression

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environmentalists

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show the environment. need for sonservation yosemite, showing grandeur of nature soft mist beauty.

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color

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photography, kodak invented it. kind of looked down upon. very brilliant, conviced people to accept this color photo.

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movements

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3 kinds: 1. movement of objects within a shot, how people are moving throughout the scene 2. movement toward and away from action 3. movement created by a sequence of shots, how long or how it's edited or put together.

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cinematography

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art of photography and camera work. created because of flip books. Ex: horse in motion

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shot

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each piece of film photograph in a continuous running of the camera

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