Chapter 18 Foreign Policy – Flashcards
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Foreign policy
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A nation's external goals and the techiniques and strategies used to achieve them
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Diplomacy
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The process by which states carry on political relations with each other; settling conflicts among nations by peaceful means
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Economic Aid
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Assistance to other nations in the form of grants, loans, or credits to buy the assisting nation's products
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Technical Assistance
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The practice of sending experts in such areas as agriculture, engineering, or business to aid other nations
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Foreign Policy Process
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The steps by which foreign policy goals are decided and acted on
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National Security Policy
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Foreign and domestic policy designed to protect the nation's independence and political and economic integrity; policy that is concerned with the saftey and defense of the nation
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Defense Policy
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A subset of national security policies having to do with the U.S. armed forces
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Moral Idealism
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A philosophy that sees nations as normally willing to cooperate and to agree on moral standards for conduct
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Political Realism
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A philosophy that sees each nation as acting principally in its own interest
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Monroe Doctrine
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A policy statement made by President James Monroe in 1823, which set out three principles: 1) European nations should not establish new colonies in the Western Hemisphere; 2) European nations should not intervene in the affairs of independent nations of the Western Hemisphere; and 3) the United States would not interfere in the affairs of European nations
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Isolationist Foreign Policy
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A policy abstaining from an active role in international affairs or alliances, which characterized U.S. foreign policy toward Europe during most of the 1800s
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Soviet Bloc
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The Soviet Union and the Easter European countries that installed communist regimes after World War II and were dominated by the Soviet Union
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Cold War
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The ideological, political, and economic confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union following World War II
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Iron Curtain
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The term used to describe the division of Europe between the Soviet bloc and the West; coined by WInston Churchill
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Containment
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A U.S. diplomatic policy adopted by the Truman administartion to contain communist power within its existing boundaries
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Truman Doctrine
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The policy adopted by President Harry Truman in 1947 to halt communist expansion in southeastern Europe
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Detente
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A french word meaning a relaxation of tensions. The term characterized U.S Soviet relations as they developed under President Richard Nixon and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger
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Stratgic Arms Limitation Treaty
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A treaty between the U.S> and the Soviet Union to stabilize the nuclear arms competition between the two countries. SALT I talks began in 1969, and agreements were signed on May 26, 1972
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Normal Trade Relations (NTR) Status
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A status granted through an international treaty by which each member nation must treat other members at least as well as it treats the country that recieves its most favorable treatment. This status was formerly known as most-favored-nation status
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Negative Constituents
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Citizens who openly oppose the government's policy
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Intelligence Community
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The government agencies that gather information about the capabilities and intentions of foreign governments or that engage in covert actions
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Attentive Public
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That portion of the general public that pays attention to policy issues
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Miliatry-Industrial Complex
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The mutally beneficial relationship between the armed forcs and defense contractors
