question

What was one result of Louis XIV's 1685 revocation of the Edict of Nantes?

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B. The creation of a highly educated and influential opposition group willing to express its criticism of monarchical absolutism in writin

question

What was the Atlantic system?

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B. A web of trade routes that bound together western Europe, Africa, and the Americas and became the hub of European expansion throughout the world

question

Plantations in the New World can best be described as

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C. large tracts of land owned by colonial settlers from western Europe that were farmed by slave labor and produced staple crops.

question

Which of the following goods played an essential role in the Atlantic economy and the expansion of European consumer society?

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C. Sugar

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What lasting impact did the slave trade and the plantation system have on Europe?

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C. They permanently altered consumption patterns for ordinary people.

question

Children of Spanish men and Indian women were called

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A. mestizos.

question

After some two hundred years of tolerating and even supporting piracy, why did the English and Dutch governments suddenly try to stamp it out around 1700?

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D. Dutch, and French bands of sailors began to form associations of pirates, especially in the Caribbean, that preyed indiscriminately on shipping lines of every national origin.

question

Why was European contact with China so limited in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?

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B. The Chinese distrusted the European merchants and allowed them to trade only in the city of Canton.

question

The population explosion that took place in Europe around the turn of the eighteenth century can be attributed to

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C. a decline in the death rate thanks to better weather, improved agricultural techniques, and the disappearance of the plague.

question

Which of the following was a consequence of the early-eighteenth-century consumer revolution in Europe?

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B. The demand for consumer goods such as housewares rose dramatically as ordinary people gained more disposable income, leading to job creation.

question

What factors contributed to Britain's agricultural revolution in the 1700s?

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A. The selective breeding of animals, the planting of fodder crops, and an increase in the amount of land under cultivation.

question

What controversial agricultural practice in England that eliminated community grazing rights normally required an act of Parliament?

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C. Enclosure

question

What sorts of professions made up the developing urban middle classes of the eighteenth century?

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B. Government officials, merchants, professionals, and small landowners

question

Why did clothing develop special importance in eighteenth-century cities?

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C. Clothing became a reliable indicator of people's social status and occupation, further distinguishing the social classes.

question

In which regions was widespread literacy among the lower classes first achieved?

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D. The urban middle classes

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Who were the main consumers of the new upsurge in books, pamphlets, and periodicals in the eighteenth century?

answer

A. The urban middle classes

question

Which of the following is true of the seventeenth-century Protestant revival known as Pietism, which became popular in the German Lutheran states, the Dutch Republic, and Scandinavia?

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C. It encouraged a deeply emotional, even ecstatic religious experience as well as participation in daily catechism instruction and frequent prayer meetings.

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The peace treaties that ended the War of the Spanish Succession set forth what condition for Philip, grandson of Louis XIV, to be confirmed as king of Spain?

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D. Philip had to renounce any future claim to the French throne.

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What steps did the duke of Orléans (1674-1723), regent to Louis XV, take to shore up France's crumbling finances?

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C. He founded a state bank to help the government service its debt, only to see the bank crash within a few months in the wake of a speculative bubble

question

Following the deaths of William and Mary and their successor, Anne (Mary's sister), the English turned to which dynastic house for their next ruler, King George I (r. 1714-1727)?

answer

B. The German house of Hanover

question

In the Act of Union of 1707, Scottish Protestant leaders abolished the Scottish Parliament and agreed to obey the Parliament of Great Britain

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A. because they feared the threat of Jacobitism in Scotland.

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What steps did England take to reduce Catholic Ireland to the status of a British colony in the wake of the Jacobite uprising of 1689?

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D. England confiscated Catholic lands and imposed laws limiting the rights of Catholics, including their right to bear arms, educate their children, and participate in politics.

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Although in Britain's constitutional system the monarch ruled with Parliament, power was still contained within a very small elite in the eighteenth century. What was the reason for this?

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B. Only a few hundred thousand propertied men could vote, and most members of Parliament came from the landed gentry.

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How did the Dutch respond to their decline in international affairs and manufacturing during the eighteenth century?

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C. Only a few hundred thousand propertied men could vote, and most members of Parliament came from the landed gentry.

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. How did the Russian tsar Peter the Great's imposition of the Table of Ranks in 1722 affect Russian society?

answer

A. It divided the Russian nobility into compulsory military, administrative, and judicial service categories.

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What was one of the most significant steps in Peter the Great's project to Westernize Russia?

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D. Founding new technical and scientific schools for elites that were run by Western officials

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In seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe, doctors viewed insanity not as an emotional ailment but as a physical one caused by

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A. an imbalance of bodily humors.

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What did critics of the Enlightenment find so dangerous about the new intellectual movement?

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D. Its proponents discouraged formal education by placing enormous value on the self-taught individual.

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How did the French government respond to Voltaire's Letters Concerning the English Nation, published in the early 1730s?

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C. The state called for his execution

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Why was the Enlightenment a key historical moment in the discussion of the "woman question" in European society?

answer

B. Feminist ideas were presented systematically for the first time, representing a fundamental challenge to traditional ways of society.

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