question

In the studies that deprived animals of early visual input, why did the visual cortex fail to develop? A. The animals were too young for visual cortex development. B. Plasticity is not found in the visual cortex. C;) Sufficient stimulation was not received within the critical developmental period, D. The eyes stopped functioning, so no information was received in the visual cortex.

answer

C

question

Many soldiers returning from the war in Iraq have suffered from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, your friend from high school who has returned from a protracted active deployment seems to be coping well even though he had some truly horrible experiences. I low might you explain this difference with regard to the biological and environmental contributions to behavior'? A. Your friend may not have a genetic susceptibility for PTSD. B. Environment is not an important factor in deter-ruining behavior, C. Soldiers' experiences in Iraq really are not as bad as people say. D. Your friend inherited a genetic predisposition to PTSD.

answer

A

question

Your text reviews three general developments in biology that have helped fuel the development of psychological science. Which of the following is NOT among these developments? A. brain scan methods that allow scientists to watch a working brain B. mapping the human genome C. developments in the understanding of brain chemistry D evolutionary evidence that proves that the mind developed from the brain

answer

d

question

When researchers collect enough data to develop an explanation of why people behave as they do, the researchers are creating a(n): A. theory B. generalization C. experiment D. hypothesis

answer

A

question

Which of the following structures is important for experiencing reward'? A.nucleus accumbens of the basal ganglia C. nucleus accumbens of the cerebral cortex B. frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex D, frontal lobe of the basal ganglia

answer

A

question

This type of study can be described as a "study of studies": A. experiment B. meta-analysis C, case studies D. correlational study

answer

B

question

Which of the following statements is true of theories in science? A. Good theories lead to a number of testable hypotheses. B. A good hypothesis will support a number of difTerent theories. C. Good theories are likely to be supported by research findings, D. Both A and C are true.

answer

A

question

Which of the following sequences reflects the order in a signal generally A. dendrite, axon, cell body, terminal buttons B. dendrite, soma, axon, terminal buttons C. terminal buttons, axon, cell body, dendrite D. cell body, dendrite, axon, terminal buttons

answer

B

question

According to the structuralists, the goal of psychology is to: A. identify the purposes of our behavior and mental processes B. uncover the unconscious determinants of behavior C. focus on observable behavior itself D. identify the elements of conscious experience

answer

D

question

The nodes of Ranvier are: A. receptor sites on dendrites B. myehnated portions of an axon C.The bulblike endings of axons D. unmyelinated portions of an axon

answer

D

question

The central nervous system (CNS) consists of: A. the spinal cord B. the brain C. both A and B D. none of the above

answer

C

question

Functionalism has been criticized because it: A. did not include elements of the nature/nurture debate B.sometimes lacked scientific rigor C. did not take into account the way children process information D. focused on narrow parts of problems rather than on the whole

answer

B

question

Typically, it takes about a 100 mV depolarization change to produce an action potential. Which of the following should result in an action potential? A. inhibitory signals equaling approximately 1 10 mV B. excitatory signals equaling 75 m V plus inhibitory signals equaling 25 m V C. inhibitory signals equaling 75 m V plus excitatory signals equaling 25 m V D. excitatory signals equaling 1 10 mV

answer

D

question

Which of the following is NOT part of the temporal lobe? A. Wernicke's area B, fusiform face area C. primary auditory cortex D. nucleus accumbens

answer

D

question

The mean, median, and mode are all examples of: A.measures of central tendency B, correlational measures C. types of variability D. inferential statistics

answer

A

question

If the difference between two groups is statistically significant, it suggests that: A, the researcher has to use descriptive statistics to test for the validity of the results B. the data show low levels of systematic error C. there is a positive correlation among the data D. if the experiment were repeated, the same results would likely occur

answer

D

question

Roberto's grandmother is suffering from Alzheimer's disease. What might you expect is happening in her brain with regard to neurotransmitters? A, there is diminished acetylcholine. B. there is an overproduction of acetylcholine. C. There is too much curare in her system. D. There is an excess of receptors for the available neurotransmitter.

answer

A

question

Data collection is particularly problematic when a researcher uses participant observation because: A, the researcher fails to recognize the third variable problem B. the researcher loses objectivity in participating with a group C. the researcher is able to make use of only closed-ended questions D, random error occurs in the initial stages of observation

answer

B

question

The function of interneurons is to communicate: A. between the brain and sensory neurons B. between the brain and the spinal cord C. within a neural circuit D.outside of the brain

answer

C

question

The spinal cord is part of the _______ nervous system A. central B.sensory C. peripheral D. somatic

answer

C

question

The idea that the mind and body are separate but intertwined describes the viewpoint of: A. introspection B. structuralism C. dualism D. none of the above

answer

C

question

Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the school of functionalism? A. Sigmund Freud B. B. F. Skinner C. Wilhelm Wundt D. William James

answer

D

question

In the nervous system, each neuron communicates with: A.many other neurons in an organized network B. one or two other neurons C. a random subset of the other neurons in the nervous system D. all the other neurons in the nervous system

answer

A

question

In which city did Wilhelm Wundt open the first psychological laboratory? A. Leipzig, Germany B. Oxford, England C. Vienna, Austria D, Krakow, Poland

answer

A

question

If you touch something hot, ____neurons—often called ____ neurons-send the signal to the spinal cord, A. sensory; efferent B, motor; efferent C. motor, afferent D. sensory; afferent

answer

D

question

If a researcher finds that a participant produces very different scores on a task each time the participant engages in that task, a researcher can conclude that: A. the data will show no central tendency B. there will be a need to use inferential statistics C. the measurements show a high level of' random error D. the measurements arc probably valid but not reliable

answer

C

question

Which of the following structures is most likely to control basic survival functions? A. amygdala B. thalamus C. pons D. hippocampus

answer

C

question

Which of the following activities would NOT be considered a descriptive study? A. examining the effects of a new medication in alleviating depression B. counting the number of mating behaviors in baboons in the natural habitat C. taking notes on the behavior of members in a cult D. measuring the selection of food items in a cafeteria

answer

A

question

Propagation of the action potential occurs: A. between neurons at the synapse B. along the axon at the nodes of Ranvier C. along the dendrites at the nodes of Ranvier D. on the cell body

answer

B

question

With respect to the mind/body problem, which of the following alternatives best captures the view of dualism held by contemporary psychological scientists? A. While many psychological scientists accept dualism, a growing minority reject the view. B. Most psychological scientists accept dualism. C. While many psychological scientists reject dualism, a growing minority promote a return to dualism. D. Most psychological scientists reject dualism.

answer

D

question

When researchers document that a phenomenon is real by repeating a study done by another scientist, they are engaging in: A. correlational research B. replication C. meta-analysis D. experience sampling

answer

B

question

The theories of Sigmund Freud and his followers: A. emphasize the concept that the whole is different than the sum of its parts B. are based on the idea that much of human behavior is determined by mental processes operating below the level of conscious awareness C. state that behavior can be altered by the application of reinforcement and punishment D. emphasize the functions served by the mind

answer

B

question

Dr. Alvarez studies how the degeneration of certain components of nerve cells in the brain might contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis. Dr. Alvarez's work best exemplifies the ______ sub-field of psychology. A. developmental B. cognitive C. biological D.experimental

answer

C

question

Critical thinking is best defined as thinking that: A. is open-minded and creative B. criticizes others' opinions C. uses inferences but does not solve problems D. is systematic and reasonable

answer

D

question

Who first proposed that psychology should be a science of observation and experimentation in order to discover the laws of the mind? A. John Locke B. John Stuart Mill C. Hermann von Helmholtz D. René Descartes

answer

B

question

Thara's roommate has been complaining about having a "pinched nerve" from moving some furniture. is she likely referring to as a nerve? A, a neuron that connects to the pain center in her spine B. a neuron that is part of her spinal cord C. a bundle of axons from some nerves in her back D. a single axon from a portion of her back to her spinal cord

answer

C

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of deception in psychological research? A. It is no longer permissible in psychological research. B.It is occasionally necessary to safeguard the validity of the research. C.It is integral to the conduct of scientifically valid research. D. It generally decreases the scientific validity of psychological research.

answer

B

question

The nature in the nature/nurture debate refers to: A. biological factors affecting the brain, the mind, and behavior B. behaviors learned in the natural environment but not learned in a formal setting C. environmental factors affecting the brain, the mind, and behavior D. either biological or environmental factors affecting the brain, the mind, and behavior

answer

D

question

With respect to the nature/nurture debate, psychological scientists now believe that: A. nature is the most important factor in understanding the mind, the brain, and behavior B. the mind, the brain, and behavior are largely a matter of nurture C. the issue is largely irrelevant to understanding the mind, the brain, and behavior D. both nature and nurture are important in understanding the mind, the brain, and behavior

answer

D

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the questions behaviorism has attempted to answer? A. Which is more important, nature or nurture? B. How can the unconscious be described by neuroscience? C. Does environment influence behavior? D. How can rewards and punishments influence behavior?

answer

B

question

Which of the following psychologists are most closely associated with humanistic psychology? A. Freud and Jung B. Allporl and Lewin C. Watson and Skinner D.Rogers and Maslow

answer

D

question

Damage to this brain area would have a profound impact on motor learning: A. cerebellum C. brain stem B. cerebral cortex D, Broca's area

answer

A.

question

An institutional review board is likely to conclude that there are no troublesome ethical issues associated with which of the following types of study? A. surveys on topics such as experiences of sexual abuse B. experiments on learning simple lists of words when the experimenter has deceived participants about the purpose of the study C. research in a controlled study in a laboratory D. naturalistic observation of the conditions in which people are likely to litter in public

answer

D

question

Which of the following phenomena would likely be studied by social psychologists? A. which category of perceptual images is most likely to be identified quickly B.the rise of Hitler prior to World War Il and his ability to influence other people's behavior C. how animals and people differ in terms of their sensitivity to reward and punishment D. which neurons are activated when men look at sports pictures versus when women look at the same pictures

answer

B

question

You might think of the pituitary gland as the master gland because it: A. facilitates cognitive mastery of problems B. controls the release of hormones throughout the system C. allows for the mastery of skills D. is in the brain, the master of the body

answer

B

question

A synapse is a: A. signal B. gap C. chemical D. joint

answer

B

question

The area of science that focuses on studying the working brain is called: A. neuroscience B. psychological science C. biological science D. psychobiological science

answer

A

question

Relative to cross-sectional research studies, longitudinal studies are: A. more expensive and take more time B. less expensive, but take more time C. less subject to participants dropping out D. none of the above

answer

A

question

Based on your textbook's definition of psychology, which statement best reflects the relationship between the mind and the brain? A.The brain influences the mind. B. The brain is the same thing as the mind. C. The brain reflects the mind. D. The brain is unrelated to the mind.

answer

A

question

Using a key to open the front door of your house is analogous to the: A. unique chemical structure of a neurotransmitter that fits certain receptor sites B. randomness of neural activation C. activity log that the nervous system maintains D. neurotransmitters that carry a secret code to neurons

answer

A

question

Psychologist Jean Piaget observed children to see how they solved problems, Over the course of studies, he was able to spot general patterns of behavior. This led him to connect different concepts and behaviors within a single: A. hypothesis B. sample C. experiment D. theory

answer

D

question

Your text states that "for many years, psychologists focused on behavior rather than mental states". Why did psychologists tend to neglect the mind during this period? A. The technology necessary to study the mind objectively has become available only recently. B. Psychology does not include the study of the mind. C. Mental states are unrelated to behavior. D. Mental states are inherently subjective.

answer

A

question

Which of the following philosophers is most noted for promoting dualism as an explanation of the mind/body problem? A, Sigmund Freud B. Leonardo da Vinci C. René Descartes D. Hippocrates

answer

C

question

Topics such as visual perception, movement, and learning are studied by _____ psychologists A. biological B. personality C. experimental D. organizational

answer

A

question

Since nicotine increases acetylcholine functioning we can assume it is a(n): A.agonist B. substance that destroys neurons with acetylcholine receptors C. antagonist D. toxin released by neurons that binds to acetylcholine receptors

answer

A

question

Unintended differences between the groups in an experiment may introduce confounds; these differences reflect a condition known as _____ bias. A. selection B. directionality C. sampling D. assignment

answer

A

question

There is a correlation between depression and memory: When people suffer from depression frequently, they often display worse memory than people who suffer from depression less frequently. Genetics, however, may have an effect on a study participant's depression and memory. This combination of factors is known as: A. selection bias B. the third variable problem C. the directionality problem D. the experimenter expectancy effect

answer

B

question

What is the typical outcome for young children who, due to disease or injury, have an entire brain hemisphere removed during a hemispherectomy? A.The remaining hemisphere eventually takes on most of the lost hemisphere's function. B. The children are most likely profoundly cognitively disabled. C. The children will be able to sit, but not walk. D. There is no change in any function immediately after the surgery, due to immediate neural plasticity.

answer

A

question

According to some psychologists, Sigmund Freud's theory of the meaning of dreams was not a successful theory because: A.it did not lead to many testable hypotheses B. it was based on research later shown to be invalid C. he developed the theory from previous ideas D. it was too socially controversial

answer

A

question

A neurotransmitter that is important in muscle contraction is: A. dopamine B. acetylcholine C. norepinephrine D. epinephrine

answer

B

question

The range and standard deviation are examples of: A. correlational measures B. inferential statistics C. types of variability D. measures of central tendency

answer

C

question

Pablo is conducting research and trying to determine whether he should monitor the presence versus the absence of a behavior or how long a behavior occurs. What approach to research is he most likely using? A. self-report method B. experience sampling C. psychophysiological assessment D. observational research

answer

D

question

Anam is studying the intelligence of a group of people as they progress through early adulthood to old age. Her approach should involve: A. cross-sectional research B.longitudinal research C. random assignment D. experimental research

answer

B

question

Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the school of structuralism? A. William James B. Sigmund Freud C. Edward Titchener D. B. F. Skinner

answer

C

question

A young child is referred to Dr. Marco's psychology practice following a severe accident. The child had vision prior to the accident, but because of a blow to the head, she can no longer see. Her eyes are still fully functional. Based on this information, Dr. Marco determines that the brain area most likely damaged in the accident is the: A. temporal lobe B. occipital lobe C. parietal lobe D. frontal lobe

answer

B

question

Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the cognitive revolution? A. William James B. B.F. Skinner C. George Miller D. Sigmund Freud

answer

C

question

If a psychologist's goal is to describe behavior or mental processes, she might conduct a(n) ______ study A. descriptive B. experimental C. correlational D. inferential

answer

A

question

Why is critical thinking important in evaluating psychological research? A. Biology is the most important factor in behavior, and knowing all the elements of the biological causes for behaviors is impossible. B. Researchers deliberately lie about their findings. C. There is always only one clear explanation and the researchers may not have found it. D. There might be significant limitations to the findings.

answer

D

question

Researchers are likely to choose a correlational design when: A. they are using psychophysiological assessments B. they are concerned that there will be a third variable problem C. the directionality problem is likely D. it is impossible to control the variables being studied

answer

D

question

The neurotransmitter _____ is involved in emotional states, dreaming, and impulse control. A. serotonin B. epinephrine C. dopamine D. acetylcholine

answer

A

question

Which of the following developments was most important in the rise of the cognitive approach in psychology? A. the understanding of the effects of reward and punishment on behavior and thinking B. the identification of the unconscious C. the ability to identify different kinds of neurons D. the emergence of computers

answer

D

question

The fact that small samples are less reliable indicators of typical behavior than large samples is associated with the principle of: A. the law of large numbers B. the use of random sampling C. descriptive statistics D. psychophysiological assessment

answer

A

question

The brain stem consists of: A. the midbrain B. the pons C. the medulla D. all of the above

answer

D

question

Something is considered a variable if it: A. has no operational definition B. can be manipulated by an experimenter C. is theoretical rather than concrete D. involves random assignment

answer

B

question

Lassandra takes a sip of cola. "Sweet ... cold, wet, tingly ... slightly bitter," she reports. Lassandra is: A. taking an intelligence test B. suffering a stroke C. introspecting D. interviewing

answer

C

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