question

Attention deficits are common in students with learning disabilities

answer

true

question

An important step in the assessment process is the evaluation for possible vision and hearing problems.

answer

true

question

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the cause(s) of learning disabilities?

answer

Learning disabilities have many possible causes; an exact cause is unknown in most instances.

question

To determine whether or not a student is learning disabled, the eligibility team must consider whether or not the student has had appropriate learning opportunities.

answer

true

question

The most common problem among students who are learning disabled is in the area of

answer

reading

question

A disability in math can be called

answer

dyscalculia.

question

Improvement in oral language can be stimulated by promoting a better self-concept.

answer

true

question

There is no single intervention approach that is effective for all students with learning disabilities.

answer

true

question

Researchers believe that a child must be nine years old before a discrepancy from IQ can be measured reliably.

answer

true

question

Although the exact cause is not known, there is general agreement among professionals that learning disabilities are the result of neurobiological abnormalities or atypical brain development.

answer

true

question

Although learning disabilities are primarily related to academic achievement difficulties, children with these disabilities often exhibit problems in non-academic areas such as social skills, attentiveness, memory, motor skills, and perceptual abilities.

answer

true

question

Thirteen-year-old Deshan remembers that 4 x 8 = 32 by visualizing a door on a gate by a dirty shoe. This is an example of using a

answer

mnemonic strategy

question

________ is the individual given credit for coining the term, "learning disabilities."

answer

Samuel Kirk

question

Which of the following prevalence estimate reflects the percentage of students with learning disabilities in the school-aged population?

answer

approximately 5%

question

Students with learning disabilities comprise what percentage of the disabled student population?

answer

approximately 50%

question

Teaching specific strategies to students with learning disabilities may facilitate students' success.

answer

true

question

Four-year-old Sabrina participates in an innovative preschool program that emphasizes field trips, diverse experiences, and language enrichment. This program is characteristic of which of the following preschool models?

answer

development model

question

Teaching study skills to students with learning disabilities is an important area of concern at the secondary level.

answer

true

question

Teachers sometimes expect less from students from diverse cultural backgrounds and consequently, may view special education as the most appropriate placement for them.

answer

true

question

Disorders included in the most recent definition of learning disabilities include

answer

dyslexia

question

Children with learning disabilities in the area of mathematics may have good ability in mathematical calculations but have significant problems in math reasoning (and vice-versa).

answer

true

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding the placement of preschoolers with learning disabilities?

answer

Individual needs should be met in inclusive settings.

question

Written expression skills include all of the following skills except

answer

listening comprehension.

question

Studies have found that approximately ________ of children identified as learning disabled have primary deficits in the area of reading and related language functions.

answer

80%

question

Most recently, the use of a discrepancy model was replaced by the model referred to as the

answer

response to intervention model.

question

The definition of learning disabilities in IDEA 2004

answer

includes the general definition, disorders included, and disorders not included.

question

The discrepancy model is better to use with culturally and linguistic diverse learners to avoid over-identification.

answer

false

question

Eight-year-old Helen has difficulty accurately interpreting nonverbal gestures used in everyday conversation. This may indicate a deficit in

answer

pragmatics

question

Mr. Summers begins his lesson on subtraction with regrouping by reviewing addition. This is an example of

answer

using prior knowledge

question

Identification of preschool students with learning disabilities is difficult and controversial.

answer

true

question

Language disabilities are relatively uncommon among children with learning disabilities.

answer

false

question

Some children with learning disabilities have strengths in the area of social skills.

answer

true

question

Mnemonic strategies are effective in helping students with learning in which one of the following areas?

answer

memory

question

Nine-year-old Marvin has significant achievement problems, average intellectual ability, and a severe hearing loss. He would not qualify for special education under the category of learning disabilities because

answer

the federal definition of learning disabilities explicitly excludes students whose learning difficulties are primarily the result of disabilities related to hearing and vision.

question

A structured sequential phonics approach has been shown to be very effective in correcting the reading difficulties experienced by many students with learning disabilities.

answer

true

question

Alexandria is a seventh grader who displays inconsistency in task completion, has difficulty reading, and appears unmotivated. One reason why her learning disability may be difficult to identify is

answer

-that she often performs as a "typical" seventh grader. -her inconsistency makes her teacher believe that she does not have a learning disability. -she is able to complete some assignments with little difficulty.

question

Nine-year-old Sean performs well in spelling on some days but not on others. This inconsistency is a common characteristic of individuals with learning disabilities.

answer

true

question

Students with learning disabilities who have poor listening skills are impacted only in the academic setting.

answer

false

question

Twelve-year-old Hannah has difficulty understanding what is said to her. This might be indicative of

answer

a deficit in receptive language.

question

One benefit of response to intervention with preschool students has been

answer

a reduction of the overidentification of minority students.

question

There is current brain imaging research being undertaken that might one day be used to determine the best methods for teaching.

answer

true

question

Possible causes of learning disabilities include all of the following except

answer

the use of pre-natal vitamins.

question

Although learning disabilities are primarily related to academic achievement difficulties, children with these disabilities often exhibit problems in non-academic areas such as social skills, attentiveness, memory, motor skills, and perceptual abilities.

answer

true

question

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding gender differences in the learning disabled population?

answer

More boys are identified as learning disabled.

question

Many students with learning disabilities also have ADHD.

answer

true

question

The multidisciplinary team may not identify a student as having a learning disability if the problems with academic achievement are primarily the result of

answer

-a visual, hearing, or motor disability -mental retardation -emotional disturbance -economic disadvantage

question

Students with learning disabilities are a very homogeneous group of students.

answer

false

question

Eleven-year-old Alicia has experienced significant depression for several years and has difficulty keeping focused on her academic tasks. Therefore, Alicia is probably eligible for special education services under the category of emotional disturbance.

answer

true

question

Research suggests that far more males than females are identified as having emotional and behavioral disorders.

answer

true

question

Fourteen-year-old Eric is rejected by his peers even though he performs very well academically. Therefore, Eric is probably eligible for special education services under the category of emotional disturbance.

answer

false

question

Students with E/BD are

answer

commonly included in general education classrooms, yet to a lesser extent than students with learning disabilities.

question

Reading is a problematic area for most students with emotional and behavioral disorders.

answer

true

question

Antisocial behavior may be caused by dysfunctional family interactions.

answer

true

question

Positive behavior supports theory, or PBS, emphasizes all of the following except

answer

aversive contingencies

question

Definitional problems for emotional/behavioral disorders have been made more difficult do to

answer

-the conceptual models used in the field. -the range and variability of normal and deviant behavior. -the difficultly measuring both emotions and behavior.

question

Most children and youth are occasionally disruptive in school. These behaviors do not necessarily mean that a child has an emotional and behavioral disorder.

answer

true

question

Children and youth with emotional and behavioral disorders are an under-identified population of students.

answer

true

question

Federal law requires that when a student with a disability is being considered for suspension/expulsion, ________ must first be undertaken.

answer

a manifestation determination

question

Fourteen-year-old Alonzo is a gang member. According to Quay and Peterson's (1987) classification system, to which subgroup might Alonzo be assigned?

answer

socialized aggression

question

The most common emotional and behavioral problems seen in today's schools are acting out and disruptive behavior.

answer

true

question

Which of the following is not a major component of the DSM-IV classification system?

answer

Social Maladjustment

question

Which of the following has not been proposed as a cause of emotional and behavioral disorders?

answer

cultural differences

question

Which of the following is not an academic characteristic of students with E/BD?

answer

Have a pattern of overachievement

question

The majority of students with emotional and behavioral disorders are educated in

answer

regular schools

question

Which one of the following statements is false regarding students with emotional and behavioral disorders?

answer

The majority of students identified as having emotional and behavioral disorders are female.

question

Fifteen-year-old Devon appears depressed and excessively withdrawn in school. These behaviors may be indicative of an externalizing disorder.

answer

false

question

The psychiatric classification system most frequently used in the United States to diagnose individuals with emotional and behavioral disorders is the

answer

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

question

Typically, 75% or more of students with emotional and behavioral disorders graduate from high school.

answer

false

question

Which of the following type(s) of medication has(have) been found to be effective with students who have emotional and behavioral disorders?

answer

-stimulants -anticonvulsants -mood-altering drugs -antidepressants

question

Identification of students with emotional and behavioral disorders has been compromised due to

answer

-ambiguity of definitions used by states. - limited training of school psychologists in conducting assessments. -financial limitations of districts. -general professional hesitation to apply the label of behavioral disordered.

question

Eleven-year-old Maria uses profanity frequently. Her teacher has planned a functional behavioral assessment. The purpose of this is to

answer

help teachers better understand the disruptive behaviors leading to better interventions.

question

Methods used to teach social skills include all of the following except

answer

attribution reaffirmation.

question

The primary problem faced by most teachers when dealing with students who have emotional and behavioral disorders is severe depression.

answer

False

question

Federal special education law uses which one of the following terms to describe children and youth with emotional and behavioral disorders?

answer

emotionally disturbed

question

Which of the following best describes the intellectual ability and academic achievement of most students with emotional and behavioral disorders?

answer

Most students with emotional and behavioral disorders score in the below average range in terms of intellectual ability and academic achievement.

question

Students identified with E/BD

answer

are more likely to come from economically disadvantaged backgrounds.

question

Fifteen-year-old Diana has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and is experiencing significant academic problems as a result. Therefore, Diana is probably eligible for special education services under the category of emotional disturbance.

answer

true

question

Sasya is frequently defiant, non-compliant, and is disruptive in the classroom. These behaviors may be indicative of an externalizing disorder.

answer

true

question

Because the problems of students with emotional and behavioral disorders are not primarily academic in nature, the long-term outcomes for students with these disorders are good.

answer

false

question

In Luckasson's et al. (2002) classification system, _______ are used to characterize the needs, rather than the deficits, of an individual with intellectual disabilities.

answer

levels of support

question

Supported education assumes that

answer

students with intellectual disabilities should be maintained in inclusive classroom settings to the maximum degree possible and supported in these locations in order to ensure successful learning.

question

What percentage of the school population nationally is identified as intellectually disabled?

answer

approximately 1%

question

The terms "educable mentally retarded" and "trainable mentally retarded" are considered archaic terms although they are still used in some places today.

answer

true

question

Which of the following is a major component of most definitions of intellectual disabilities?

answer

deficits in adaptive behavior

question

Since the mid-1970s, there has been

answer

a significant decrease in the number of students identified as intellectually disabled.

question

Approximately what percentage of students would be identified as scoring at 2 or more standard deviations below the mean on tests of intelligence?

answer

2-3%

question

Students who are intellectually disabled often have difficulty with short-term memory.

answer

true

question

Recently, the alternative terminology ________ has been used to replace the term "mental retardation."

answer

intellectual disabilities

question

Inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities should include developing not only academic skills, but also social and friendship-making skills.

answer

true

question

In Luckasson's et al. (2002) contemporary definition of intellectual disabilities, adaptive behavior is expressed in

answer

conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills.

question

The key to successfully including students with intellectual disabilities in general education classrooms is providing necessary and appropriate supports.

answer

true

question

Approximately 50% of students identified as intellectually disabled have mild forms of this disability.

answer

true

question

Which of the following is not a learning characteristic of an intellectually disabled student?

answer

good abstract thinking

question

Traditionally, students with intellectual disabilities have been the least likely (among students with disabilities) to be included in general education classrooms.

answer

true

question

Seventeen-year-old Lucy is intellectually disabled. At her IEP and ITP conference, she explains that her long-term goals include living semi-independently and working at a local fast food restaurant. Lucy's team members listen attentively and design a transition IEP that addresses her desires. This is an example of ________.

answer

self-determination.

question

This chromosomal error is of the autosomal type and typically results in intellectual disabilities and excessive eating.

answer

Prader-Willi syndrome

question

"Significantly below average" intelligence is generally defined as below the IQ range of approximately 70.

answer

true

question

There are few known causes of intellectual disabilities.

answer

false

question

The curriculum for students with intellectual disabilities should

answer

be sufficiently broad so as to address productive employment, independence and self-sufficiency, life skills competence, and opportunity to participate successfully within the schools and community.

question

The term "mental retardation" has been criticized for being value-laden.

answer

true

question

There is wide variation across the United States in the number of students identified as intellectually disabled.

answer

true

question

Studies on the long-term outcomes of persons with intellectual disabilities have suggested that

answer

transition services for students with intellectual disabilities have been associated with mixed results in employment and independent living outcomes.

question

Curriculum for students with intellectual disabilities should include a focus on the development of life skills.

answer

true

question

The treatment and perceptions of persons with intellectual disabilities have remained unchanged over the last one hundred years.

answer

false

question

Which of the following is a chromosomal anomaly, also known as Trisomy 21, that often results in intellectual disabilities?

answer

Down syndrome

question

Which of the following is a genetic metabolic disorder associated with problems in processing high protein foods?

answer

Phenylketonuria

question

The developmental period component that is included in most definitions of intellectual disabilities refers to an onset between

answer

birth and eighteen years of age.

question

Which of the following is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that occurs most often among individuals of Jewish heritage?

answer

Tay-Sachs disease

question

According to Grossman (1983), ________ refers to the degree to which an individual meets the standards of learning, maturation, personal independence, and/or social responsibility expected of his or her age and cultural group.

answer

adaptive behavior

question

In light of better terminology than the term "mentally retarded", the American Association on Mental Retardation changed its name in 2001.

answer

true

question

The majority of students with ADHD are served in special education classrooms.

answer

false

question

ADHD is apparent before the age of

answer

7

question

All of the following techniques are important for the school-based treatment of individuals with ADHD except

answer

alternative treatment therapies.

question

More ADHD symptoms may be shown in group settings and when work has to be done later in the day.

answer

true

question

Which of the following assessment procedures may be used to identify a student with ADHD?

answer

-interviews -observations -school history -review of school records

question

In ________ to ________ of the cases, ADHD continues to cause problems in adulthood.

answer

20%, 35%

question

The problematic behavior of students with ADHD may be most apparent when they are given nonstimulating, repetitive activities.

answer

true

question

Experienced-based learning, in which students might develop their own projects, is an effective instructional strategy for students with ADHD.

answer

true

question

Students with ADHD who are eligible for special education services often qualify for services under which of the following IDEA 2004 categories?

answer

other health impairments

question

Genetics may play a significant role in ADHD.

answer

true

question

Section 504 is a special education law.

answer

false

question

Students with ADHD have lower than average IQ levels.

answer

false

question

Limited delay of gratification is a common characteristic of students with ADHD.

answer

true

question

All children with ADHD require medication to be successful in school.

answer

false

question

Students with ADHD often have inconsistent performance on school tasks.

answer

true

question

Education of school staff, the family, and students with ADHD is one of the most important interventions in meeting the needs of students with ADHD.

answer

true

question

In most cases, the cause of ADHD is unknown.

answer

true

question

Common side effects of stimulant medications include all of the following except

answer

diminished electrical activity in the brain

question

Since ADHD is a psychiatric disorder, school personnel have no responsibility related to identification and assessment.

answer

false

question

Negative behaviors may be reinforced when students receive attention for their inappropriate behaviors.

answer

true

question

Which of the following psychiatric classification systems is used most often in the United States to identify individuals with ADHD?

answer

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

question

Adults with ADHD have more traffic citations and accidents than the general population.

answer

true

question

Medication should be stopped when a child with ADHD reaches adolescence.

answer

false

question

Students with ADHD are noted for the ability to persist on repetitive tasks.

answer

false

question

Nine-year-old Maria is aware that she needs to change her excessive talking-out in class. This is an example of which self-regulation strategy?

answer

self-assessment

question

Ten-year-old Jamal gives himself a sticker when he has completed of all his assignment. This is an example of which self-regulation strategy?

answer

self-reinforcement

question

ADHD is more common than any other child behavioral disorder.

answer

true

question

Fifteen-year-old Katie uses a cueing system to alert her to stop and evaluate her on-task behavior. This is an example of which self-regulation strategy?

answer

self-monitoring

question

Most of the time, the special education teacher is responsible for teaching students with ADHD.

answer

false

question

Nine-year-old Geraldo takes Ritalin for ADHD. His teacher should

answer

monitor positive effects and side effects of the medication.

question

Which of the following are the primary symptoms of ADHD?

answer

inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

question

The two critical features for the successful inclusion of students with ADHD are the skills and behaviors of teachers and the understanding and acceptance by general education peers.

answer

true

question

A psychiatric diagnosis of ADHD is required for a child to receive services under either IDEA 2004 or Section 504.

answer

false

question

ADHD is a neurobiological-based condition.

answer

true

question

Many students with ADHD do not qualify for services under IDEA 2004.

answer

true

question

ADHD is a disability that is unique to the school-aged population in the United States.

answer

false

question

More boys than girls are identified as having ADHD.

answer

true

question

ADHD is difficult for teachers to recognize in the classroom.

answer

false

question

Research on the long-term outcomes for individuals with ADHD suggests that many of these individuals experience good adjustment in adulthood.

answer

false

question

The causes of articulation disorders include

answer

-lack of opportunity to practice appropriate/inappropriate speech. -transient hearing loss during early childhood. -cleft palate. -brain damage.

question

Six-year-old Sara says "bin" for "then." This is an example of

answer

an articulation error.

question

Excessive hoarseness over a long period of time may be indicative of

answer

a phonation and/or resonance disorder.

question

Twelve-year-old Antonio frequently fails to wait his turn in conversation. This is a concern related to

answer

pragmatics.

question

________ communication techniques do not require any physical object or device to enable the individual to communicate (e.g., speech, manual signs or gestures, facial communication).

answer

Unaided

question

A communication difference is considered a disability in which of the following situations?

answer

when the transmission or perception of messages is faulty

question

________ is the sound system of a language and the linguistic rules that govern the sound combinations.

answer

Phonology

question

________ is a variation of a symbol system used by a group of individuals that reflects, and is determined by, shared regional, social, or cultural/ethnic factors.

answer

Communicative difference/dialect

question

________ usually consist(s) of blocking, repeating, or prolonging sounds, syllables, words, or phrases.

answer

Fluency problems

question

Consider the variations of the root word "pave." pavement repave These variations are related to

answer

morphology.

question

A medical professional who treats children with ear, nose, and throat problems is referred to as a(n) ________.

answer

otolaryngologist

question

All of the following are types of language disorders except

answer

articulation and phonological language disorders.

question

Voice disorders include problems with

answer

phonation and resonance.

question

A disorder involving the form of language includes systems related to

answer

phonology, morphology, and syntax.

question

Consider the following two sentences Larry hit the ball. The ball hit Larry. These sentences relate a concern of

answer

syntax

question

The vast majority of students with speech and language disorders are children ages 6 to 11.

answer

true

question

Seven-year-old Nancy says "hamburglar" for "hamburger." This is an example of a(n)

answer

addition

question

Articulation and phonological disorders are relatively rare disorders.

answer

false

question

When communication is impaired, absent, or qualitatively different, social problems may result in school.

answer

true

question

Speech disorders include disorders of all of the following except

answer

language disorders.

question

There is a fairly typical sequence of language development among young children.

answer

true

question

Speech dysfluencies

answer

-are common among children ages 3 to 5. -are universal among all individuals. -often decrease around the age of 5.

question

________ communication techniques require a physical object or device to enable the individual to communicate (e.g., charts, communication boards).

answer

aided

question

The distinction among the words pretty, prettier, and prettiest, are related to

answer

morphology.

question

Because many other students have conditions other than a primary disability of speech/language impairment, the total percentage of students served by speech-language pathologists is about ________.

answer

5%

question

Most voice disorders are the result of learned speech patterns.

answer

true

question

There is growing evidence that stuttering is caused by a hearing problem.

answer

false

question

Of all students with disabilities, students with speech or language impairments are the most included in general education classrooms.

answer

true

question

Speech is the only possible vehicle for expressing language.

answer

false

question

Articulation errors

answer

are normal and acceptable among very young children.

question

________ and ________ disorders are the most common speech disorders.

answer

Articulatory and phonological

question

________ refers to the content of language and relates to the meaning of words and word combinations.

answer

Semantics

question

The following analogy is an issue related to "A rolling stone gathers no moss."

answer

semantics.

question

Students with communication disorders represent one of the largest groups of students with disabilities.

answer

true

question

The difference between the consonant blend sounds for "st" and "str" are related to

answer

phonology.

question

Vocal disturbances are common among young children.

answer

true

question

Which of the following is the most common type of speech disorder?

answer

articulation disorder

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