Sociology Chapter 7 Flashcard
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Deviance
answer
Behavior that violates standards of conduct or expectation of a group or society
question
Informal Deviance
answer
Offends people's sense of moral righteous- Violates customary norms, much as eating disorders
question
Durkheim view of deviance
answer
rooted into societal factors such as rapid change
question
Merton's Anomie theory of deviance
answer
There are goals in our society that people want to achieve, but they cannot always reach these goals. This creates stress (or strain) because people are aware of the goals but do not have the means to achieve them
question
Conformity
answer
People accept culturally approved goals and pursues them through approved means also going along with peers
question
Cultural transmission
answer
Humans learn how to behave in social situations weather properly or improperly
question
Differential association:
answer
Process in which exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts leads to violation of rules
question
Social Disorganization Theory
answer
Increases in crime and deviance attributed to absence or breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions
question
Labeling theory
answer
Attempts to explain why some people are viewed as deviant
question
Self-fulfilling prophecy
answer
A prediction that causes itself to come true
question
Social constructionist perspective
answer
Deviance is a product of the culture we live in.
question
Goffman's theory of stigma
answer
describes any physical or social attribute that devalues a person or group's identity, and which may exclude those who are devalued from normal social interaction
question
Differential justice
answer
Differences in ways social control is exercised over different groups
question
Social control
answer
The structure of techniques and strategies employed for preventing deviant human behavior in any society
question
Law
answer
Governmental social control. Thus, the legal order reflects values of those in a position to exercise authority
question
Control theory
answer
Connection to members of society leads people to systematically conform to society's norms
question
Belief /Knowledge Control Theory
answer
Awareness of and subscription to norms and values of society promotes conformity
question
Commitment Control Theory
answer
The greater one's commitment to legitimate social goals such as educational attainment and occupational success, the more likely one is to conform
question
Involvement Control Theory
answer
Participation in legitimate social activities increases the probability of conformity
question
Attachment Control Theory
answer
The stronger the attachment, the more likelihood of conformity
question
Rehabilitation Punishment & Corrections
answer
Attempts to resocialize criminals and return them to the community as law-abiding citizens
question
Social protection/Incapacitation Punishment & Corrections
answer
Incarceration removes or restricts criminals from society so they can't commit further crimes
question
Retribution Punishment & Corrections
answer
Criminals pay compensation equal to their offenses against society; moral vengeance—the punishment should fit the crime
question
Deterrence Punishment & Corrections
answer
Emphasizes intimidation, using threat of punishment to discourage crime
question
Crime
answer
Violation of criminal law for which government authority applies formal punishments
question
Victimless Crime
answer
Willing exchange among adults of widely desired, but illegal, goods and services (prostitution, illegal gambling, and illegal drugs)
question
Professional Crime
answer
Committed by a person who pursues a crime as an occupation
question
Organized Crime
answer
group that regulates relations between various criminal enterprises involved in illegal activities
question
White-collar crime
answer
Illegal acts committed in the course of business or financial
question
Occupational crime:
answer
Illegal activities committed by people in the course of their employment or personal finances affairs and for their personal financial gain
question
Corporate crime
answer
Illegal activities committed by corporate employees on behalf of the corporation and with it's knowledge and support
question
Which sociological perspective emphasizes that societies literally could not operate if massive numbers of people defied standards of appropriate conduct?
answer
Functionalist
question
Obedience
answer
Compliance wit higher authorities
question
Which Sociological perspective would most likely be concerned with the association between the use of surveillance techniques as a means of social control and the power of an authoritarian government.
answer
Conflict Perspective
question
Which sociological perspective would most likely be concerned with the stigmatizing nature of formal social controls that require convicted sex-offenders to register with police agencies and have their pictures published in newspapers to make their identities publicly known?
answer
Functionalist Perspectives
question
Monica, a new student at Valley High School, becomes friends with a group of teenagers who use marijuana and remain seated during the singing of the National Anthem. Although Monica had never used marijuana and used to sing the Anthem, she begins to engage in the same behavior as her new friends. This is an example of
answer
Differential association
question
Which sociological perspective would be particularly concerned about studies that show that White criminal offenders receive shorter sentences than comparable Latino and African-American offenders?
answer
Conflict Perspective
question
Interactionalist Perspective
answer
Deviance is in the eye of the beholder
