Cultural Psych- quiz #1 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
"When given a tool, the infant figures out on her own how to use the tool to achieve the same goal"
answer
An infant of Species X sees a model use a new tool to achieve a goal. Describe a way they would engage in emulative learning.
question
"People interact with their environments via culturally acquired tools"
answer
What did the Russian cultural-historical school emphasize?
question
The Russian cultural-historical emphasizing that people interact with their environments via culturally acquired tools
answer
What is one of the origins of Cultural Psychology?
question
Cultural psychologists believe that the mind is interdependent with content and context, whereas general psychologists believe that the mind is independent from context and content
answer
What is one of the key differences between cultural psychologists and general psychologists?
question
It is the ratio of the volume of the neocortex (outermost layer of the brain that is concerned with higher functions, such as sensory perception, motor control, and conscious thought) to the volume of the rest of the brain --> used as a proxy to measure intelligence
answer
Define the neocortex ratio.
question
Species A will live in a larger social group. Species B will live in a smaller social group.
answer
Species A has a neocortex ratio of .25, whereas Species B has a ratio of .20. What could you conclude about the size of their corresponding social groups?
question
Statistical universal
answer
What level of psychological universalism was not proposed by Norenzayan and Heine?
question
Nonuniversal -> existential universal -> functional universalism -> accessibility universalism
answer
What are the four psychological universals and levels of analysis?
question
A cognitive tool that does not exist in all cultures (cultural inventions, ex. abacus).
answer
Define nonuniversal and give example.
question
A cognitive tool that is said to exist in multiple cultures, although the tool is not necessarily used to solve the same problem, nor is it equally accessible across cultures. An example would be success
answer
Define existential universal and give example.
question
A cognitive tool that exists in multiple cultures, and is used to solve the same problem across cultures, yet it is more accessible to people from some cultures than others. An example of this would be categorization rules.
answer
Define functional universal and give example.
question
A cognitive tool that exists in all cultures, and is used to solve the same problem across cultures, and is accessible to the same degree across cultures. An example of this is social facilitation- the tendency for individuals to do better at well-learned tasks and worse at poorly learned ones, when in the presence of others.
answer
Define accessibility universal and give example.
question
Boys are born female, and become male by acquiring semen.
answer
A key belief of the Sambia is that:
question
Emulative learning does not require imitating a model's behavioral strategies.
answer
Emulative and imitative learning can be contrasted in that:
question
Larger groups had greater social complexity, driving the evolution of larger brains to handle such complexity.
answer
According to Dunbar, why would larger social groups be associated with the evolution of larger brains?
question
Men can get jerungdu from certain trees.
answer
According to the Sambia:
question
Solomon Asch.
answer
Who did not contribute to any incarnation of cultural psychology?
question
Richard Shweder, Jerome Bruner, Harry Triandis, and Willhelm Wundt.
answer
Who contributed to the incarnation of cultural psychology?
question
They will all perform equally well.
answer
A human child, chimpanzee, and orangutan (all same age) are presented with a problem-solving task- they must figure out how to use a tool to reach up to the top of a cabinet and nudge a wooden block that will knock over a banana. Based on Hermann and colleagues' findings, which of the three participants will outperform the others.
question
It is the ratio of an animal's brain weight to the brain weight predicted for a comparable animal with the same body size.
answer
How do you find an animals encephalization quotient (EQ)?
question
Ethnocentrism
answer
"I don't understand how those Hindus let cattle wander around their cities and not eat them. Where I come from, cattle are raised, branded, and then turned into steak and burgers. What the Hindus do just isn't normal." What does this situation demonstrate?
question
You are a product of your own culture (refer to hindu cattle example)
answer
What does ethnocentrism imply in terms of people on their culture?
question
Chimpanzees aren't very good at imitative learning, which is the essential tool for cumulative cultures.
answer
Why isn't there much cumulative culture among chimpanzees?
question
ratchet effect
answer
Homer sharpens a rock and uses it to shave Schick adds a handle to the rock for a better grip. Gillette then changes the rock to a titanium blade for durability. The progressions of improvements made to the shaving utensil is an example of:
question
the ratchet effect
answer
The progression of improvements in a cultural tool is:
question
existential universal
answer
Your research team found evidence that people in multiple cultures walk with their shoes on their heads; but this "shoe-on-head" way of walking is activated for different reasons across cultures. This would be evidence of:
question
They do not show conclusive evidence for a theory of mind.
answer
Which of the following statements is true regarding chimps living in the wild?
question
A theory of mind.
answer
What don't chimps in the wild show?
question
Determining universality
answer
You review all of the studies that you've done in your career, and realize that they all use WEIRD samples. Based on this characteristic of your samples, which of the following challenges is the most applicable to your work?
question
universaility
answer
Using only WEIRD samples, leads to a difficulty for researchers to determine:
question
They tend to live in large social groups, which requires intelligence to function effectively.
answer
What theory is best supported for why primates evolved such large brains?
