Apush Chapter 11 Test Questions – Flashcards
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**The 1840s and 1850s in the United States were characterized by what?
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-Technology was high -They had little medical knowledge
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**Which of the following statements best captures the attitude of antebellum Americans about technology?
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Technology was, democratic, progressive and from God
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Which antebellum innovations helped to transform American life? (6)
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-Steam engine -Cotton gin -Reaper -Interchangeable parts in manufacturing -Sewing Machine -Telegraph
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Which were the advantages of the "American system" of manufacturing? (3)
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-Install new parts in damaged machines -Mass-production -Speed of prodcution increased
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Before the Civil War, European and American railroads differed in that __________.
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American railroads were three times faster and had no class compartments
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Which of the following statements accurately describes railroads in the United States in 1860?
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-More tracks than all the world -Expanded East and Mid-west -Flat-roofed coaches
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American railroads contributed to all of the following events. (2)
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-Chicago's growth and other major cities -Established growth of Mid-west
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Which of the following is usually considered the first "big business" in the United States?
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Railroads
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How was the building of the railroads in the United States financed?
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Capital market in New York City
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What impact did technological changes have on the American worker before the Civil War? (4)
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-Raise in pay -Year-long work -Children and women make $ -Urban worker better off than rural worker
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Which of the following is an accurate statement about the standard of living in an antebellum urban family?
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-Need 600$ to live, father makes $300, wife and children make the rest -Middle class
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What statement best describes life for the average American farm worker in the antebellum period?
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-Seasonal work -Not as prosperous -Required significant cash deposit
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**An urban middle-class home in the 1850s would probably not have ________.
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Running water
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What type of urban housing developed during the early nineteenth century?
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Row housing
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What was one of the results of rising land values in the early nineteenth-century American city?
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Renting
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How did home furniture change?
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Mass-production allowed good quality for Upper and Middle classes
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What advance in heating and cooking occurred?
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Stoves, fresh vegies, and a water-supply system
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What changes took place to influence the diet of the average urban dweller?
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Stoves, fresh vegies, salt,transportation of goods
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What caused nationwide epidemics in the United States?
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Transportation revolution
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What medical development greatly advanced the image of surgeons and the success of health care?
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Anesthesia
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What were the popular health movements?
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Hydropathy and dietary changes (Graham)
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Who was Sylvester Graham?
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Dietist who believed in eating well and lessening sex
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The belief that bumps on the skull reveal an individual's personality is called ___________.
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Phrenology
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Phrenology was popular for all of the following reasons.
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-Person master of his own destiny -"Practical" Science -Quick assesment of others
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What was one of the changes that transformed American newspapers?
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Cheaper paper and steam-driven presses
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An American publisher who helped to transform newspapers and create the modern concept of news and news reporting was ________.
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James Gordon Bennett
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At a typical antebellum theater ________.
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Crowds were rowdy and average people went
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Who was the most popular dramatist in antebellum America?
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Edwin Forrest
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How did the popular minstrel show help to shape public perceptions of blacks during the antebellum period?
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Diminish blacks
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Who was the most famous impresario in nineteenth-century America?
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P. T. Barnum
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Why was P. T. Barnum a phenomenal success?
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Safe family amusement and appetite for natural wonders
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What are the aspect of transcendentalism? (3)
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-God and freedom were innate, not from reason -Knowledge was perception of truth -Follow ones heart
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What was the subject of Ralph Waldo Emerson's 1837 address, "The American Scholar"?
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Break free of European standards
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Who were prominent New England writers identified with the American Renaissance
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Cooper, Emerson, Thoreau, Fuller, Hawthorne, Melville, Poe, and Whitman
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Which writer introduced into fiction the American frontiersman and the theme of conflict between civilization and primitive life in the wilderness?
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Cooper
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Which of the following writers defended the right to disobey unjust laws, criticized the materialism of American society, and doubted the beneficial effects of technological advances?
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Thoreau
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How did the writings of Emerson, Thoreau, and Whitman differ from those of Hawthorne, Poe, and Melville?
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Hawthorne, Poe, and Melville dealt very little with American every-day life
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During the pre-Civil War decades, American painters preferred to paint________.
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Landscapes
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Why did movements for rural cemeteries and urban parks develop?
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-Spiritual refreshment -Nature was made to mirror art
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Samuel Colt ___________.
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Invented revolgin pistol
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What were the goals of the Hudson River school of painters?
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-Painted unspoiled landscape scenes -Preserve America -Emotional affect
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What was one of the purposes of the lyceum lectures?
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Bringing culture to a broad public
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From 1840 to 1860, technology affected American society in all of the following ways. (4)
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-Reapers: wheat, stay with population growth -Steam power: Seasonal work, increase productivity and $ -Railroads: New communities, and broader diet -Penny press and novels
