*Chapter 12* (Form A and B) {ECE 201} – Flashcards
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According to Piaget, ehich of the following abilities to children gain during middle childhood?
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Logic
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With concrete operational thought, children can:
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Think logically about tangible things
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Because she understand reversibility, Darcie believes that:
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If she doesn't like her snowman, she can always tear it apart and redistribute the snow.
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Which of the following is a crucial difference between Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories of learning?
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Piaget emphasized the child's own discovery processes, while Vygotsky stressed the importance of instruction.
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One of the leaders of the information-processing perspective is:
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Siegler
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Children are able to develop their own memory aids and organize information on their own at ___-years-old.
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9 to 11
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New concepts are best learned if they are connected to:
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Personal and cultural experiences
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Sonja is studying for an exam while her roommate is talking to her boyfriend on the phone. Sonja cannot concentrate on her books because she is unable to use:
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Selective attention
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Metacognition refers to:
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Thinking about one's thinking process
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If Gillian is a typical 7-year-old, she learns as many as ___ new words per day.
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20
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Abbreviations (such as LOL, BTW, and RU) in text messages and emails are all examples of:
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Codes
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Low academic expectations tend to lead to:
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Low achievement
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Children 13 years and older continue to build their vocabulary with an emphasis more on ___ than on ___.
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Comprehension; speech
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John, who speaks only English, has moved to Spain with his family. He attends a public school. All of his school subjects are taught in Spanish. John is learning Spanish through:
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Immersion
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Out of 45 groups, where does the United States rank on the PIRLS?
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15th
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Which of the following statements is true regarding gender differences in math and reading abilities?
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Differences between nations are far greater than differences between genders.
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For which of the following states is the difference between state and federal proficiency ratings 61 percent or higher?
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Alabama
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Traditionally in the United States, most private schools were organized by:
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The Catholic Church
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About 1 in ___ children in the United States is home schooled.
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35
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One major problem with smaller school classes is that:
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The research supporting their advantages is mixed.
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According to Piaget, a child between the ages of 5 and 7 can apply logical principles to:
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Concrete and visible examples
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When capable of concrete operational thought, children:
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Can apply their reasoning to real situations
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The logical principle that objects can be grouped according to some characteristics that they share is:
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Classification
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Seven-year-old Hannah can arrange 10 buttons in order from smallest to largest. Her understanding of which of the following concepts allows her to accomplish this?
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Seriation
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Identify the statement that demonstrates the principle of reversibility.
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Addition can be used to undo subtraction.
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Which of the following is true and differs from Piagets's ideas about how children think?
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There is no sudden shift between preoperational and concrete operational thought.
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Piaget has provided us with the ___ context of children's concepts, whereas Vygotsky has provided us with the ___ context.
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Individual; social
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When Brazillian vendors in middle childhood were tested on mathematical ability:
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They did poorly on math achievement tests but understood complex math computations
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The information-processing theory likens many aspects of human thinking to the functioning of:
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Computers
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The memory system in which signals are held for less than a second, yet long enough for one to process them further, if so desired, is called ___ memory.
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Sensory
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Which information is most likely to be in your current working memory?
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The answer to this question
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A 6-year-old is likely to use ___ to remember a new activity or new concepts.
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Rehearsal
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Working memory improves steadily from approximately age 4 to age:
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15
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By the end of middle childhood, the capacity of long-term memory is:
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Extremely large
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The change in cognition that allows children to focus without becoming distracted, persist at tasks, and exhibit quick, efficient memory is a result of the development of:
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The control processes
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Mechanisms that combine memory, processing speed, and knowledge to regulate the analysis of information are known as:
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Control processes
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Most children can use explicitly taught control processes by age:
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7
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Ignoring distractions and focusing on essential information is called:
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Selective attention
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Evaluating a cognitive task to determine how best to accomplish and monitor one's performance is called:
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Metacognition
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Given the importance of metacognition, it is helpful for educators to:
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Teach cognitive strategies
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In their learning and problem-solving abilities, school-age children differ from preschoolers in that they:
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can evaluate their own progress
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According to information-processing theory, children learn concepts best if they:
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are taught directly.
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A lack of understanding of metaphors in middle childhood, even if a child has a large vocabulary, signifies:
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cognitive problems.
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Compared to children from middle-class families, a characteristic of language in children from low-SES families is that their:
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grammar is simpler.
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Two factors that play important roles in the connection between low-SES and language learning are:
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early exposure to language and expectations.
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According to research conducted by Snyder, which of the following statements most accurately reflects the public perception of schools in the United States?
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Most non-parent adults rate the schools in their community lower than the parent adults.
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Eduardo is in the fourth grade. Part of the instruction in his classroom is conducted in English and part is conducted in Spanish. His classroom demonstrates:
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bilingual education.
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The average Singapore student scored higher than the ___ of students in the United States on the TIMSS test.
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top 5%
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What makes international comparisons of academic achievement difficult?
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International tests may be culturally biased.
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Which of the following accurately describes the gender-similarities hypothesis?
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Boys and girls are similar in most test measures, with trivial exceptions.
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The so-called reading wars are most specifically related to:
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whole language vs. phonics
