question

The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD), formerly the American Association on Cognitive Impairment, classifies cognitive impairment based on what parameter?

answer

Ans: Adaptive skill domains

question

Secondary prevention for cognitive impairment includes what activity?

answer

Ans: Newborn screening for treatable inborn errors of metabolism

question

What is a primary goal in caring for a child with cognitive impairment?

answer

Ans: Promoting optimum development

question

One of the techniques that has been especially useful for learners having cognitive impairment is called fading. What description best explains this technique?

answer

Ans: Gradually reduces the assistance given to the child so the child becomes more independent

question

The parents of a child with cognitive impairment ask the nurse for guidance with discipline. What should the nurse's recommendation be based on?

answer

Ans: Behavior modification is an excellent form of discipline

question

What intervention is most appropriate to facilitate social development of a child with a cognitive impairment?

answer

Ans: Provide peer experiences, such as infant stimulation and preschool programs.

question

The nurse is discussing sexuality with the parents of an adolescent girl who has a moderate cognitive impairment. What factor should the nurse consider when dealing with this issue?

answer

Ans: Individuals with cognitive impairment need a well-defined, concrete code of sexual conduct.

question

The mother of a young child with cognitive impairment asks for suggestions about how to teach her child to use a spoon for eating. The nurse should make which recommendation?

answer

Ans: Do a task analysis first

question

A newborn assessment shows a separated sagittal suture, oblique palpebral fissures, a depressed nasal bridge, a protruding tongue, and transverse palmar creases. These findings are most suggestive of which condition?

answer

Ans: Down syndrome

question

A 2-week-old infant with Down syndrome is being seen in the clinic. His mother tells the nurse that he is difficult to hold, that "he's like a rag doll. He doesn't cuddle up to me like my other babies did." What is the nurse's best interpretation of this lack of clinging or molding?

answer

Ans: A physical characteristic of Down syndrome

question

Many of the clinical features of Down syndrome present challenges to caregivers. Based on these features, what intervention should be included in the child's care?

answer

Ans: Use a cool-mist vaporizer to keep the mucous membranes moist and secretions liquefied.

question

What description applies to fragile X syndrome?

answer

Ans: Second most common genetic cause of cognitive impairment

question

The nurse should suspect a hearing impairment in an infant who fails to demonstrate which behavior?

answer

Ans: Babbling by age 12 months

question

The nurse is talking with a 10-year-old boy who wears bilateral hearing aids. The left hearing aid is making an annoying whistling sound that the child cannot hear. What intervention is the most appropriate nursing action?

answer

Ans: Suggest he reinsert the hearing aid

question

What technique facilitates lip reading by a hearing-impaired child?

answer

Ans: Speak at an even rate

question

What condition is defined as reduced visual acuity in one eye despite appropriate optical correction?

answer

Ans: Amblyopia

question

The school nurse is caring for a child with a penetrating eye injury. Emergency treatment includes what intervention?

answer

Ans: Apply a Fox shield to the affected eye and any type of patch to the other eye.

question

A father calls the emergency department nurse saying that his daughter's eyes burn after getting some dishwasher detergent in them. The nurse recommends that the child be seen in the emergency department or by an ophthalmologist. The nurse also should recommend which action before the child is transported?

answer

Ans: Irrigate the eyes copiously with tap water for 20 minutes.

question

A 5-year-old child has bilateral eye patches in place after surgery yesterday morning. Today he can be out of bed. What nursing intervention is most important at this time?

answer

Ans: Orient him to his immediate surroundings

question

Autism is a complex developmental disorder. The diagnostic criteria for autism include delayed or abnormal functioning in which area with onset before age 3 years?

answer

Ans: Ability to maintain eye contact

question

What intervention should be included in the nursing care of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

answer

Ans: Communicate with the child at his or her developmental level.

question

What suggestion by the nurse for parents regarding stuttering in children is most helpful?

answer

Ans: Give the child plenty of time and the impression that you are not in a hurry.

question

What observation in a child should indicate the need for a referral to a specialist regarding a communication impairment?

answer

Ans: At 2 years of age, the child fails to respond consistently to sounds.

question

The nurse is performing a physical assessment on a 3-year-old child. The parents state that the child excessively rubs the eyes and often tilts the head to one side. What visual impairment should the nurse suspect?

answer

Ans: Myopia, or nearsightedness

question

The community nurse is planning prevention measures designed to avoid conditions that can cause cognitive impairment. Taking folic acid supplements during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects is which type of prevention strategy?

answer

Ans: Primary

question

The nurse is teaching a preschool child with a cognitive impairment how to throw a ball overhand. What teaching strategy should the nurse use for this child?

answer

Ans: Demonstrate how to throw a ball overhand

question

The camp nurse is choosing a toy for a child with cognitive impairment to play with during swimming time. What toy should the nurse choose to encourage improvement of developmental skills?

answer

Ans: A large beach ball

question

The nurse is teaching feeding strategies to a parent of a 12-month-old infant with Down syndrome. What statement made by the parent indicates a need for further teaching?

answer

Ans: I will place the food on the top of the tongue

question

The nurse is counseling a pregnant 35-year-old woman about estimated risk of Down syndrome. What is the estimated risk for a woman who is 35 years of age?c

answer

Ans: 1 in 350

question

The nurse is teaching parents of a child with cataracts about the upcoming treatment. The nurse should give the parents what information about the treatment of cataracts?

answer

Ans: "Cataracts require surgery to remove the cloudy lens and replace it."

question

What action should the school nurse take for a child who has a hematoma (black eye) with no hemorrhage into the anterior chamber?

answer

Ans: Apply ice for the first 24 hours

question

The nurse is preparing an education program on hearing impairment for a group of new staff nurses. What concepts should be included? (Select all that apply.)

answer

Ans: A child with a slight hearing loss is usually unaware of a hearing difficulty. Ans: A clinical manifestation of a hearing impairment in children is avoidance of social interaction. Ans: A child with a severe hearing loss may hear a loud voice if nearby. Ans: A clinical manifestation of hearing impairment in an infant is lack of the startle reflex.

question

The nurse understands that which gestational disorders can cause a cognitive impairment in the newborn? (Select all that apply.)

answer

Ans: Prematurity Ans: Postmaturity Ans: Low birth weight

question

The clinic nurse is assessing an infant. What are early signs of cognitive impairment the nurse should discuss with the health care provider? (Select all that apply.)

answer

Ans: Head lag at 11 months of age Ans: Unable to speak two to three words at 24 months of age Ans: Unresponsiveness to the environment at 12 months of age

question

The nurse is teaching parents of a child with a cognitive impairment signs that indicate the child is developmentally ready for dressing training. What signs should the nurse include that indicate the child is developmentally ready for dressing training? (Select all that apply.)

answer

Ans: Can follow verbal commands Ans: Can follow physical gestures or cues Ans: Can relate clothing to the appropriate body part

question

The nurse is assessing a child with Down syndrome. The nurse recognizes that which are possible comorbidities that can occur with Down syndrome? (Select all that apply.)

answer

Ans: Congenital heart defects Ans: Respiratory tract infections Ans: Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia

question

A child has a slight (26-40 dB) degree of hearing loss. The nurse recognizes this amount of hearing loss can have what effect? (Select all that apply.)

answer

Ans: No speech defects Ans: Difficulty hearing faint speech Ans: Usually is unaware of the hearing difficulty

question

What risk factors can cause a sensorineural hearing impairment in an infant? (Select all that apply.)

answer

Ans: Bacterial meningitis Ans: Childhood case of measles Ans: Administration of amino glycosides for more than 5 days

question

The nurse is teaching parents the signs of a hearing impairment in infants. What should the nurse include as signs? (Select all that apply.)

answer

Ans: Lack of a startle reflex to a loud sound Ans: Failure to localize a sound by 6 months of age Ans: Response to loud noise as opposed to the voice

question

The nurse is teaching parents the signs of a hearing impairment in a child. What should the nurse include as signs? (Select all that apply.)

answer

Ans: Yelling to express pleasure Ans: Asking to have statements repeated Ans: Foot stamping for vibratory sensation Ans: Failure to develop intelligible speech by 24 months of age

question

The nurse should plan which actions to assist the stuttering child? (Select all that apply.)

answer

Ans: Set a good example by speaking clearly Ans: Give the child plenty of time to finish sentences Ans: Look directly at the child while he or she is speaking

question

The nurse should plan which actions to facilitate lipreading for a child with a hearing impairment? (Select all that apply.)

answer

Ans: Face the child directly Ans: Speak at eye level Ans: Keep sentences short Ans: Establish eye contact and show interest

question

What are indications for a referral regarding a communication impairment in a school-age child? (Select all that apply.)

answer

Ans: Barely audible voice quality Ans: Vocal pitch inappropriate for age Ans: Distortion of sounds after age 7 years

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