Federal Govt Chapter 5 – Flashcards

question
What did the Supreme Court rule in Bowers v. Hardwick
answer
There was no constitutional right to privacy for consensual homosexual activity.
question
Which of the following are names of Latino civil rights organizations
answer
G.I. Forum, LULAC, MALDEF
question
In the University of Michigan affirmative action cases, the Supreme Court
answer
upheld mechanical point systems for university admissions but rejected highly individualized affirmative action policies. rejected mechanical point systems for university admissions but upheld highly individualized affirmative action policies that were designed to promote diversity. asserted for the first time that affirmative action policies would be subject to strict scrutiny. declared that affirmative action policies would no longer be subject to strict scrutiny.
question
Which of the following best describes the federal courts' trend toward school desegregation in the 1990s
answer
The courts decreased the federal supervision of local school desegregation.
question
Which statement about the Reconstruction era is false
answer
African American voters supported the Democratic Party
question
What happened to California's Proposition 187?
answer
A federal court declared most of it a violation of the U.S. Constitution.
question
One step taken toward the desegregation of public schools was
answer
busing children from poor urban school districts to wealthier suburban ones.
question
Which area of discrimination was touched by the legal principles of Brown v. Board of Education?
answer
public schools
question
"Strict scrutiny" is the level of judicial review the federal courts give to all cases that involve
answer
Racial Classification
question
Which city was the setting for a major racial confrontation concerning school busing?
answer
Boston Miami New Orleans Dallas
question
The Supreme Court's decision in Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. was significant because
answer
it ultimately led Congress to pass a new law giving workers expanded rights to sue in cases where they learn of discriminatory treatment well after it has started. It ruled that state-sponsored schools must be open to both men and women. it struck down Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act as unconstitutional. it signaled that the Court would no longer hear cases on sexual harassment.
question
Before the 1920s, what was the political status of Native Americans?
answer
they had no political status
question
What forbade workplace discrimination based on race?
answer
Civil Rights Act of 1964
question
The NAACP had the most success with which political strategies for combating racism?
answer
lawsuits
question
The attempt to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment was an important struggle for
answer
women
question
It was during the tenure of Chief Justice ______ that the Supreme Court established gender discrimination as a highly visible area of civil rights law.
answer
Burger
question
The first slaves were brought to what would become the United States in
answer
1619.
question
What goal did members of the abolitionist movement pursue?
answer
the end of slavery
question
The Seneca Falls Convention was significant because it
answer
marked the starting point of the modern women's movement.
question
Why did President Dwight Eisenhower deploy federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957?
answer
The governor of Arkansas requested that the state's National Guard help resist
question
Under what conditions can a plaintiff successfully bring a sexual harassment charge?
answer
the plaintiff need prove neither economic nor psychological harm
question
Who said, "Your denial of my citizen's right to vote is the denial of my right of consent as one of the governed, the denial of my right of representation as one of the taxed, the denial of my right to a trial of my peers as an offender against the law"?
answer
Susan B. Anthony
question
The Reconstruction era in the South came to an end because
answer
African Americans had been granted full social, political, and economic equality in the South. In 1876, state legislatures from around the South passed laws forcing the federal government to remove all troops immediately. the Supreme Court ruled that federal troops could not be stationed in Southern states under the Constitution. Northern Republicans agreed to remove federal troops from the South and give up on their support for civil liberties if Southern Democrats allowed Rutherford B. Hayes to become president.
question
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was
answer
the first civil rights bill Congress had passed since Reconstruction. the last civil rights bill passed by Congress. the fourth civil rights bill passed by Congress since Brown v. Board of Education. the second civil rights bill passed by Congress since World War II. the first civil rights bill Congress ever passed.
question
What does the term Jim Crow refer to?
answer
the system of racial segregation in the South after Reconstruction
question
Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the Voting Rights Act on voter registration in southern states?
answer
The gap between the percentage of whites registering to vote and the percentage of blacks registering to vote DECLINED significantly after passage of the Voting Rights Act.
question
When did civil rights become part of the U.S. Constitution?
answer
Civil rights were incorporated with the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment.
question
What was the Supreme Court's record in segregation cases in the years before Brown v. Board of Education?
answer
The Court overturned forms of segregation using the separate but equal rule on factual grounds.
question
Which of the following statements about the abolitionist movement is false?
answer
The movement focused most of its energies on eliminating slavery in New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.
question
During the late 1940s and 1950s, ______ was the head lawyer for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund.
answer
Thurgood Marshall
question
What was the Supreme Court's response to the Civil Rights Act of 1876?
answer
It declared the act unconstitutional because it protected against acts of private discrimination, not state discrimination. The Supreme Court never heard a case concerning the constitutionality of this act. It declared the act unconstitutional because Congress had violated the separation of powers. It declared the act constitutional. It declared the act unconstitutional because Congress had violated the principles of federalism.
question
In the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Congress vastly expanded the role of the executive branch and the credibility of court orders by
answer
requiring that federal grants-in-aid to state and local governments for education be withheld from any school system practicing racial segregation.
question
United States v. Wong Kim Ark is an important case because it declared that
answer
Asian American children could not go to school with white students. anyone born in the United States was entitled to be a citizen. English was not the official language of the United States. the Exclusion Act was unconstitutional.
question
A 1948 report on the problem of racial discrimination, To Secure These Rights, was issued by
answer
the White House
question
In 1870, Congress passed a law forbidding which of the following immigrant groups from becoming U.S. citizens?
answer
Chinese
question
During World War II, ______ forced the federal government to address discriminatory hiring practices by threatening massive labor marches on Washington, D.C.
answer
A. Philip Randolph
question
In their response to Brown v. Board of Education, southern states did all of the following except
answer
quickly desegregate their schools
question
What was the Supreme Court's ruling in Shelley v. Kraemer?
answer
Racially restrictive covenants on housing could not be enforced by courts.
question
In a case of workplace discrimination, which government institution would most likely handle the complaint?
answer
the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
question
Why did the Equal Rights Amendment fail to pass?
answer
It was not ratified by the necessary thirty-eight states.
question
What was the purpose of California's Proposition 187?
answer
It barred unauthorized immigrants from receiving most public services.
question
Which amendments to the U.S. Constitution seemed to offer African Americans the most hope for achieving full citizenship rights in the United States?
answer
the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments
question
Ten years after Brown v. Board of Education, ______ percent of black children in the Deep South attended school with white children.
answer
1
question
Suffragists called the Statue of Liberty "the greatest hypocrisy of the nineteenth century" because
answer
it was supposed to represent "liberty," yet women could not vote in the United States.
question
How many civil rights acts were passed during the first decade after the 1954 Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education?
answer
1 3 10 0
question
What was the ultimate destination of the Underground Railroad?
answer
Canada
question
Which of the following best summarizes the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education?
answer
Racially segregated schools can never be equal and therefore violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
question
What does the term redlining refer to?
answer
the practice of banks refusing to make loans to people living in certain neighborhoods
question
Which of the following did the President's Commission on Civil Rights not discuss in its report, To Secure These Rights?
answer
the consequences of affirmative action in university admissions on African Americans the result of experiments with racial integration in the armed forces during World War II the extent of the problem of racial discrimination a proposal to tie civil rights legislation to the commerce power of Congress a proposal to use the treaty power as a source of authority for civil rights legislation
question
Which group was excluded from immigrating to the United States from the late nineteenth century until the 1940s?
answer
Northern migration of African Americans increased their voting strength.
question
What best explains the increased attention the federal government paid to the problem of racial discrimination during the 1940s?
answer
Northern migration of African Americans increased their voting strength.
question
The Civil Rights Act of 1875 attempted to
answer
protect African Americans from discrimination in public accommodations like hotels and theaters.
question
Which of the following statements best describes the number of peaceful civil rights demonstrations during the 1950s and 1960s?
answer
There were almost no demonstrations during the 1950s and 1960s. There were almost no demonstrations prior to 1968. The number of demonstrations grew in the early 1960s and peaked in 1965. There were many demonstrations in the mid-1950s and many demonstrations in the late 1960s but none in between.
question
Legally enforced segregation in public schools is a form of ______ discrimination.
answer
de jure
question
Which of the following statements about gender equality is false?
answer
Women currently make up a larger percentage of college students than men. The percentage of female representatives in state legislatures has declined over the last twenty years. Women currently make up a smaller percentage of representatives in Congress than men. The percentage of female representatives in Congress has increased over the last thirty years.
question
How did the Supreme Court justify its decision to strike down the southern practice of "white primaries?"
answer
It claimed that parties were "an agency of the State," and therefore any practice of discrimination against blacks was a violation of the Fifteenth Amendment. It claimed that the practice violated the reserved powers clause of the Tenth Amendment. It claimed that separate but equal elections were inherently unequal and, therefore, a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. It claimed that the practice infringed upon Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce. It claimed that only the federal government had the authority to conduct primaries under the Constitution.
question
Which statement best describes the path to women's suffrage in the United States?
answer
Some states granted women the right to vote first, and then a constitutional amendment gave all women the right to vote.
question
What is the key question behind civil rights protection?
answer
What is the proper meaning of equality?
question
Which of the following was not used as a way to limit the electoral influence of African Americans?
answer
restrictive covenants
question
In ______, the Supreme Court permitted busing children as a way of bringing about desegregation of schools.
answer
1971
question
California Proposition 209 was designed to
answer
redraw congressional districts to ensure more minority representation in Congress. prevent unauthorized immigrants from benefiting from state affirmative action programs. achieve representativeness in California universities by instituting a quota system for admissions. outlaw all affirmative action programs in state and local government. include sexual orientation in the state's affirmative action programs.
question
The Supreme Court case Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992) is important because it
answer
asserted that monetary damages could not be awarded for acts of gender discrimination in education.
question
The rights of disabled individuals to both access public businesses and not be discriminated against in employment are guaranteed by
answer
the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.
question
What was the Seneca Falls Convention?
answer
a meeting in upstate New York during the mid-nineteenth century regarding women's rights
question
______ was one of the founders of the NAACP.
answer
W. E. B. Du Bois
question
The Fair Housing Act of 1968
answer
had little effect on housing segregation because it was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1969. had little effect on housing segregation because its enforcement mechanisms were very weak. dramatically increased housing segregation. had little effect on housing segregation because most housing segregation had been eliminated by the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
question
To draw voting districts so that one group or party is unfairly advantaged is called
answer
gerrymandeling
question
In Lawrence v. Texas, the Supreme Court
answer
struck down a state law criminalizing homosexual conduct.
question
Why did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) rely primarily on the courts to press for black political rights in its early years?
answer
The northern black vote was too small to bring about policy change at the legislative level, so the organization chose a strategy of litigation.
question
Women were guaranteed the right to vote with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, which was ratified in
answer
1920
question
Title IX of the 1972 Education Act has had its greatest effect on
answer
university athletic programs.
question
The constitutional authority of Congress to forbid discrimination in employment is based on the
answer
power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce.
question
The right to vote was strengthened in 1975 when Congress
answer
made literacy tests illegal and mandated bilingual ballots or other assistance for non-English-speaking Americans.
question
In dealing with the issue of gays in the military, President Bill Clinton established a
answer
"don't ask, don't tell" policy
question
Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act
answer
had no effect on the women's movement of the 1960s and 1970s. was a valuable tool for the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it added the Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution. was a valuable tool for the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it prohibited gender discrimination. significantly hurt the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it required government to treat men and women differently in many areas of public policy. significantly hurt the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it only outlawed discrimination on the basis of race.??
question
What did the Thirteenth Amendment accomplish?
answer
it abolished slavery
question
During the late nineteenth century, the equal protection clause was
answer
severely limited in scope by the Supreme Court.??? more strongly defended by individual states than by the federal government. ruled to be unconstitutional. used as a strong tool for engineering racial equality. not implemented because of a lack of tax revenue.
question
The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution guarantees
answer
the right to vote for African American men.
question
The Supreme Court's ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson declared that
answer
upheld the Civil Rights Act of 1875. established the separate but equal rule. ruled that the equal protection clause did not cover private acts of discrimination. ruled that the equal protection clause applied only to the federal government and not to state governments.
question
Desegregating schools in northern states proved to be difficult because
answer
segregation in the North was generally de facto, the product of both segregated housing and acts of private discrimination that were hard to prove.
question
In ______, Martin Luther King, JR., delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech.
answer
1963
question
In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Supreme Court ruled that
answer
quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were unconstitutional but affirm...
question
After World War II, which government institution first began drawing attention to the problem of racism in America?
answer
the White House
question
The 1947 federal court case Mendez v. Westminster was significant because
answer
its decision to overturn school segregation of Mexican American students in California served as a precursor to Brown v. Board of Education
question
Which area was not covered by the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
answer
public accommodations school desegregation employment military service
question
The American experience with civil rights suggests which of the following things about political change in the United States?
answer
Political change can only be achieved when citizens bypass the courts and the legislatures entirely. The legislatures are far more powerful than the courts and, therefore, can advance political change on their own. The courts are far more powerful than the legislature and, therefore, can advance political change on their own. Legislatures need constitutional authority to act from the courts, and the courts need legislative assistance to implement court orders and focus political support.
question
What is the name for school segregation that results from racially divided neighborhoods rather than state laws?
answer
habeas corpus ex post facto de facto de jure
question
Who inaugurated government affirmative action programs?
answer
Ronald Reagan Franklin Roosevelt Lyndon Johnson Richard Nixon
question
The Supreme Court's decisions on school desegregation policies since 1991 generally suggest that
answer
the Court will refuse to hear any cases in the future about desegregation plans. the Court will uphold all desegregation plans involving white suburban schools that lag behind predominantly minority schools. the Court will be willing to end desegregation plans even when predominantly minority schools continue to lag significantly behind white suburban schools. the Court will always uphold all desegregation plans, regardless of the schools involve.
question
What was the Supreme Court's response to the Civil Rights Act of 1875?
answer
It declared the act unconstitutional because Congress had violated the principles of federalism. It declared the act constitutional. It declared the act unconstitutional because it protected against acts of private discrimination, not state discrimination. The Supreme Court never heard a case concerning the constitutionality of this act.
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question
What did the Supreme Court rule in Bowers v. Hardwick
answer
There was no constitutional right to privacy for consensual homosexual activity.
question
Which of the following are names of Latino civil rights organizations
answer
G.I. Forum, LULAC, MALDEF
question
In the University of Michigan affirmative action cases, the Supreme Court
answer
upheld mechanical point systems for university admissions but rejected highly individualized affirmative action policies. rejected mechanical point systems for university admissions but upheld highly individualized affirmative action policies that were designed to promote diversity. asserted for the first time that affirmative action policies would be subject to strict scrutiny. declared that affirmative action policies would no longer be subject to strict scrutiny.
question
Which of the following best describes the federal courts' trend toward school desegregation in the 1990s
answer
The courts decreased the federal supervision of local school desegregation.
question
Which statement about the Reconstruction era is false
answer
African American voters supported the Democratic Party
question
What happened to California's Proposition 187?
answer
A federal court declared most of it a violation of the U.S. Constitution.
question
One step taken toward the desegregation of public schools was
answer
busing children from poor urban school districts to wealthier suburban ones.
question
Which area of discrimination was touched by the legal principles of Brown v. Board of Education?
answer
public schools
question
"Strict scrutiny" is the level of judicial review the federal courts give to all cases that involve
answer
Racial Classification
question
Which city was the setting for a major racial confrontation concerning school busing?
answer
Boston Miami New Orleans Dallas
question
The Supreme Court's decision in Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. was significant because
answer
it ultimately led Congress to pass a new law giving workers expanded rights to sue in cases where they learn of discriminatory treatment well after it has started. It ruled that state-sponsored schools must be open to both men and women. it struck down Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act as unconstitutional. it signaled that the Court would no longer hear cases on sexual harassment.
question
Before the 1920s, what was the political status of Native Americans?
answer
they had no political status
question
What forbade workplace discrimination based on race?
answer
Civil Rights Act of 1964
question
The NAACP had the most success with which political strategies for combating racism?
answer
lawsuits
question
The attempt to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment was an important struggle for
answer
women
question
It was during the tenure of Chief Justice ______ that the Supreme Court established gender discrimination as a highly visible area of civil rights law.
answer
Burger
question
The first slaves were brought to what would become the United States in
answer
1619.
question
What goal did members of the abolitionist movement pursue?
answer
the end of slavery
question
The Seneca Falls Convention was significant because it
answer
marked the starting point of the modern women's movement.
question
Why did President Dwight Eisenhower deploy federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957?
answer
The governor of Arkansas requested that the state's National Guard help resist
question
Under what conditions can a plaintiff successfully bring a sexual harassment charge?
answer
the plaintiff need prove neither economic nor psychological harm
question
Who said, "Your denial of my citizen's right to vote is the denial of my right of consent as one of the governed, the denial of my right of representation as one of the taxed, the denial of my right to a trial of my peers as an offender against the law"?
answer
Susan B. Anthony
question
The Reconstruction era in the South came to an end because
answer
African Americans had been granted full social, political, and economic equality in the South. In 1876, state legislatures from around the South passed laws forcing the federal government to remove all troops immediately. the Supreme Court ruled that federal troops could not be stationed in Southern states under the Constitution. Northern Republicans agreed to remove federal troops from the South and give up on their support for civil liberties if Southern Democrats allowed Rutherford B. Hayes to become president.
question
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was
answer
the first civil rights bill Congress had passed since Reconstruction. the last civil rights bill passed by Congress. the fourth civil rights bill passed by Congress since Brown v. Board of Education. the second civil rights bill passed by Congress since World War II. the first civil rights bill Congress ever passed.
question
What does the term Jim Crow refer to?
answer
the system of racial segregation in the South after Reconstruction
question
Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the Voting Rights Act on voter registration in southern states?
answer
The gap between the percentage of whites registering to vote and the percentage of blacks registering to vote DECLINED significantly after passage of the Voting Rights Act.
question
When did civil rights become part of the U.S. Constitution?
answer
Civil rights were incorporated with the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment.
question
What was the Supreme Court's record in segregation cases in the years before Brown v. Board of Education?
answer
The Court overturned forms of segregation using the separate but equal rule on factual grounds.
question
Which of the following statements about the abolitionist movement is false?
answer
The movement focused most of its energies on eliminating slavery in New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.
question
During the late 1940s and 1950s, ______ was the head lawyer for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund.
answer
Thurgood Marshall
question
What was the Supreme Court's response to the Civil Rights Act of 1876?
answer
It declared the act unconstitutional because it protected against acts of private discrimination, not state discrimination. The Supreme Court never heard a case concerning the constitutionality of this act. It declared the act unconstitutional because Congress had violated the separation of powers. It declared the act constitutional. It declared the act unconstitutional because Congress had violated the principles of federalism.
question
In the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Congress vastly expanded the role of the executive branch and the credibility of court orders by
answer
requiring that federal grants-in-aid to state and local governments for education be withheld from any school system practicing racial segregation.
question
United States v. Wong Kim Ark is an important case because it declared that
answer
Asian American children could not go to school with white students. anyone born in the United States was entitled to be a citizen. English was not the official language of the United States. the Exclusion Act was unconstitutional.
question
A 1948 report on the problem of racial discrimination, To Secure These Rights, was issued by
answer
the White House
question
In 1870, Congress passed a law forbidding which of the following immigrant groups from becoming U.S. citizens?
answer
Chinese
question
During World War II, ______ forced the federal government to address discriminatory hiring practices by threatening massive labor marches on Washington, D.C.
answer
A. Philip Randolph
question
In their response to Brown v. Board of Education, southern states did all of the following except
answer
quickly desegregate their schools
question
What was the Supreme Court's ruling in Shelley v. Kraemer?
answer
Racially restrictive covenants on housing could not be enforced by courts.
question
In a case of workplace discrimination, which government institution would most likely handle the complaint?
answer
the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
question
Why did the Equal Rights Amendment fail to pass?
answer
It was not ratified by the necessary thirty-eight states.
question
What was the purpose of California's Proposition 187?
answer
It barred unauthorized immigrants from receiving most public services.
question
Which amendments to the U.S. Constitution seemed to offer African Americans the most hope for achieving full citizenship rights in the United States?
answer
the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments
question
Ten years after Brown v. Board of Education, ______ percent of black children in the Deep South attended school with white children.
answer
1
question
Suffragists called the Statue of Liberty "the greatest hypocrisy of the nineteenth century" because
answer
it was supposed to represent "liberty," yet women could not vote in the United States.
question
How many civil rights acts were passed during the first decade after the 1954 Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education?
answer
1 3 10 0
question
What was the ultimate destination of the Underground Railroad?
answer
Canada
question
Which of the following best summarizes the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education?
answer
Racially segregated schools can never be equal and therefore violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
question
What does the term redlining refer to?
answer
the practice of banks refusing to make loans to people living in certain neighborhoods
question
Which of the following did the President's Commission on Civil Rights not discuss in its report, To Secure These Rights?
answer
the consequences of affirmative action in university admissions on African Americans the result of experiments with racial integration in the armed forces during World War II the extent of the problem of racial discrimination a proposal to tie civil rights legislation to the commerce power of Congress a proposal to use the treaty power as a source of authority for civil rights legislation
question
Which group was excluded from immigrating to the United States from the late nineteenth century until the 1940s?
answer
Northern migration of African Americans increased their voting strength.
question
What best explains the increased attention the federal government paid to the problem of racial discrimination during the 1940s?
answer
Northern migration of African Americans increased their voting strength.
question
The Civil Rights Act of 1875 attempted to
answer
protect African Americans from discrimination in public accommodations like hotels and theaters.
question
Which of the following statements best describes the number of peaceful civil rights demonstrations during the 1950s and 1960s?
answer
There were almost no demonstrations during the 1950s and 1960s. There were almost no demonstrations prior to 1968. The number of demonstrations grew in the early 1960s and peaked in 1965. There were many demonstrations in the mid-1950s and many demonstrations in the late 1960s but none in between.
question
Legally enforced segregation in public schools is a form of ______ discrimination.
answer
de jure
question
Which of the following statements about gender equality is false?
answer
Women currently make up a larger percentage of college students than men. The percentage of female representatives in state legislatures has declined over the last twenty years. Women currently make up a smaller percentage of representatives in Congress than men. The percentage of female representatives in Congress has increased over the last thirty years.
question
How did the Supreme Court justify its decision to strike down the southern practice of "white primaries?"
answer
It claimed that parties were "an agency of the State," and therefore any practice of discrimination against blacks was a violation of the Fifteenth Amendment. It claimed that the practice violated the reserved powers clause of the Tenth Amendment. It claimed that separate but equal elections were inherently unequal and, therefore, a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. It claimed that the practice infringed upon Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce. It claimed that only the federal government had the authority to conduct primaries under the Constitution.
question
Which statement best describes the path to women's suffrage in the United States?
answer
Some states granted women the right to vote first, and then a constitutional amendment gave all women the right to vote.
question
What is the key question behind civil rights protection?
answer
What is the proper meaning of equality?
question
Which of the following was not used as a way to limit the electoral influence of African Americans?
answer
restrictive covenants
question
In ______, the Supreme Court permitted busing children as a way of bringing about desegregation of schools.
answer
1971
question
California Proposition 209 was designed to
answer
redraw congressional districts to ensure more minority representation in Congress. prevent unauthorized immigrants from benefiting from state affirmative action programs. achieve representativeness in California universities by instituting a quota system for admissions. outlaw all affirmative action programs in state and local government. include sexual orientation in the state's affirmative action programs.
question
The Supreme Court case Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992) is important because it
answer
asserted that monetary damages could not be awarded for acts of gender discrimination in education.
question
The rights of disabled individuals to both access public businesses and not be discriminated against in employment are guaranteed by
answer
the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.
question
What was the Seneca Falls Convention?
answer
a meeting in upstate New York during the mid-nineteenth century regarding women's rights
question
______ was one of the founders of the NAACP.
answer
W. E. B. Du Bois
question
The Fair Housing Act of 1968
answer
had little effect on housing segregation because it was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1969. had little effect on housing segregation because its enforcement mechanisms were very weak. dramatically increased housing segregation. had little effect on housing segregation because most housing segregation had been eliminated by the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
question
To draw voting districts so that one group or party is unfairly advantaged is called
answer
gerrymandeling
question
In Lawrence v. Texas, the Supreme Court
answer
struck down a state law criminalizing homosexual conduct.
question
Why did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) rely primarily on the courts to press for black political rights in its early years?
answer
The northern black vote was too small to bring about policy change at the legislative level, so the organization chose a strategy of litigation.
question
Women were guaranteed the right to vote with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, which was ratified in
answer
1920
question
Title IX of the 1972 Education Act has had its greatest effect on
answer
university athletic programs.
question
The constitutional authority of Congress to forbid discrimination in employment is based on the
answer
power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce.
question
The right to vote was strengthened in 1975 when Congress
answer
made literacy tests illegal and mandated bilingual ballots or other assistance for non-English-speaking Americans.
question
In dealing with the issue of gays in the military, President Bill Clinton established a
answer
"don't ask, don't tell" policy
question
Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act
answer
had no effect on the women's movement of the 1960s and 1970s. was a valuable tool for the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it added the Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution. was a valuable tool for the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it prohibited gender discrimination. significantly hurt the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it required government to treat men and women differently in many areas of public policy. significantly hurt the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s because it only outlawed discrimination on the basis of race.??
question
What did the Thirteenth Amendment accomplish?
answer
it abolished slavery
question
During the late nineteenth century, the equal protection clause was
answer
severely limited in scope by the Supreme Court.??? more strongly defended by individual states than by the federal government. ruled to be unconstitutional. used as a strong tool for engineering racial equality. not implemented because of a lack of tax revenue.
question
The Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution guarantees
answer
the right to vote for African American men.
question
The Supreme Court's ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson declared that
answer
upheld the Civil Rights Act of 1875. established the separate but equal rule. ruled that the equal protection clause did not cover private acts of discrimination. ruled that the equal protection clause applied only to the federal government and not to state governments.
question
Desegregating schools in northern states proved to be difficult because
answer
segregation in the North was generally de facto, the product of both segregated housing and acts of private discrimination that were hard to prove.
question
In ______, Martin Luther King, JR., delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech.
answer
1963
question
In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Supreme Court ruled that
answer
quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were unconstitutional but affirm...
question
After World War II, which government institution first began drawing attention to the problem of racism in America?
answer
the White House
question
The 1947 federal court case Mendez v. Westminster was significant because
answer
its decision to overturn school segregation of Mexican American students in California served as a precursor to Brown v. Board of Education
question
Which area was not covered by the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
answer
public accommodations school desegregation employment military service
question
The American experience with civil rights suggests which of the following things about political change in the United States?
answer
Political change can only be achieved when citizens bypass the courts and the legislatures entirely. The legislatures are far more powerful than the courts and, therefore, can advance political change on their own. The courts are far more powerful than the legislature and, therefore, can advance political change on their own. Legislatures need constitutional authority to act from the courts, and the courts need legislative assistance to implement court orders and focus political support.
question
What is the name for school segregation that results from racially divided neighborhoods rather than state laws?
answer
habeas corpus ex post facto de facto de jure
question
Who inaugurated government affirmative action programs?
answer
Ronald Reagan Franklin Roosevelt Lyndon Johnson Richard Nixon
question
The Supreme Court's decisions on school desegregation policies since 1991 generally suggest that
answer
the Court will refuse to hear any cases in the future about desegregation plans. the Court will uphold all desegregation plans involving white suburban schools that lag behind predominantly minority schools. the Court will be willing to end desegregation plans even when predominantly minority schools continue to lag significantly behind white suburban schools. the Court will always uphold all desegregation plans, regardless of the schools involve.
question
What was the Supreme Court's response to the Civil Rights Act of 1875?
answer
It declared the act unconstitutional because Congress had violated the principles of federalism. It declared the act constitutional. It declared the act unconstitutional because it protected against acts of private discrimination, not state discrimination. The Supreme Court never heard a case concerning the constitutionality of this act.
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