Developmental Psych Final Test Answers – Flashcards

The logical principle that objects can be grouped according to some characteristic that they share is called

When capable of concrete operational thought, children

True or False – There is no sudden shift between preoperational and concrete operational thought.

Seven year old Hannah can arrange 10 buttons in order from smallest to largest. Her understanding of _______ allows her to accomplish this.

Vygotsky viewed __________ as being crucial to children’s development of skills and knowledge.

Tony came to walk with Jose to school. When Jose saw Tony’s notbook in his backpack, Jose rushed back into his house to retrieve his own notebook, which contained his homework. Jose’s sensation upon seeing Tony’s notebook became a perception, which triggered Jose’s _______.

When a symptom could have multiple causes, it is known as

Ten year old Wilson experiences extreme mood swings that do not seem to be influenced by life circumstances. At times he has told his parents that his teachers are idiots and he is smarter than all of them, and at other times he has so little energy he cannot get out of bed. Wilson may be diagnosed with

What ability is required for children to be aware of what they already know and what they still need to learn?

Howard Gardner proposed that

Achievement tests are to aptitude tests as

David is excitable, impulsive, and ver active. He also has great difficulty concentrating. He most likely has

Seamus is very talented at drawing and obsessive about details when drawing pictures. His speech is close to normal, but he tends to shy away from other children and is awkward when trying to relate to others. Which diagnosis would best fit Seamus’s behavior?

What is a sign of autistic spectrum disorder?

Jared, who speaks only English, has moved to Spain with his family. He attends a public school. All of his school subjects are taught in Spanish. Jared is learning spanish through

Obesity in children is related to

Treatments for obesity in children

In typical relationships, one would expect the most bickering between

Eva is about to become a teenage mother. Based on recent research, she and her child will better handle the situation if her parents

True or false – Youth continue to report sexual activity at younger and younger ages.

Suicidal ideation refers to

What is more common in adolescent boys than in adolescent girls?

Delilah is currently a 22 year old college student. Like most of her peers she believes that premarital sex is

The decrease of marriage during emerging adulthood in recent years

Emerging adults are in a high-risk category for

The people most apt to become postformal thinkers are those who

Which is generally type of identity is most fluid during emerging adulthood, gender, political, vocational, or religious?

For most Western emerging adults, what is considered the primary prerequisite for marriage?

A shift from problem solving to problem finding reflects the development of

Identify the possible reaction to stereotype threat

Compared to individuals without a college education, those with a college education tend to be

On average, well-being increases in emerging adulthood, as does the incidence of

The most common risk factor for suicide in general is

In the U.S. suicide spikes in which age group?

What physical changes typically occur in middle adulthood?

The many changes of menopause are caused by reduced

One of the effects of moderate drinking is

The Flynn effect refers to

The Flynn effect is most likely due to changes in

The research design that involves testing groups of subjects of different ages multiple times and comparing their scores with their own scores in previous periods in addition to the scores of new groups of adults of the same ages is called

Which of Sternberg’s three forms of intelligence is sometimes called “street smarts”?

Which is the best example of fluid intelligence?

A research is compiling data on the incidence of several different diseases. These data reflect

A group of friends, all about 60 years of age, are playing cards. What characteristic of senescence do they most likely have in common?

Which example relies most heavily upon crystallized intelligence?

The average age of menopause is about ____ years.

Women experience menopause; men experience _____.

Baltes and Baltes found that adults use their intellectual strengths to offset their age-related declining abilities through the process of

Experts tend to be intuitive, automatic, ________, and ________ in thier thinking.

Wendell has bone cancer and must use a wheelchair to accomplish his daily activities. He feels healthy and energetic and spends his days in a clown costume at the local children’s hospital. Is he disabled? Does he have a low or high level of vitality?

In general, post-menopausal women may reduce the severity of menopause if they

Susan’s grandmother, at age 80, is in Erikson’s final stage of adulthood, which is called

Research has shown that the _________, a period of unusual anxiety, reexamination, and transformation during middle adulthood proposed by Levinson, has more to do with historical circumstances than actual age.

Ronald seems to thrive on changing jobs, is artistic, and likes to try new things. He would be rated high on the personality dimension called

Samuel is moody, anxious, and self-punishing. Samuel is high in

Statistically, who is likely to have the most stable personality, a 5 year old boy, a 14 year old girl, a 23 year old man, or a 35 year old woman?

How does the relationship between siblings typically change from adolescence to adulthood?

After children have grown, most couples find that

Which factors make divorce more likely?

Research indicates that remarried people

Which personality trait tends to increase with age?

A group of people that move through life with an individual while providing both protection and encouragement is called a

Current objective research data from a large, randomly selected sample of same-sex partners is

The person most likely to take care of an older individual is

Many people are motivated to excel in their profession for more than just a paycheck. They work to achieve a sense of a job well-done. This would be an example of

What are some risk factors for divorce?

As people age, their friendships tend to

The term ageism refers to

One function of working memory is

What most distinguishes the old-old from the young-old?

Inez, age 76, believes she is independent and has personal autonomy. She is likely to be

The main reason we may not notice the young-old is that

Overall brain slowdown is evident in which of the following ways

Primary aging refers to age-related changes that

Paulo, age 62, has developed heart disease from a lifetime of smoking cigarettes. His heart disease is an example of

Autopsies show that the brains of Alzheimer victims

Vera was diagnosed with Alzheimer disease while in middle age. Her doctor told her family that compared to the kind of Alzheimer disease that develops in old age, this version

Wandering and getting lost is characteristic of which stage of Alzheimer disease?

The maximum life span is _______ for humans.

According to a comprehensive study, factors that contribute to a long life include

The fact that many older people begin to demonstrate an interest in painting, music, or woodworking supports the idea that older people

The main symptom of frontal lobe dementias is

A problem with the dependency ratio is that it

Limiting the time a person spends being ill or infirm is referred to as

What is epigenetics?

Based on research about SIDS, caregivers are advised that babies should be

The people in which group are definitely members of the same cohort?

An example of the “difference-equals-deficit” is

According to Piaget, when old ideas are restructured to include new experiences it is called

Which of these is the sequential order of Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development?

What is a “critical period” of development?

an example of a dependent variable might be

If a researcher finds a positive correlation between school grades and school attendance, one can conclude that

Research data that is open-ended and not easily transcribed into numbers is

Which type of research design is the most complex and beneficial way to study change over time?

The foundation of cognitive theory is

Behaviorists believe that psychologists should focus on

Genetic analysis has confirmed that race is a

At 55 years of age, Ross lost his job and had to be retrained in a new field that required taking a course over the Internet. Never having gone online, he was baffled while his younger classmates excelled. His frustration may be attributed to differences in the

Imagine you and your friend are having a discussion about politics. Your friend makes an argument that puts your views into disequilibrium. If you respond by believing that your friend is simply uniformed or dumb, Piaget would say that you are demonstrating

A researcher was interested in whether watching violence affected children’s behaviors. To examine this, he showed a violent film to one group of preschoolers and a nonviolent film to a second group of preschoolers, and then he observed their aggression levels. In this study, the independent variable was the

What are the possible consequences of low birthweight?

Justin and Jacob are identical twins. They are the result of

Holly learned from her science teacher that her height resulted from about 180 genes, each contributing a tiny amount of genetic information. Holly learned that her height was due to

The total collection of genes that an individual has is called his or her

Each individual inherits 23 chromosomes from their mother and 23 chromosomes from their father. In addition, epigenetic effects create an individual’s appearance and behavior to create a

In the U.S., what are the potential reasons for the rise in the frequency of LBW babies?

Cindy is doing a presentation on prenatal development and wants to present the three main periods of prenatal development in order from conception to birth. Cindy’s presentation uses the following order:

Which of the following would be almost completely related to social factors?

Harry was a preterm newborn who was born after 26 weeks of prenatal development. He now is a healthy, happy 2 year old. Harry’s ability to survive after being born so early was due in part to his reaching the

Kelley just had a baby and is now experiencing a sense of inadequacy and sadness. She may have

Down syndrome is also called

Some teratogens have a threshold effect, which means they are

Brown-eyed Alma has a blue-eyed mother and a brown-eyed father. In this case, her brown eyes were determined by a ______ allele

All is well with a neonate who has an APGAR score of

When infants turn their heads and suck in response to a touch on the cheek, they are demonstrating the

Research indicates that alcoholism may be caused by

Today, most developmentalists consider human-infant bonding

The area in the brain that plans, anticipates, and controls impulses is the ________ cortex.

The process through which unused and misconnected dendrites atrophy and die is called

Co-sleeping may be harmful to the baby if the mother

The sense that is the least developed at birth is an infant’s

Renee is concerned because her son is 13 months old and is starting to walk before learning to crawl. What advice would a pediatrician give Renee?

Why are breast-fed babies less likely to contract infectious diseases than bottle-fed babies?

Baby Hugh enjoys playing with his dad’s keys, but when his dad takes them away, Hugh does not search for them. Piaget would say that is because Hugh does not understand

Research indicates that infants reach the stages of Piaget’s sensorimotor intelligence ________ than Piaget originally predicted.

Research has found that child-directed speech is

Geoff has begun uttering one-word holophrases (e.g. “Dada!”). About how old is Geoff likely to be?

By 10 months of age, Alan has a vocabulary of a dozen words. B. F. Skinner would have attributed Alan’s rapid speech development mainly to

According to Chomsky’s theory of language acquisition,

James uses the word “more” to mean “I want another cookie.” In this case, “more” is a

Approximately how many hours per day does the average newborn spend asleep?

Large movements that coordinate many parts of the body are known as

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, breastfeeding is not as popular as it should be due to

A toddler experimentally varies the way she handles a ball–first squeezing it, then throwing it–in order to learn what effect each variation has. The child is demonstrating

Four month old Tammi and thirteen month old Dawn are left with a babysitter. How will they react?

If we place a dot of rouge on a 20 month old girl’s nose and stand the child in front of a mirror, she may then touch her own nose. This proves that the child has some

Research has found that a person’s temperament is

What are the four categories of temperament suggested by the New York Longitudinal Study

Jerome clings to his mother and refuses to leave her lap. Jerome is exhibiting _____________ attachment behavior.

A sign of secure attachment is when a child

Abed is 12 months old, and his uncle Frank is visiting for the first time in 6 months. Frank is visiting for the first time in 6 months. Frank is delighted to see his nephew, so as he enters the room, he booms, “There’s my little man!” Abed looks to his mother, who is smiling broadly at her brother Frank, and crawls to her to be picked up. Abed is demonstrating

How do people become “fixated” in a Freudian stage?

According to traditional behaviorism, personality is

According to cognitive theory, infants use their early relationships to develop a set of assumptions that become a frame of reference that may be used later in life. Such a set of assumptions is called a

Geoffrey enjoys spending time with his one year old son. Compared to his wife, Geoffrey’s interaction with their son is likely to be

According to Erikson’s theory, what holds true for most toddlers?

Jimmy’s dad comes home from grocery shopping, sees Jimmy sitting on the sofa, and says, “Where is that boy of mine?” Jimmy gives his dad a smile that spreads across his entire face, and his dad responds with an exaggerated surprised look. This is an example of

The Strange Situation measures how a child

Regina is easily disturbed, unhappy, and cries a lot. The New York Longitudinal Study researches would say that Regina’s temperament is

Most children who spend time in daycare are

Compared to the 1950s, children today are toilet trained

Child-centered programs are often influenced by the theories of

The ability to generate several thoughts in rapid succession is most specifically related to

Four year old Jonathan is sitting at the lunch counter next to his sister Erin. They are having hot dogs for lunch. When his mom cuts Jonathan’s hot dog into five pieces and Erin’s into six pieces, Jonathan protests, “Erin has more than me!” Which ability does Jonathan not yet demonstrate?

Britney understands that her father is crying because his best friend died. This shows that Britney has developed

The area of the brain that is crucial in expressing and regulating emotions is the

Kayla is 4 years old and has recently begun coordinating the two sides of her body more efficiently. This improvement can be attributed to

According to Vygotsky, a teacher who carefully plans each child’s participation in the learning process within the zone of proximal development uses

“I catched two mouses in a trap” is an example of

Ivan was playing under the kitchen table when he stood up suddenly and bumped his head. He pointed at the table and sternly said, “Naughty table!” This is an example of

When children hear a new word in a familiar context, they can simply add the word to a general category without fully understanding the word. This is called

Which environmental substance has been shown to reduce intelligence and increase behavior problems in young children?

A child who is unable to read a picture book independently gets help from an adult to accomplish the task. This assistance will only be effective if the

Which child is most apt to have the best-developed theory of mind, Nannette, age 3, who is the oldest of three children, Brianna, age 4, who is an only child, Boris, age 3 1/2, who has a twin sister, or Reginald, age 3 1/2, who has two older siblings?

A magician’s goal is to get the audience to focus on one aspect of his demonstration while he manipulates another. This is easy to do with preoperational children, as they are fooled by their tendency to

Evelyn dropped a tiny spot of ketchup on her pants during lunch. Even though her teacher was able to totally remove the spot, Evelyn is crying hysterically and says that she wants to go home because her outfit is ruined. Her behavior demonstrates the characteristic of preoperational thought known as

To ensure adequate nutrition and vitamin intake, what is recommended?

Which type of injury prevention begins after an injury and is done to limit the damage caused by the injury?

Tiara, Molly and Maria are playing dress-up. They are all princesses and have built a castle out of cardboard boxes and colored paper. What type of play are the three girls engaging in?

Jose demonstrates warmth and nurturance towards his children. He does not believe in punishment of any sort and does not have any rules for his children. His parenting style is

As a father, Aahil rates low on nurturance and communication and high on maturity and demands. He exhibits the __________ style of parenting.

According to Freud, boys in the third psychoanalytic stage of development

Which theory focuses on how children learn acceptable behaviors for their gender?

Four year old Amelia wants to play with her brother Garth’s trucks. Garth is six, and he tells her she can’t play with them because she’s a girl. Garth’s refusal is based on his

Karlene is trying to determine how long her 4 year old daughter should sit in time-out for diliberately pouring her juice on the floor. If she uses the estimate suggested in the textbook, her daughter will be in time-out for

The idea that child maltreatment is rare and perpetuated by disturbed strangers

An angry 5 year old girl might stop herself from hitting another child because she has developed

Girls usually develop emotional regulation ___________ boys.

Three girls spread a rumor that 7 year old Heather is a bed-wetter who still uses a pacifier. This is an example of ________ agression.

The individual most likely to have grown up with permissive parents is Richard who is obedient but not very happy, George who is happy and successful, Paul who is unhappy and lacks self-control, or Peter who is a gang member and drug user?

Which type of aggression tends to be most characteristic of 2 year old children?

Of the following types of child maltreatment, which is the most common, physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, or emotional abuse?

Risk factors for child maltreatment would include

Physical punishment

To make punishment more effective

Barbara is in the third grade. She spends many hours rehearsing her math skills, reading books, and collecting bugs. According to Erikson, Barbara is developing a healthy sense of ___________ through these tasks.

Andrea is a typical 11 year old whose growing self-consciousness and self-criticism drive her to frequently compare herself with her peers. If Andrea is like most children, such comparisons will

Since Carter’s mother suffers from depression and his father is an alcoholic, Carter is often neglected. Despite his circumstances, he maintains a positive outlook. What may be helping Carter to maintain his positive attitude?

Which family function is especially crucial in middle childhood?

Compared with single-parent homes, two-parent homes usually have

The happiest time in a marriage is

Ten year old India caught Lyndsey, her best friend, lying to her own mom. India will probably

Who is most apt to experience few psychological problems during middle childhood, a child raised by a single mom, a single dad, his biological mother and father, or a gay male couple?

Girls who bully typically

Carla is usually good because she is afraid that she will be punished if she isn’t. Carla is at which level of Kohlberg’s view of moral development?

Since he entered puberty, Barry has been staying awake late at night and craving sleep in the mornings. His parents should realize that this

Research indicates that female children who experience a gread deal of __________ while very young also experienced early puberty.

Typically, the adolescent who will probably find puberty the MOST difficult? Boy on-time maturer, girl late maturer, boy early maturer, or girl early maturer?

Changes in primary sex characteristics include

Patty is 5 feet tall and weighs 87 pounds, yet when she looks in the mirror, she sees an overweight girl. She does aerobics for two hours daily and eats very little. Patty most likely suffers from

A Florida man killed a doctor who performed abortions. the man knew this was a crime, and he knew he could be convicted of murder. He said stopping abortion was worht dying for. This is an example of:

What factors are related to resilience in at-risk children?

A 15 year old girl realizes that the dress she has worn to school has a small stain on it. Her belief that everyone will notice is an example of

Many adolescents feel that their own thoughts and experiences are far more extrordinary than those of other people. This is part of their

16 year old Paul drinks heavily and drives dangerously fast, believing that he cannot be hurt. Paul is demonstrating

Jeremy is 7 years old and has been asked to balance a scle with weights that can be hooked to the arms of the scale. Jeremy will probably

One of the most prominent aspects of adolescent thought is the ability to

All Christians believe in the Bible, and Josiah is a Christian; therefore Josiah believes in the Bible. This is an example of

Piaget called the reasoning that characterizes adolescence

According to Erikson, adolescents are in the stage of

17 year old Andrew failed several classes, lost his job, and spends most of his time sleeping on the couch. When his parents voice their disapproval, he replies, “Whatever.” Andrew’s response indicates:

When a person adopts parents’ or society’s roles and values without questioning and exploring a personal identity, it is referred to as identity

The term for a pause in identity formation, when alternatives are explored before final choices are made, is known as

Identity politics refers to the tendency to

Enrique believes that males should always be the ones to ask females out on dates. He thinks that if a man accepts an invitaiton for a date from a girl it makes him a wimp. This is an example of Enrique’s

Psychosocial development during adolescence involves the search for

Research has shown that adolescents tend to apply formal logic

Spreading insults and rumors by means of emails, text messages, or Web postings is called

Mary is an adolescent. According to Erikson, her new identity will be established by choosing

Yvette looks back at her life with pride, even though some aspects of her personal history include errors on her part. Yvette is in the stage that Erikson called

The idea that opportunities and roles are determined based on age is referred to as

Gender-stratification theory recognizes that men and women are pushed into certain roles because of their sex, roles that may ultimately

All of the following workers are likely to remain in the work force after age 60 except: an English professor, a unionized mechanic at a local factory, an independently employed cleaning lady, or a judge in a state court?

Religious involvement correlates with _________ because it promotes social relationships and healthy habits.

Which of the following is one of the ADLs?

The difference between ADLs and IADLs is that

Life satisfaction for the elderly correlates with

The style of grandparenting most common in the U.S. is the __________ style.

Who is most likely to be the healthiest and happiest at age 70, those who never married, those who are widowed, those who are divorced, or those who are married?

Generally, where do the elderly prefer to live?

Lloyd has retired from his career as a city administrator, disengaging from his work life. In a case like this, disengagement from one area of life

Laniya’s three grandchildren live with her because their mother is in jail. The term for the family structure that best describes the household of Laniya and her grandchildren is

Assisted living can be thought of as a combination of

People who are over the age of 65, and often over the age of 85, who are physically infirm, very ill, or cognitively disabled are referred to as the

Most elder abuse is committed by

What are the risk factors for elder abuse?