question

Who wrote a classic work distinguishing dyads from triads and argued that the number of people in a group is important in determining the form social relationships will take within that group?

answer

Simmel

question

Sociologist Georg Simmel (1950) argues that "sizes matters" in a group primarily because the number of people in a group determines:

answer

the structure social relations will take

question

In which of the following groups is a coalition formation possible?

answer

dyads

question

The most important difference between primary and secondary groups has to do with:

answer

the kinds of relationships that exist within them

question

What kind of group ceases to exist if even one member leaves the group?

answer

dyads

question

When you go on a date with another person, you have formed a:

answer

union

question

Simmel describes the basic forms of political relations a third party can assume when joining a dyad. Which of the roles listed below was NOT discussed by Simmel?

answer

a third party who drives a wedge between a dyad

question

IF the buying public can be seen as playing two producers off against each other and promoting their self-interest by gaining the lowest price, the buying public could be viewed as playing the role of:

answer

the third that rejoices

question

If step siblings are asked to share bedrooms or other possessions, and one of them views such sharing as an intrusion, he or she may have difficulty overcoming the tendency to play the role of ______ between his or her parent and the new stepmother or stepfather.

answer

divide et impera

question

Marina is a ten year old girl who idolizes singers like Mariah Carey and Christina Aguilera. She compares herself to them and imitates them while singing in front of her bedroom mirror. These singers are known as Marina's:

answer

reference group

question

A group that helps us understand our position relative to other small groups is a (n):

answer

reference group

question

Juan and Sylvester are collaborating on a project at work, but are having trouble agreeing on objectives and goals. Henry senses the trouble they are having and steps in to help them refine their goals and come to an agreement. The manager is pleased with Henry's success in diffusing a potentially problematic solution and promotes Henry to project leader. Henry assumes which of Simmel's roles?

answer

tetras gaudens

question

A set of stories that ties you to a social group is known as a:

answer

narrative

question

Janet was surprised to find out her gynecologist, Dr. Herrring, was good friends with her tennis partner, Sally. Janet had met Sally years ago in graduate school, while Dr. Herring knew Sally from church. The nature of their relationship to Sally is what sociologists call a(n0:

answer

tie

question

The sum of stories about a set of ties that exist between people is known as a:

answer

narrative

question

weak ties are valuable parts of a social network because:

answer

they are more likely to introduce us to new information and ideas

question

The example of how real estate agents earn money by contractually maintaining or creating distance or contact between potential buyers and sellers highlights witch of the following?

answer

structural holes

question

Although we frequently speak of "six degrees of separation," in fact, approximately ______ of the people in the world are connected to each other through

answer

half

question

________ is/are the information, knowledge of people or things, and connections that help individual center preexisting networks or gain power from them.

answer

social capital

question

According to datât presented in Chapter 5, which of the following is true regarding social capital in the United States today?

answer

social capital is decreasing

question

Which of the following is true regarding the Amish community's beliefs and practices?

answer

The Amish are more ;likely to start successful businesses than the general public

question

In contrast to Putnam's claims that civic engagement (and social capital) has declined, sociologist Robert Wuthnow contends that:

answer

social capital never declined or disappeared, but merely changed forms

question

Today, the legal approach to immigration in the United States is based on which of the following?

answer

people's family preferences and ties

question

Because of the Hart-Cellar CACt, immigrants who come to the United States today have it much easier than previous generations because they:

answer

have more connections to housing, jobs, and other resources in their community

question

In hopes of earning a few dollars on investments they no longer use or want, some people take their household items to consignment shops, while other people sell their items on eBay. Which method of selling can be argued to have more structural holes?

answer

selling though a consignment shop, because buyers are prevented from negotiating with sellers

question

WHIch of the following is true regarding the applicability of network analysis within sociological research?

answer

It can be used in both micro-level and macro-level studies

question

a friendship group isn't an example of a formal organization because:

answer

friends typically dont have formal rules and governing structures

question

a local organization values democracy and diversity and therefore solicits input on every decision it makes and uses recruiting strategies that are likely to attract a wide variety of applicants. These beliefs and behaviors are part of the:

answer

organizational structure

question

The flagship university in your state recently completed a new state-of-the-art student center, complete with bowling alleys, fast-food outlets, group study space, and the latest green technology. Shortly after it was finished, almost every other university in your state began clamoring of ra new student center, too. How would the theory of institutional isomorphism explain this?

answer

Universities operate in the same environment and therefor end up looking alike

question

Sexual orientation was grounds for excluding immigrants from the United States until:

answer

1990

question

Crime and violence:

answer

can be the same or entirely different phenomena

question

Violation of laws enacted by society is also known as:

answer

crimes

question

Durkheim's theory and research on deviance fall within which of the main sociological theories?

answer

functionalist

question

The functionalist perspective on deviance argues that deviance:

answer

is necessary for a society's survival

question

A society characterized by a high degree of sameness among the individual participants, in which participants perform largely the same function, has:

answer

mechanical solidarity

question

Mark is a member of a small tribe in New Guinea. The majority of people in his group fish for sustenance and share their catch with all the other members. Most of the people in his culture are very similar in their values, norms, and outlook on life. Mark steals form another member of his tribe. He will probably receive which type o social realignment?

answer

mark will be shamed in front of the entire tribe

question

When a prison offers educational opportunities, mental health treatment, and job training programs to inmates, which response to deviance is it engaging in?

answer

rehabilitative

question

Punishments that attempt to restore the status quo that existed prior to the offense are known as:

answer

restitutive

question

Why is the United States best described as having a mix of mechanical and organic sanctions?

answer

The United states applies mechanical sanctions in some contexts and organic sanctions in other contexts

question

The act o abiding by a society's norms is known as which of the following?

answer

normative compliance

question

A factory worker wins $10 million in the lottery. HE doesn't know what to do with his good fortune, so he commits suicide. Durkheim would say he has committed _______ type of suicide.

answer

anomic

question

Which of the following is a major difference between the symbolic interactionalist (SI) and functionalist perspectives on deviance?

answer

SI sees deviance as negative, and functionalism sees it as positive

question

Victor Rios wrote Punished; The Criminalization of Inner City Boys (2010), in which he questions whether:

answer

increasing police in inner-city neighborhoods actually increases criminal records of the youth there

question

Which of the following is an example of a symbolic interactionist theory of deviance?

answer

labeling theory

question

According to Becker, why do marijuana smokers enjoy using the drug?

answer

They engage in a social process of learning to define the experience as fun and pleasurable

question

The student guards in Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment behaved the way they did because:

answer

they experienced the Lucifer effect, in which they were affected by social surroundings and cultural experiences

question

If a label is said to be "sticky" in referring to deviance, it means that:

answer

the Mafia is behind the deviance

question

labeling theory focuses on:

answer

the social process through which people become deviants

question

Which term best describes what happens when other people label a person and that label affects his or her actions?

answer

secondary deviance

question

When an elementary school student is labeled as the "Class clown" by his teacher, and then adopts the persona and lives up to others' expectations by acting silly, the class clown label has become a:

answer

stigma

question

How does social context affect crime, according to the broken windows theory?

answer

Evidence of disorder, such as broken windows, sends a signal that it's acceptable to engage in further deviant behaviors such as vandalism

question

When analyzing US crime rates, your textbook author explains that the best indicator we have of crime is the:

answer

MURDEr rate

question

What is one difference between street crime and white-collar crime??

answer

Street crime usually occurs in public; white-collar crime usually occurs in private

question

Charles is a 41 year old man who recently got caught committing a crime serving a long prison sentence. This is an example of:

answer

recidvism

question

Illegal drug dealing is an example of which of the following types of crimes, as defined by sociologists?

answer

street crimes

question

An elementary school isn't a total institution because:

answer

student leave every afternoon and adopt different roles at that time

question

An example of emerging resistance to public surveillance is a project that allows users in New Your City to access maps showing the locations of cameras. This project is called:

answer

iSee

question

One of the major changes associated with the modern prison system is:

answer

the shift from "violence against the body" to "reforming the soul"

question

Bentham;s term for circular buildings in which prisoners are watched by guards or others at all times is:

answer

panopticons

question

In 1973, the governor of New York State enacted legislation mandating increased prison terms fro drug possession and sale. There are still in effect and are known as:

answer

the Rockefeller drug laws

question

According to data on mass incarceration in the United States, the national cost per prisoner is approximately how much per year?

answer

$20,000

question

What percentage of the US voting age population is not allowed to vote because of prior crime convictions?

answer

2.5%

question

Rousseau believed that the source of all social ills was:

answer

private property

question

According to Rousseau, there are two forms of inequality: ______ or natural, and _________, or political.

answer

physical;social

question

WHIch kind of inequality did Rousseau believe would always exist?

answer

physical

question

Karl Marx and Jean-Jaques Rousseau tended to agree on at least one thing. They both felt that the primary source of social ills in shirty was die to the emergence of:

answer

private property

question

Ferguson and Millar saw social developments resulting from the establishment of private property as representing a huge improvement in society because private property leads to higher degrees of social organization and:

answer

efficiency

question

What is the term that refers to a form of wealth that can be stored for the future?

answer

assets

question

Thomas Malthus believed that the human population grows _________, but the ability to produce food increases ________.

answer

geometrically; arithmetically

question

One of the best ways to reduce the number of children born (according to Sachs) is to:

answer

provide family planning

question

You are dependent on your professor for your grade. Your professor, in turn, is dependent on you for his/her job. Hegel would call this a(n):

answer

dialectic relationship

question

A system in which advancement is based on individual achievement or ability is referred to as:

answer

meritocratic

question

An example of the ideology of equality of condition put into practice is:

answer

affirmative action

question

Business managers are examples of what concept?

answer

meritocracies

question

Professionals, small business owners, and craftsmen are referred to as:

answer

petit bourgeoisie

question

A stratification system with a governing elite- that is, few leaders who broadly hold the power in society- called a(n) ______ system.

answer

elite-mass dichotomy

question

Mills believed that centralized power in the hands of a few _________ democracy

answer

hurt

question

Historically, Marx's capitalist class was made up of members of the:

answer

upper class

question

secretary changing firms but retaining his or her occupational status

answer

An example of horizontal social mobility is a(n):

question

Opponents of the estate tax have consistently portrayed ________ as its undeserving victims, although it only affects a small number of such individuals.

answer

farmers

question

opponents of the estate tax argue that taxing accumulated wealth:

answer

discourages would be entrepreneurs from taking risks

question

Soros has suggested that repealing the estate tax would result in a shift of the tax burden onto earnings, which would shift it onto people:

answer

with less money

question

Soros has suggested that repealing the estate tax would result in a shift of the tax burden onto earnings, which would shift it onto people

answer

with less money

question

Opponents of the estate tax argue that taxing accumulated wealth:

answer

discourages would be entrepreneurs from taking risks

Sociology Ch 5 Study Guide – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards