FAMR Exam #1 – Flashcards
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A comprehensive, organized explanation of many phenomena is called a: A. Hypothesis B. Theory C. Conclusion D. Development
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B. Theory
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A hypothesis is a(n): A. experiment. B. prediction that can be tested. C. conclusion drawn from research. D. replication of a scientific study.
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B. prediction that can be tested
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Experiments allow researchers to: A. study the natural environment. B. study the complexity of an individual. C. use the scientific method in a cost-effective way. D. determine a cause-and-effect relationship.
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D. determine a cause-and-effect relationship
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According to Abraham Maslow, all people: A. have the same basic needs and drives. B. are driven by inner drives and motives. C. learn from the environment. D. learn from observing others.
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A. have the same basic needs and drives
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In the science of human development, "nurture" refers to: A. universal traits. B. biological traits. C. environmental influences. D. unique traits.
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C. environmental influences
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IRB stands for: A. Institutional Review Board. B. International Research Board. C. Internal Review Board. D. Intelligence Research Board.
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A. Institutional Review Board
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An example of a behavior by a researcher that would be considered unethical is: A. halting the study if harm is suspected. B. changing the data to support the hypothesis. C. obtaining informed consent. D. maintaining confidentiality.
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B. changing the data to support the hypothesis.
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According to Piaget, when old ideas are restructured to include new experiences it is called: A. learning. B. assimilation. C. equilibrium. D. accommodation.
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D. accommodation.
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Based on research about SIDS, caregivers are advised that babies should be: A. put to sleep on their backs. B. put to sleep on their stomachs. C. kept in a very warm bedroom. D. fed right before being put to bed.
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A. put to sleep on their backs.
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Behaviorists believe that psychologists should focus on: A. observable behaviors. B. inner drives and motives. C. a person's ideas and beliefs. D. a person's sexual conflict.
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A. observable behaviors.
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A person's macrosystem includes: A. political processes. B. their peer group. C. school and church. D. historical setting.
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A. political processes.
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A teratogen is any agent or condition that increases the risk for: A. prenatal abnormalities. B. damage to the placenta. C. extra chromosomes. D. male infertility.
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A. prenatal abnormalities.
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What is the main function of the placenta? A. screening out potentially harmful substances B. exchanging blood between the mother and the developing embryo C. protecting and surrounding the developing fetus D. creating antibodies for the developing fetus
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B. exchanging blood between the mother and the developing embryo
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Identical twins are also called _____ twins. A. monozygotic B. dizygotic C. zygotic D. gamete
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A. monozygotic
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During the germinal period of prenatal development, some cells become part of the brain, some become part of the leg, and some become part of the stomach, etc. The term for this process is: A. duplication. B. division. C. differentiation. D. specialization.
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C. differentiation.
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Down syndrome is also called: A. trisomy-12. B. trisomy-13. C. trisomy-21. D. trisomy-31.
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C. trisomy-21.
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Each molecule of DNA is called a(n): A. chromosome. B. RNA. C. gene. D. zygote.
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A. chromosome.
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Brown-eyed Alma has a blue-eyed mother and a brown-eyed father. In this case, her brown eyes were determined by a _____ allele. A. dominant B. recessive C. dominant-recessive D. dizygotic
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A. dominant
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During the germinal period, the first task of the zygote's outer cells is: A. differentiation. B. duplication. C. germination. D. implantation.
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D. implantation.
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A baby born three or more weeks early is called: A. premature. B. preterm. C. low birthweight. D. small for gestational age.
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B. preterm.
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For which illness is an immunization NOT available? A. malaria B. measles C. whooping cough D. smallpox
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A. malaria
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The distinct language form known as "baby talk" is a: A. verbal collection of facts and myths about having and caring for babies. B. teaching technique used to accelerate language acquisition. C. simplified language that adults use when talking to babies. D. preverbal sound (like "ga ga" and "goo goo") that mothers often make.
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C. simplified language that adults use when talking to babies.
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Binocular vision appears between _____ months of age. A. 2 and 4 B. 6 and 8 C. 10 and 12 D. 14 and 16
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A. 2 and 4
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After a child's vocabulary has reached about 50 expressed words, vocabulary will increase by approximately _____ words per month. A. 25 to 50 B. 50 to 100 C. 100 to 125 D. 125 to 150
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B. 50 to 100
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Neurons in the brain meet at "intersections" called: A. synapses. B. cortexes. C. axons. D. dendrites.
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A. synapses
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Pruning is the process by which: A. brain centers are rewired following localized brain damage. B. the left hemisphere specializes for language processing. C. the frontal lobe disengages from the prefrontal cortex. D. unused connections between neurons are eliminated.
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D. unused connections between neurons are eliminated.
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According to Chomsky's theory of language acquisition: A. children learn language through a complex process of imitation and reinforcement. B. children have an inborn ability to learn language. C. the inability to learn language is due to specific brain dysfunctions. D. language learning utilizes one particular structure in the brain.
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B. children have an inborn ability to learn language.
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Breast milk: A. is deficient in iron and vitamin C. B. is more likely than formula to produce allergies. C. provides antibodies to fight diseases. D. upsets the baby's digestive system more than formula.
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C. provides antibodies to fight diseases.
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Newborns prefer: A. their mother's language more than any other language. B. animal sounds more than speech. C. normal speech more than baby talk. D. traffic noises more than music.
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A. their mother's language more than any other language.
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According to Piaget, a stage-five sensorimotor baby is like a: A. child in the "terrible twos." B. neurotic person who cannot take no for an answer. C. mime who imitates behavior of all kinds. D. scientist who experiments to see what will happen.
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D. scientist who experiments to see what will happen.
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If we place a dot of rouge on a 20-month-old girl's nose and stand the child in front of a mirror, she may then touch her own nose. This proves that the child has some: A. dynamic perception. B. perceptual constancy. C. social referencing. D. self-awareness.
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D. self-awareness.
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A baby searches the faces of her parents to see how to respond in unfamiliar situations. This is called: A. separation anxiety. B. social referencing. C. stranger anxiety. D. uncertainty checking.
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B. social referencing
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Research has found that a person's temperament is: A. highly variable from one country to the next. B. determined almost entirely by parenting. C. linked to biological patterns that appear in infancy. D. created during early social interactions.
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C. linked to biological patterns that appear in infancy.
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Usually, stranger wariness is first noticeable at _____ months. A. 3 B. 4 C. 9 D. 12
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C. 9
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A sign of secure attachment is when a child: A. refuses to let go of the caregiver's arm. B. plays aimlessly without interacting with the caregiver. C. shows extreme fear and anger. D. maintains contacting with the caregiver while exploring.
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D. maintains contacting with the caregiver while exploring.
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Synchrony depends on: A. attention span. B. stable mood. C. responsiveness and timing. D. breast-feeding.
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C. responsiveness and timing.
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_____ learning takes place by observing others. A. Cognitive B. Psychoanalytic C. Social D. Developmental
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C. Social
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A toddler in Freud's anal stage would also be at Erikson's: A. autonomy versus shame and doubt stage. B. oral stage. C. trust versus mistrust stage. D. object permanence stage.
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A. autonomy versus shame and doubt stage.
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A child fixated in the oral stage may become an adult who: A. eats too much. B. is excessively neat. C. is a homosexual. D. has intense fears.
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A. eats too much.
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Proximal parenting tends to produce children who are: A. self-aware. B. compliant. C. competitive. D. independent.
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B. compliant.
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The "just-right" phenomenon: A. refers to young children's insistence on routine. B. becomes particularly evident after six years of age. C. is a pathological development in a young child. D. is uncommon in children under six.
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A. refers to young children's insistence on routine.
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Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention of child maltreatment? A. decreasing family isolation B. home visits by a social worker C. removing an abused child from the home D. preventing teen pregnancy
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C. removing an abused child from the home
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An example of overregularization is: A. "It's snowing so I can build a snowman." B. "The moon looks happy tonight." C. "He hitted me with the stick." D. "Yesterday, I want to go to the park."
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C. "He hitted me with the stick."
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According to Vygotsky, the internal dialogue that we have with ourselves either silently or out loud is referred to as: A. theory of mind. B. guided participation. C. private speech. D. apprenticeship.
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C. private speech.
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The specialization of the functioning of the two halves of the brain is called: A. linearization. B. lateralization. C. equalization. D. disequilibrium.
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B. lateralization.
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Which of the following is a characteristic of preoperational thought? A. logic B. centration C. mathematical ability D. reversibility
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B. centration
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A child's ability to add new vocabulary words very quickly is called: A. fast-mapping. B. word mapping. C. mental language. D. word charting.
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A. fast-mapping.
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A critical-period view of language learning refers to: A. the sensitive time for prefrontal cortex development. B. the only time language can be learned. C. the best time to learn a language. D. second-language acquisition.
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B. the only time language can be learned.
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Jake's father is taking him to the barber for his first real haircut. At first, Jake is excited about his first trip to the barber, but as soon as the barber makes the first cut in his hair, he becomes very upset and tells his father to make the barber stop. In spite of his father's efforts to assure Jake that his hair will grow back, Jake is exhibiting the concept of: A. illogic. B. centration. C. egocentrism. D. irreversibility.
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D. irreversibility.
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Myelination: A. connects the two halves of the brain. B. compensates for loss of brain function due to injury. C. promotes regular childhood sleep patterns. D. speeds up the transmission of neural impulses.
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D. speeds up the transmission of neural impulses.
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A person's understanding of the thoughts of other people is called: A. intuitive psychology. B. psychological schemata. C. theory of mind. D. self schemes.
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C. theory of mind.
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A parenting style characterized by high parent-to-child communication, low warmth, and high expectations of maturity is: A. authoritarian. B. authoritative. C. permissive. D. neglectful.
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A. authoritarian.
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The Electra complex causes girls to: A. resent their father because he has a penis. B. adore their father and resent their mother. C. prefer their mother to their father. D. try to make peace when parents fight.
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B. adore their father and resent their mother.
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A child having an imaginary friend is an example of: A. self-control. B. intrinsic motivation. C. extrinsic motivation. D. protective optimism.
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B. intrinsic motivation
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Excessive guilt, shame, or sense of worthlessness constitutes which of the following? A. extrinsic motivations B. intrinsic motivations C. internalizing problems D. externalizing problems
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C. internalizing problems
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Identify the prosocial behavior: A. Savannah takes out the garbage for a quarter. B. Selena helps her mother so that her mother will take her to the park. C. Jana says "please" when asking her mother for the car keys. D. Beth feeds her baby brother because her mother is sick.
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D. Beth feeds her baby brother because her mother is sick.
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Aggression used to obtain a toy or other object is: A. bullying. B. instrumental. C. reactive. D. personal.
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B. instrumental.
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A child's cognitive understanding of sex differences would be his or her: A. Oedipal complex. B. Electra complex. C. superego. D. gender schema.
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D. gender schema.
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Erikson's stage that occurs between 3 and 6 years of age is called: A. initiative versus guilt. B. phallic pride versus penis envy. C. the preoperational stage. D. autonomy versus inferiority.
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A. initiative versus guilt.
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According to the text, sociodramatic play may help children to develop: A. theory of mind. B. gross motor skills. C. aggressive tendencies. D. antisocial behavior.
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A. theory of mind.
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Achievement tests are designed to measure: A. how much has been learned. B. potential for accomplishment. C. capacity for divergent thinking. D. verbal abilities.
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A. how much has been learned.
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Metacognition refers to: A. better problem-solving strategies. B. better problem-solving abilities. C. thinking about one's thinking processes. D. considering multiple alternatives.
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C. thinking about one's thinking processes.
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Asperger syndrome is a specific type of autistic ______ disorder. A. connective B. enhancement C. spectrum D. comorbid
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C. spectrum
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David is excitable, impulsive, and very active in addition to having difficulty concentrating. He might have: A. ADD. B. ADDA. C. ADHD. D. an anxiety disorder.
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C. ADHD.
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The DSM 5 is a manual for: A. comparing schools on compliance with laws regarding special education in the United States. B. diagnosing mental disorders. C. educating children with special needs. D. None of the answers is correct.
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B. diagnosing mental disorders.
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According to Piaget, which of the following abilities do children gain during middle childhood? A. conservation B. abstract reasoning C. logic D. egocentrism
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C. logic
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Asthma is a disorder caused by ______ of the airways. A. enlargement B. inflammation C. destruction D. missing portions
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B. inflammation
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The approach to teaching a second language in which children spend the entire day instructed in the second language is referred to as the _____ approach. A. bilingual schooling B. immersion C. heritage language D. additive bilingual
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B. immersion
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The information-processing theory likens many aspects of human thinking to the organization and functioning of: A. animals. B. high-level business companies. C. computers. D. athletic teams.
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C. computers.
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According to the usual definition, a child with a learning disability often: A. has notable vision or hearing problems. B. is of low intelligence. C. lives in stressful environments. D. has no apparent physical handicap.
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D. has no apparent physical handicap.
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Conventional morality involves: A. the careful consideration of all options. B. following what parents, teaching, and peers do. C. seeking pleasure and avoiding pain. D. trying to take care of one's own needs.
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B. following what parents, teaching, and peers do.
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Girls who bully typically: A. use threats of force. B. mock and ridicule their victim. C. are larger than average in size. D. have older sisters who are aggressive.
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B. mock and ridicule their
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According to Erikson's theory, children in middle childhood tend to judge themselves as either: A. suppressed or superior. B. industrious or inferior. C. competent or awkward. D. intelligent or stupid.
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B. industrious or inferior.
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During the latency stage, children: A. develop sexual feelings toward their opposite-sex peers. B. seek to establish their identity. C. attempt to learn self-control. D. assimilate cultural values.
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D. assimilate cultural values.
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Preconventional morality involves: A. the careful consideration of all options. B. an emphasis on laws and social order. C. an emphasis on reward and punishment. D. trying to gain the approval of others.
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C. an emphasis on reward and punishment.
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According to the text, what method is MOST effective in stopping bullying in schools? A. focusing on children in higher grades B. focusing on children in lower grades C. instituting a zero-tolerance policy D. using a whole-school strategy
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D. using a whole-school strategy
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During the school years, self-esteem typically: A. increases. B. decreases. C. stays the same. D. fluctuates up and down.
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B. decreases.
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Children's ideas about their intelligence, personality, abilities, gender and ethnic background form their: A. industry. B. egocentrism. C. latency. D. self-concept.
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D. self-concept.
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The best example of an aggressive-rejected child is: A. Veru, who is disliked by most children because she is so uncooperative. B. Theresa, who is popular but hated by many children. C. Greg, who is ignored by most children. D. Maher, who changes friends often.
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A. Veru, who is disliked by most children because she is so uncooperative.
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A common characteristic of bullies is that they: A. lack friends. B. are rejected by their peers. C. lack empathy. D. only bully during middle childhood.
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C. lack empathy.
