Psych 110 Chapter 1 – Flashcards
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Birth of Psychology
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December 1879, Germany's University of Leipzig, Wilhelm Wundt
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Wilhelm Wundt
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created an experiment seeking to measure "atoms of the mind"; late 1800s, CREATED THE FIRST PSYCHOLOGY LAB
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Structuralism
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early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Tichener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind, mental processes, cognitive, short and long term memory
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Introspection
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Unreliable, looking inward
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Introspection and Structuralism
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As introspection declines so did structuralism
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Tichner
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Wundt's student
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Functionalism
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early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function ---how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish
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William James
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known as the father of psychology, professor at Harvard University, functionalist, studied Steele of consciousness
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Mary Calkins
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mentored by William James, was denied her Ph.D. By Harvard because she was a woman, first female president of APA (American Psyology Association)
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Margret Washburn
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first woman to receive a psychology Ph.D.
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What event defined the start of scientific psychology?
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Scientific psychology began in Germany in 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt open the first psychology laboratory.
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Why did introspection fail as a method for understanding how the mind works?
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People's self-reports varied, depending on the experience and the person's intelligence and verbal ability.
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______ used introspection to define the mind's makeup, _______ focused on how mental processes enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.
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Structuralism, functionalism
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John B. Watson and later B.F. Skinner
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dismissed introspective and refined psychology as "the scientific study of observable behavior"
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John B. Watson
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working with Rayner, championed psychology as the science of behavior, famous for "Little Albert"-- says phobias are made, phobias are conditioned and can be unconditioned, 1920s
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B.F. Skinner
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following in footsteps of Watson, 1950s, rejected introspection, studied how consequences shape behavior
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Behaviorism
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the view that psychology (1)should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to metal processes. Most research psychologists today's agree with (1) but not (2)
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Freudian Psychology
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emphasizes the ways the ways our unconscious thought processes and our emotional responses to childhood experiences affect our behavior
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Humanistic psychologists
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historically significant perspective that emphasizes the growth potential of healthy people; how current environmental influences can nurture or limit our growth potential, and the importance of having our need for love and acceptance stratified, counterculture of the 1960s
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Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
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Thought behaviorism and Freudian psychology was too limiting
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Cognitive Psychology
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scientifically explored how we perceive, process, and remember information, and even why we can get anxious or depressed
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Cognitive Neuroscience
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the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language); studying brain waves
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Psychology
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the science of behavior and mental processes
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Mental processes
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the internal, subjective experiences we infer from behavior----sensations, perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs, and feelings
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How did cognitive revolution effect the field of psychology?
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It recaptured the felid's early interest in mental processes and made them legitimate topics for scientific study.
