question

Which European power established itself along the coast of present-day Brazil during the sixteenth century?

answer

Portugal

question

Which of the following best describes Britain's initial approach to ruling over its North American settler colonies?

answer

It established joint stock companies and granted royal charters to wealthy individuals.

question

Which of the following was a reform instituted by Peter the Great during his reign as tsar of Russia between 1689 and 1725?

answer

He created a new educational system for the sons of noblemen.

question

Which of the following was a distinctive feature of the Qing dynasty?

answer

They were of nomadic origin, hailing from Manchuria.

question

What geographic advantage did Europeans have in their effort to found empires in the Americas?

answer

The fixed winds of the Atlantic blew steadily in the same direction.

question

What was the Tupac Amaru revolt of 1780-1781?

answer

Native revolt in Peru

question

When did the empire constructed by Russia between 1500 and 1800 finally collapse?

answer

It collapsed in 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

question

Which empire brought together much of Hindu South Asia under Muslim rule?

answer

Mughal Empire

question

Which stimulant crops were first cultivated in the Americas before spreading across the globe during the Columbian exchange?

answer

Tobacco and chocolate

question

Which of the following statements best reflects Spain's economic relationship with its American colonies?

answer

Despite Spanish efforts, smuggling allowed Spanish colonists to exchange goods with Spain's rivals, undermining the economic benefits of the colonial empire.

question

As part of his reforms, Peter the Great founded this city to be Russia's "window on the West."

answer

Saint Petersburg

question

Which of the following was a policy instituted by the Mughal emperor Akbar concerning Hindu women?

answer

He persuaded merchants to set aside special market days for women to moderate their seclusion in the home.

question

At what point did numbers of Native Americans begin to recuperate following the arrival of Eurasian diseases in the late fifteenth century?

answer

In most places, they had begun to recuperate their numbers by the late seventeenth century.

question

From whom did the Europeans learn about large-scale sugar production?

answer

Arabs

question

This colonial product, in great demand on the world market, was known as "soft gold."

answer

Fur

question

Which Mughal emperor tried to impose Islamic supremacy in the Mughal Empire?

answer

Aurangzeb

question

What enabled Europeans to carve out huge empires an ocean away from their homelands during the early modern period?

answer

Europeans were able to take advantage of divisions within and between local Native American societies.

question

What was encomienda?

answer

It was a legal system in Spanish America that granted groups of native people to work for settlers.

question

What was a yasak in seventeenth-century Siberia?

answer

Tribute paid by conquered people

question

Who was the greatest Mughal emperor who instituted sweeping policies of religious accommodation?

answer

Akbar

question

What is mercantilism?

answer

It is an economic policy which holds that a country's interests are best served by encouraging exports and accumulating bullion.

question

In what way did the pastoral peoples who inhabited the grasslands to the south and east of the emerging Russian state in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries contribute to the growing Russian Empire?

answer

They posed a security threat that encouraged Russia to expand its state into this region to protect its people.

question

What name is given to the enormous network of communication, trade, and transference that the European colonial empires in the Americas generated?

answer

Columbian exchange

question

For the mercantilist rulers of Europe, what did American colonies represent?

answer

Closed markets for manufactured goodsClosed markets for manufactured goods

question

Which Russian ruler established religious tolerance for Muslims in the late-eighteenth century and created a state agency to oversee Muslim affairs?

answer

Catherine the Great

question

Which colony produced as many as forty separate groups to indicate different racial mixtures?

answer

Brazil

question

What happened to Siberia upon the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991?

answer

It remained an integral part of the Russian state.

question

Which of the following is an Old World crop that was soon established in Europe's American colonies?

answer

Wheat

question

What are creoles?

answer

Persons of Spanish ancestry born in the Americas

question

Which of the following became part of the Russian Empire in the early modern period?

answer

Siberia

question

The single most important factor that aided the European conquest of the Americas was

answer

disease.

question

What was the term for the children of Portuguese African unions in Brazil?

answer

Mulatto

question

Which two empires established the border between their states through the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689?

answer

Russian and Chinese empires

question

What was the main source of the silver that transformed the world economy in the early modern period?

answer

Mexico and Peru

question

In the seventeenth century about how many indigenous hunting, gathering, and herding people lived in Siberia?

answer

Less than 250,000

question

What great city, conquered in 1453, became the capital of the Ottoman Empire?

answer

Constantinople

question

The two regions of the Americas that had the greatest concentrations of people in the decades before the arrival of the Europeans were

answer

Mesoamerica and the Andes.

question

How did children born of unions between Russians and native Siberians fit into society during the early modern era?

answer

They were generally absorbed into the Russian population.

question

Beyond his religious policies, what caused Aurangzeb's subjects to organize in opposition to his rule?

answer

He made intolerable demands for new taxes.

question

Which of the following statements best describes Spanish conquerors' relations with native women in the Americas?

answer

Many Spaniards married elite native women.

question

Which of the following rulers initiated a massive modernization and administrative reform of Russia at the opening of the eighteenth century?

answer

Peter the Great

question

Which of the following territories did the Ottomans fail to incorporate into their empire?

answer

Vienna

question

How did Governor Bradford of the Plymouth colony react to the massive die-off of Native Americans during the seventeenth century?

answer

He saw it as the hand of God at work.

question

What is devshirme. in the early modern Ottoman Empire?

answer

Tribute of young boys that the Ottomans levied on Christian communities

question

Which collection of American crops became important calorie producers in China?

answer

Corn, peanuts, and sweet potatoes became important calorie producers.

question

Why did many Russian migrants choose to settle in Siberia?

answer

They had access to better land.

question

The population of Central Mexico plummeted from 10 to 20 million at the time of Europe's arrival to

answer

about 1 million by 1650.

question

Which of the following can be characterized as a "sugar colony"?

answer

Brazil

question

Which of the following was a critical reason why Native Americans died in such large numbers from European diseases?

answer

They lacked most domesticated animals before the arrival of the Europeans.

question

What position did Indians occupy in Spanish colonial societies?

answer

They were abused and exploited as the primary labor force of Spain's colonial empire.

question

The colonies of which European power were the most cultural blended in the seventeenth century?

answer

Spain

question

Which city-state emerged in the fifteenth century from two centuries of Mongol rule to build the Russian Empire?

answer

moscow

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