Question 1

The process of getting information out of memory is called

Accepted Answer

Retrieval

Question 2

Which of the following is the best definition of the modern memory model \"connectionism\"

Accepted Answer

The view that memory emerges from interconnected neural networks

Question 3

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system is called ____ memory

Accepted Answer

Long-term

Question 4

Automatic processing and effortful processing involve two types of

Accepted Answer

Encoding

Question 5

You are most likely to automatically encode information about

Accepted Answer

The sequence of your day\'s events

Question 6

Jamille performs better on foreign language vocabulary tests if she studies the material 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates

Accepted Answer

The spacing effect

Question 7

Children can better remember an ancient Latin verse if the definition of each unfamiliar Latin word is carefully explained to them. This illustrates

Accepted Answer

Semantic encoding

Question 8

Chunking refers to

Accepted Answer

The organization of information into meaningful units

Question 9

Sabrina went to the store for furniture polish, carrots, pencils, ham, sponges, celery, notebook paper, and salami. She remembered to buy all these items by reminding herself she needed food products that included meats and vegetables and that she needed nonfood products that included school supplies and cleaning aids. Sabrina made effective use of

Accepted Answer

Hiearchical organization

Question 10

The increase in synaptic firing potential that contributes to memory formation is known as

Accepted Answer

Long-term potentiation

Question 11

Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called

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Flashbulb memories

Question 12

The accuracy of the flashbulb memories of those who witnessed the 2010 earthquake in Haiti best illustrates that memory formation is facilitated by

Accepted Answer

The body\'s release of stress hormones

Question 13

Patients who have experienced brain damage may be unable to form new personal memories but are able to learn to do jigsaw puzzles, without awareness of having learned them. This suggests

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The system for creating explicit memory has been affected, not the implicit memory system

Question 14

Many people restrain their classically conditioned fears without any conscious recollection of how or when those fears were learned. This illustrates ___ memory

Accepted Answer

Implicit

Question 15

When an eyewitness to an auto accident is asked to describe what happened, which test of memory is being used

Accepted Answer

Recall

Question 16

James took special classes to learn Spanish in elementary school. As a young adult, he decided to serve in the Peace Corps and was sent to Guatemala. While he had forgotten most of his early Spanish training, he quickly remembered it. This illustrates that

Accepted Answer

The speed of relearning confims that information is stored and accessible

Question 17

After his last drinking spree, Fakim hid a half-empty liquor bottle. He couldn\'t remember where he hid it until he started drinking again. Fakim\'s pattern of recall illustrates

Accepted Answer

State-dependent memory

Question 18

Negative recall primed by distressing emotions most clearly illustrates

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Mood-congruent memory

Question 19

Austin can\'t remember Jack Smith\'s name because he wasn\'t paying attention when Jack was formally introduced. Austin\'s poor memory is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

Encoding failure

Question 20

The title of a song is on the tip of Gerard\'s tongue, but he cannot recall it until someone mentions the songwriter\'s name. Gerad\'s initial inability to recall the title was most likely caused by

Accepted Answer

Retrieval failure

Question 21

After studying biology all afternoon, Alonzo is having difficulty remembering details of the organic chemistry material that he memorized that morning. Alonzo\'s difficulty illustrates

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference

Question 22

Philippe has just completed medical school. In reflecting on his years of formal education, he is able to recall the names of all his instructors except the fifth-grade teacher who flunked him. According to Freud, his forgetting illustrates

Accepted Answer

Repression

Question 23

The misinformation effect refers to the

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Incorporation of misleading information into one\'s memory of an event

Question 24

Your friend told you that eating chocolate was shown to improve memory recall. You may later recall this \"fact\" but forget where you heard it. You assume that you heard it on the news, a credible source, so you begin eating chocolate. Your behavior illustrates

Accepted Answer

Source amnesia

Question 25

Karl and Dee had a joyful wedding ceremony. After their painful divorce, however, they began to remember the weddign as a hectic and unpleasant event. Their recollections illustrate the nature of

Accepted Answer

Memory construction

Question 26

Mrs. Ramos claims to remember being sexually abused by her father when she was less than a year old. Memory experts are most likely to doubt the reliabilty of her memory due to their awareness of

Accepted Answer

Infantile amnesia

Question 27

When we use the word \"automobile\" to refer to a category of transport vehicles, we are using this word as a

Accepted Answer

Concept

Question 28

By dividing broad concepts into increasingly smaller and detailed subgroupings, we create

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Category hiearchies

Question 29

In testing thousands of different materials for use as lightbulb filaments, Thomas Edison illustrated a problem solving approach known as

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Trial and error

Question 30

In trying to figure out how to copy and paste an item into a document, Arlene could try all possible key combinations or she could check the pull-down menus, a much faster way to solve her problem. Arlene is relying on

Accepted Answer

Heruistics

Question 31

A sudden realization of the solution to a problem is called

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Insight

Question 32

University students were asked to figure out the rule used to devise the three number sequence 2-4-6. After generating sets of three numbers to learn whether their sets met the rule, they typically convinced themselves of the wrong rule. Their errors illustrate the impact of

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Question 33

When given a candle, tacks, and a box of matches and asked to mount the candle on a wall, people often fail to think of using the matchbox as a candleholder. This illustrates

Accepted Answer

Functional fixedness

Question 34

The tendency to conclude that a person who likes to read poetry is more likely to be a college professor of classics than a truck driver illustrates the use of

Accepted Answer

The representativeness heuristic

Question 35

Lyle was asked if more words start with the letter r, or have r as the third letter. Since he could think of more words that started with r he concluded that must be the correct answer. Lyle\'s reasoning illustrates

Accepted Answer

The availability heuristic

Question 36

Students routinely underestimate how much time it will take them to complete assigned course projects. This illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

Overconfidence

Question 37

Andre first became suspicious of his roommate\'s honesty while trying to account for his own missing wallet. Although Andre later recalled that he had left his wallet in his own car, his newly formed doubt about his roommate\'s honesty remained as strong as ever. Andre\'s irrational suspicion of his roommate illustrates

Accepted Answer

The belief perseverance phenomenon

Question 38

Experienced chicken sexers can tell you a chick\'s sex at a glance, yet cannot tell you how they do it. Their acquired expertise is such an automatic habit that it feels like

Accepted Answer

Intuition

Question 39

People are very likely to decide to be organ donors when the default option on their renewable driver\'s license forms it yes but they can choose to drop out. They are much less likely to decide to be organ donors if the default option on their license forms is no but they can choose to opt in. This illustrates

Accepted Answer

Framing

Question 40

When Fred pronounced the words \"this\" and \"that,\" he noticed that they share a common

Accepted Answer

Phoneme

Question 41

Morphemes are

Accepted Answer

The smallest speech units that carry meaning

Question 42

Chomsky\'s theory of language development suggests that children have an inborn

Accepted Answer

Language acquisition device

Question 43

Noam Chomsky argues that children\'s readiness to learn language is a

Accepted Answer

Biological predisposition

Question 44

The best evidence that there is a critical period for language acquisition is the fact that

Accepted Answer

People most easily master the grammar of a second language during childhood

Question 45

Which of the following best illustrates psychology\'s current understanding of the relationship between thinking and language

Accepted Answer

Thinking affects language, which then affects our thoughts

Question 46

A two year old child is frightened by a small dog. A few weeks later the same child sees a cat and becomes frightened. The child\'s reaction is an example of

Accepted Answer

Stimulus generalization

Question 47

Rudolph spends hours painting in his studio, even though he sells few pictures. Which of the following explains Rudolph\'s creative productivity

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation

Question 48

The correlation between the IQ scores of identical twins reread apart are lower than those of identical twins reread together. This difference is best explained by

Accepted Answer

Environment plays an important role in determining IQ

Question 49

Individuals who accept personal responsibility for their life experiences may be characterized as having

Accepted Answer

Internal locus of control

Question 50

One perspective in clinical psychology proposes that adaptive and abnormal behaviors can be developed through similar processes. Which of the terms characterizes this approach to abnormal behavior

Accepted Answer

Behavioral

Question 51

Which of the sets has the greatest standard deviation

Accepted Answer

2,7,9,22

Question 52

Early behaviorists believed that psychology should not focus on \"the mind\" because \"the mind\" is

Accepted Answer

Unobservable

Question 53

The psychologists who first developed encounter groups and sensitivity-training groups based their work on which approach to therapy

Accepted Answer

Humanistic

Question 54

A researcher studies the effects of brain lesions in ratas. This research study reflects which perspective

Accepted Answer

Biological

Question 55

Which of the following is characterized by a periodic appearance of sleep spindles

Accepted Answer

Stage 2 sleep

Question 56

In the 1960s, humanistic psychologists considered the approach advanced by behaviorists to be excessively

Accepted Answer

Mechanistic

Question 57

Professor Delano suggests that because people are especially attracted to those who are good-looking, handsome men will be more successful than average-looking men in getting a job. The professor\'s prediction regarding employment success is an example of

Accepted Answer

Hypothesis

Question 58

Correlational research is most useful for purposes of

Accepted Answer

Prediction

Question 59

When the observed difference between the means of an experimental group are not likely due to chance, researchers conclude that this difference is

Accepted Answer

Statistically significant

Question 60

Sir Charles Sherrington observed that impulses took more time to travel a neural pathway than he might have anticipated. His observation provided evidence for the existence of

Accepted Answer

Synaptic gaps

Question 61

The chemical messengers released into the spatial junctions between neurons are

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters

Question 62

Alzheimer\'s disease is most closely linked to the deterioration of neurons that produce

Accepted Answer

Acetycholine

Question 63

Direct stimulation of the motor cortex would be most likely to result in

Accepted Answer

Movement of the mouth and lips

Question 64

While mapping the motor cortex, researchers Forester and Penfield found that

Accepted Answer

Body areas requiring the greatest control occupied the greatest amount of cortical space

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