Psychology Midterm, part 2 – Flashcards
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Encoding a written word semantically rather than on the basis of the word's written appearance illustrates a distinction between A. implicit and explicit memory. B. iconic and echoic memory. C. deep and shallow processing. D. declarative and nondeclarative memory.
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C
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The title of a song is on the tip of Gerard's tongue, but he cannot recall it until someone mentions the songwriter's name. Gerard's initial inability to recall the title was most likely caused by A. retrieval failure. B. automatic processing. C. repression. D. encoding failure.
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A
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After his last drinking spree, Fakim hid a half-empty liquor bottle. He couldn't remember where he hid it until he started drinking again. Fakim's pattern of recall best illustrates A. state-dependent memory. B. the serial position effect. C. priming. D. flashbulb memory.
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A
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To remember the information presented in her psychology textbook, Susan often relates it to her own life experiences. Susan's strategy is an effective memory aid because it facilitates A. nondeclarative memory. B. iconic memory. C. deep processing. D. mnemonics.
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C
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George Miller proposed that about seven information bits constitutes the capacity of ________ memory. A. nondeclarative B. implicit C. short-term D. explicit
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C
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Sherry easily remembers the telephone reservation number for Holiday Inn by using the mnemonic 1-800-HOLIDAY. She is using a memory aid known as A. acronym. B. the peg-word system. C. chunking. D. deep processing.
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C
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Which type of memory has an essentially limitless capacity? A. short-term memory B. procedural memory C. working memory D. long-term memory
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D
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Encoding that requires attention and conscious awareness is called A. the spacing effect. B. shallow processing. C. recognition. D. effortful processing.
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D
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After recovering from a stroke, Farina was able to learn how to hit a tennis ball. She is unable, however, to learn and remember the name of the rehabilitation therapist who has been working with her each day to develop her tennis swing. Farina is most likely to have suffered damage to her A. basal ganglia. B. hippocampus. C. hypothalamus. D. cerebellum.
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B
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Hermann Ebbinghaus discovered that the rate at which we forget newly learned information is initially A. rapid and subsequently stays rapid. B. rapid and subsequently slows down. C. slow and subsequently stays slow. D. slow and subsequently speeds up.
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B
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The address for obtaining tickets to a popular quiz show flashes on the TV screen, but the image disappears before Sergei has had a chance to write down the complete address. To his surprise, however, he has retained a momentary mental image of the five-digit zip code. His experience best illustrates ________ memory. A. echoic B. iconic C. long-term D. shallow
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B
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Joshua vividly recalls his feelings and what he was doing at the exact moment when he heard of his grandfather's unexpected death. This best illustrates ________ memory. Select one: A. sensory B. flashbulb C. procedural D. implicit
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B
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A lack of conscious memories of your first three years of life best illustrates A. the primacy effect. B. priming. C. infantile amnesia. D. long-term potentiation.
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C
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The ability of some Alzheimer's patients to learn how to do something despite the fact that they have no conscious recall of learning their new skill best illustrates the need to distinguish between A. infantile amnesia and source amnesia. B. encoding failure and storage decay. C. proactive interference and retroactive interference. D. explicit memory and implicit memory.
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D
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After having brain surgery to stop severe seizures, Henry Molaison could recall events he experienced prior to the surgery but was unable to form new conscious memories. Molaison's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates A. retroactive interference. B. proactive interference. C. anterograde amnesia. D. retrograde amnesia.
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C
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Many of the experimental participants who were asked how fast two cars in a filmed traffic accident were going when they smashed into each other subsequently recalled seeing broken glass at the scene of the accident. This experiment best illustrated A. source amnesia. B. proactive interference. C. explicit memory. D. the misinformation effect.
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D
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The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items is known as A. the serial position effect. B. implicit memory. C. priming. D. state-dependent memory.
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A
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Words, images, and other bits of information used to access a stored memory are called A. LTP. B. flashbulbs. C. state dependent. D. retrieval cues.
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D
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The integration of new incoming information with knowledge retrieved from long-term memory involves the activity of A. implicit memory. B. iconic memory. C. working memory. D. echoic memory.
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C
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The process of encoding refers to A. the persistence of learning over time. B. getting information into memory. C. the recall of information previously learned. D. a clear memory of an emotionally significant event.
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B
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It has been suggested that Alaskan Eskimos' rich vocabulary for describing snow enables them to perceive differences in snow conditions that would otherwise go unnoticed. This suggestion most clearly illustrates A. linguistic determinism. B. perceptual set. C. universal grammar. D. telegraphic speech.
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A
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Boys outnumber girls at extremely ________ levels of verbal fluency and at extremely ________ levels of mathematical problem-solving ability. A. low; high B. high; high C. high; low D. low; low
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A
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Dean overestimates the proportion of family chores for which he takes sole responsibility because it's easier for him to recall what he has done than to recall what other family members have done. This best illustrates the impact of A. the availability heuristic. B. framing. C. confirmation bias. D. overconfidence.
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A
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The part of the cerebral cortex that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is known as A. Broca's area. B. the parietal lobe. C. Wernicke's area. D. the temporal lobe.
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A
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Telegraphic speech is most closely associated with the ________ stage of language development. A. semantic B. two-word C. one-word D. babbling
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B
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Noam Chomsky has emphasized that the acquisition of language by children is facilitated by A. an inborn readiness to learn grammatical rules. B. their ability to imitate the words and grammar modeled by parents. C. the learned association of word sounds with various objects, events, actions, and qualities. D. the positive reinforcement that adults give children for speaking correctly.
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A
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An IQ of approximately 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the normal demands of life is most clearly an indication of A. savant syndrome. B. autism. C. an intellectual disability. D. a developmental disorder.
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C
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By about age 7, those who have not been exposed to either a spoken or a signed language gradually lose their ability to master any language. This illustrates the importance of ________ for language acquisition. A. perceptual set B. linguistic determinism C. a critical period D. an outcome simulation
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C
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The similarity between the intelligence test scores of identical twins raised apart is A. greater than that between ordinary siblings reared together. B. equal to that between fraternal twins reared together. C. less than that between children and their biological parents. D. equal to that between identical twins reared together.
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A
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Spearman's g factor refers to A. a highly developed skill or talent possessed by a person with an otherwise limited mental ability. B. the ability to understand and regulate emotions. C. a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks. D. the genetic contribution to intelligence.
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C
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The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas is called A. heuristics. B. framing. C. creativity. D. convergent thinking.
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C
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To determine whether a child's intellectual development was fast or slow, Binet and Simon assessed the child's A. emotional intelligence. B. mental age. C. achievement. D. crystallized intelligence.
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B
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Prototype is to category as ________ is to ________. A. rope; weapon B. rose; flower C. man; woman D. couch; bed
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B
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Which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating? A. cognition B. mental set C. heuristic D. algorithm
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A
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Babies in an Iranian orphanage suffered delayed intellectual development due to A. heritability. B. stereotype threat. C. polygenetics. D. a deprived environment.
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D
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A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of A. belief perseverance. B. framing. C. the availability heuristic. D. an algorithm.
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D
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The ability to learn a new computer software program is to ________ as knowledge of state capitals is to ________. A. intellectual disability; savant syndrome B. fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence C. crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence D. savant syndrome; intellectual disability
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B
