question

Michael is 12 years old and is ongoing chemotherapy treatment, Michael experienced nausea and vomiting. After several treatments, Michael now experiences anticipatory nausea as soon as he enters the treatment room and before he receives the chemotherapy. In this classical conditioning example, Michael's initial chemotherapy treatment would be considered the

answer

Unconditioned Stimulus

question

Katherine is a telemarketer who receives $25 for every calls she makes. Katherine is on which schedule of reinforcement?

answer

Fixed Ratio

question

All intervals schedules of reinforcement are

answer

Related to the passage of time

question

Which of the following occurs whenever a person or animal forms a simple connection among various stimuli and/or responses?

answer

Associative Learning

question

The area known as the blind spot is so named because

answer

There are no photoreceptors in this area

question

Olfaction and gustation are considered

answer

Chemical Senses

question

The reinforcer follows every correct response in which reinforcement schedule?

answer

Continuous

question

Psychoactive drugs can be placed on a scale ranging from

answer

stimulation to depression

question

Children tend to act as if parents give them the message, Do as I do, not as I say". This because of the powerful effect of

answer

Modeling

question

A college student drifting into a pleasant daydream while sitting at the back of class, three business women having wine at a wine bar, and an actor consulting a hypnotist to reduce stage of fright are all

answer

Experiencing different states of consciousness

question

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are two types of

answer

Associative

question

Sharon seems depressed and just wants to nap all the time during the day. She is exhibiting symptoms of the sleep disturbance known as

answer

Hypersomnia

question

You work with a loud obnoxious person and have learned to 'go in the opposite direction" whenever you see him coming down the hall so you will not have to get into a conversation with him. Your behavior illustrates

answer

Avoidance Learning

question

In Bandura's classic Bo-Bo doll experiment, most of the children imitated

answer

All of the models, whether live, filmed, or cartoon

question

A type of learning in which we cease paying attention to familiar stimuli is known as

answer

Habituation

question

Mary wants to increase the amount of time that she studies each for school. Which of the following should NOT be a part of her behavioral self-management plan?

answer

Daily punisher and weekly punisher for not meeting goals

question

One thing that reinforcement and punishment have in common is that both

answer

Are less effective if they are delayed

question

Punishment is best defined as

answer

Any event that decreases the probability or frequency of a response it follows.

question

The chief characteristic of hypnosis is

answer

Increased Suggestibility

question

Meditation techniques that involve widening one's attention to become aware of everything experienced at any given moment are referred to as

answer

Mindfulness

question

Which of the following exists when a person compulsively uses a drug to maintain physical or bodily comfort.

answer

Psychological Dependence

question

The presence of a drug tolerance and withdrawal symptoms are indicative of

answer

Physical Dependence

question

Which of the following is the tendency to make an operant response when stimuli is previously associated with reward are present and to withhold the response when stimuli is associated with non reward are present?

answer

Operant Stimulus Discrimination

question

To modify their own nightmares, nightmare sufferers can use

answer

Imagery Rehearsal

question

According to Freud, the four dream processes include condensation, displacement, secondary elaboration, and

answer

Symbolization

question

Two important aspects of stimulus control are

answer

Operant stimulus generalization and operant stimulus discrimination

question

Learning is best defined as

answer

A relatively permanent change in behavior due to past experience.

question

Learning includes changes in behavior as a result of

answer

experience

question

We spend most of our lives in a state of consciousness that is organized, meaningful , and clear and is referred to as

answer

Waking Consciousness

question

La Monte had trouble; concentrating in class today. His roommate noticed La Monte's hands are trembling; his speech is slurred; and he is having trouble even naming common objects. La Monte is most likely suffering from

answer

Sleep Loss

question

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, the conditioned response was

answer

Salivation to the bell

question

Regarding teenagers and sleep, which of the following statements is FALSE?

answer

Rapid physical changes during puberty decreases the adolescent's need for sleep.

question

Learning that involves the paring of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli is called

answer

Classical Conditioning

question

_____________ studied a little boy named Albert

answer

Watson

question

An automatic, non learned innate response to a stimulus is a

answer

Reflex

question

Higher order conditioning is defined as

answer

A conditioned stimulus that is used to reinforce further learning.

question

The Skinner Box is also called a

answer

Conditioning Chamber

question

____________ said, " Most dreams are a special message about what is missing in our lives, what we avoid doing when awake, or feelings that need to re-own

answer

Perls

question

With regard to eyewitness testimony, a victim's testimony is usually more accurate than individuals who just observed that event occurring

answer

False

question

Learning is a change in behavior caused by maturation and practice

answer

False

question

Events that precede a response are called antecedents, while the effects that follow a response are called consequences

answer

True

question

In Pavlov's experiments, the meat powder (food) placed on the dog's tongue was the conditioned stimulus

answer

False

question

You are a very good bowler now, but you did not start out that way. Your father reinforced you for each small improvement you made over several months through a process known as shaping

answer

True

question

Your dog jumps up on you when you get home; and you eliminate thus behavior by ignoring the dog when it jumps on you. The ignoring of this response would be an example operant extinction

answer

True

question

According to Freud, when several people, objects, or events are combined into a single dream image, the dream process of secondary elaboration has taken place.

answer

False

question

John Watson used dogs to study salivation.

answer

False

question

A behavior that is repeated because it appeared to produce reinforcement is called superstitious behavior.

answer

True

question

Negative reinforcement decreases the likelihood that a response will reoccur.

answer

False

question

An example of a primary reinforce would be food

answer

True

question

Primary Reinforcers are learned and non-natural

answer

False

question

Regarding short-term memory (STM), which of the following statements is True?

answer

It is very difficult to do more than one task at a time in STM.

question

Plutchik's Eight Primary Emotions are

answer

Anticipation, joy, trust, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger.

question

The three stages of memory include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

Eidetic

question

BSRI consists of 60 personal traits: 30 for masculine, "20 for feminine and '10 for neutral (read carefully)

answer

False

question

The study of meanings in words and language is called

answer

Semantics

question

Because physiological needs must be met if we are to survive, they tend to be

answer

Prepotent over the higher needs

question

At the bottom or base of the hierarchy of need pyramid is

answer

physiological needs

question

Savant Syndrome refers to person who has

answer

Limited intelligence but shows exceptional abilities in art, music, mental arithmetic, or calendar calculations.

question

The cognitive theory of emotion emphasizes

answer

the combined effects of physical arousal and emotional labels

question

Organizing information into larger units as a way of improving the efficiency of short term memory is called

answer

chunking

question

Visual sensory images that persist for about one-half second after being seen are referred to as

answer

iconic memories

question

Another name for short-term memory, especially as it is used for thinking and problem-solving is __________ memory.

answer

working

question

Humans produce around __________ facial expressions.

answer

20,000

question

Schachter's cognitive theory emphasizes the influence of which of the following on emotion?

answer

labeling and interpretation.

question

When there is a loss of water from the fluids within the cells in a person's body, he or she will experience

answer

intracellular thirst

question

Negative emotions tend to narrow our focus, while positive emotions tend to broaden our focus.

answer

True

question

The more you know, the harder it becomes to add new information to long-term memory.

answer

False

question

The psychological expression of internal needs or valued goals is referred to as

answer

drive.

question

Which of the following statements best characterizes the memory system?

answer

an active system for manipulating information

question

The fluid reasoning section of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Fifth Edition (SB5) requires the test taker to complete analogy questions, fill-in-the-missing-shape in a group of shapes, and tell a story about what is happening in a series of pictures.

answer

True

question

The more information you learn, the easier it becomes

answer

to add new information to memory.

question

Selective encoding is the ability to compare new problems with old information or with problems already solved.

answer

'False'.

question

Which of the following refers to the process of initiating, directing, sustaining, and terminating the activities of an organism?

answer

motivation

question

Short-term memories are most often stored

answer

phonetically.

question

When you feel hunger or thirst, each of these psychological states would be classified as which element of motivation?

answer

drive

question

Which of the following represents a category of related objects or events and helps us identify important features of the world?

answer

concept

question

_______________ is the hereditary aspects of personality, including sensitivity, moods, irritability, and adaptability.

answer

Temperament

question

Which of the following would be an example of short-term memory?

answer

looking up a phone number and remembering it while you dial

question

Sensory memory is the stage of memory that

answer

holds an exact record of incoming information for a few seconds or less

question

This Freudian stage involves the child noticing and being physically attracted to parent of the opposite sex.

answer

Phallic

question

Which of the following theories of emotion would explain that the feelings occur after the bodily arousal, that is, you see a bear, you run, are aroused, and, lastly, you feel fear?

answer

James-Lange theory

question

Agreeable, ambitious, cautious, competitive, hostile, striving, and honest are all traits of a Type A personality.

answer

True

question

Which of the following is a stimulus motive?

answer

physical contact

question

Thinking involves the manipulation of three basic forms of thought, which are

answer

images, concepts, and language.

question

You define a vacation as "sitting on a beach reading a book," while your sister considers "rock climbing and hiking" to be a vacation, which illustrates your different denotative meanings of "vacation."

answer

False

question

Sigmund Freud called the full use of potential self-actualization and described a hierarchy of human needs.

answer

False

question

The "target" of one's motivated behavior is known as a

answer

goal.

question

The basic speech sounds of a language are called

answer

phonemes

question

Which theory of emotion explains that emotions occur when physical arousal is labeled or interpreted on the basis of your past experiences, the situation, and the reactions of others?

answer

Schachter's cognitive theory

question

Our motives and emotions are influenced by which of the following?

answer

all of these

question

Children who are born blind display the basic emotional expressions in the same way sighted people do.

answer

True

question

Which of the following is a learned motive

answer

power

question

Memories elicited by the electrical stimulation of the brain suggest that every experience a person has ever had is recorded permanently in long-term memory.

answer

False

question

Motivation is defined as

answer

internal mechanisms which initiate, maintain, direct, and terminate behavior

question

The Types of Motives are Biological, Stimulus, and Learned.

answer

'True'.

question

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following would have to be satisfied BEFORE a person would show interest in satisfying love and belonging needs?

answer

physiological needs and safety needs

question

The "Big Five" personality factors include the following, except

answer

Introversion

question

The three basic units of thought are creativity, intelligence, and problem solving.

answer

False

question

In the motivational sequence, needs generate drives, which in turn activate

answer

responses

question

________ said that emotions are influenced by how you think of an event in the first place.

answer

Richard Lazarus

question

Sensory, short-term, and long-term are the three

answer

stages of memory

question

In decision making, we tend to give less weight to a choice if it seems representative of what we already know.

answer

False

question

Your ideas, perceptions, and feelings about who you are is defined by

answer

Self-Concept

question

Which of the following is a formal guideline for deciding whether objects or events belong to a category or class?

answer

conceptual rule.

question

Picture-like mental representations, or icons, are called

answer

images

question

The memory system used for relatively permanent storage of meaningful information is called __________ memory.

answer

long-term

question

Which of the following refers to processing a mental representation of a problem or situation?

answer

cognition

question

According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, optimum performance occurs at higher levels of arousal for simple tasks and lower levels of arousal for complex tasks.

answer

True

question

The needs for power, affiliation, approval, status, and security are classified as __________ motives.

answer

learned

question

Selective attention determines what information moves from sensory memory into short-term memory.

answer

True

question

A person is able to move information to the second memory stage by focusing on a selected portion of a sensory input, a process known as

answer

selective attention

question

Children who are born blind display the basic emotional expressions in the same way sighted people do.

answer

True

question

Another name for short-term memory, especially as it is used for thinking and problem-solving is __________ memory.

answer

working

question

The Types of Motives are Biological, Stimulus, and Learned

answer

True

question

Information is initially converted into a form that can be retained. This conversion part of the memory process is known as

answer

encoding.

question

The complete set of rules for a language that determines how to make sounds into words and words into sentences is called

answer

grammar

question

Hunger, thirst, pain avoidance, sleep needs, and regulation of body temperature are ___________ motives.

answer

biological

question

Regarding Schachter's cognitive theory, we likely choose the appropriate label by deciding which source is leading to the arousal through a process of

answer

attribution.

question

If you are asked, "Which direction do you turn the hot-water handle in your kitchen to shut off the water?" you would most likely use kinesthetic images to answer this question.

answer

True

question

Moral Anxiety comes from threats of punishment from the superego

answer

True

question

The basic speech sounds of a language are called

answer

phonemes.

question

The three basic processes of memory are

answer

encoding, storage, and retrieval.

question

This Freudian stage involves the child noticing and being physically attracted to parent of the opposite sex.

answer

Phallic

question

Learning by simple repetition is known as

answer

rote learning or rote rehearsal

question

_______________ is the hereditary aspects of personality, including sensitivity, moods, irritability, and adaptability.

answer

Temperament

question

Cattell created the 16 PF surface traits that gives a "picture' of an individual's personality. (Read this one carefully!)

answer

False

question

Which of the following involves internal representations that permit you to look at numerous options before acting and allows you to avoid making mistakes?

answer

planning

question

When we must make a choice among various alternatives, which of the following often determines intuitively what seems to be the right answer?

answer

emotional reactions

question

Mental images tend to be flat, like photographs

answer

False

question

Which of the following summarizes the relationships among arousal, task complexity, and performance?

answer

Yerkes-Dodson Law

question

Learned motives involve needs that are

answer

often social in nature.

question

When you need information stored in computer files, you select the file and open it. When you need information from your long-term memory, you utilize the memory process known as

answer

retrieval

question

Memory is an active system that

answer

does all of these

question

What is the correct order of needs in Maslow's hierarchy?

answer

physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, self-actualization

question

After working to solve a problem for three hours, Larry has just about "given up" until he suddenly realizes the "perfect" solution and wonders why he did not think of it sooner. Larry has just experienced

answer

insight.

question

Emotional intelligence involves the ability to perceive, use, understand, and manage emotions and includes such skills as self-awareness, empathy, and self-control.

answer

True

question

When one classifies information into meaningful categories, one is using the process called

answer

concept formation

question

The following types of individuals could be diagnosed as having ASPD

answer

Both choices are correct

question

__________ is the tendency to attribute behavior of others to internal causes while attributing one's own behavior to external causes

answer

Actor-Observer Bias

question

Rudolph is afraid of leaving his own house because he fears that a panic attack will occur in a public place. This is common in ________ disorder

answer

Agoraphobia (with Panic )

question

Any psychological technique used to facilitate positive changes in personality, behavior, or adjustment is defined as psychotherapy

answer

True

question

SSRS are rates the impact of various life events on the likelihood of contracting illness.

answer

False

question

________ was once used to refer to excessive anxiety, somatoform, dissociative disorders, and some kinds of depression

answer

Neurosis

question

________ is defined as the mental and physical condition that occurs when a person must adjust or adapt to the environment.

answer

Stress

question

Lindsey is experiencing symptoms of temporary amnesia, multiple personality, or depersonalization. She is most likely to be diagnosed with _________.

answer

Dissociative Disorder

question

Compulsion is the recurring images or thoughts that a person cannot prevent.

answer

False

question

During a trial, Dr. Sinster suggested that Bill lacks the ability to be aware of the consequences of his actions and therefore, should receive treatment for insanity. This means that the judge can order Bill to receive treatment against his will.

answer

True

question

____________ is behavior that makes it difficult to function, to adapt to the environment, and to meet everyday demands.

answer

Maladaptive Behavior

question

Lucy is dealing with an ongoing stressor that is causing her to become irritable, lose sleep. She is most likely dealing with a ___________.

answer

Adjustment disorder

question

Persuasion is the deliberate attempt to change attitudes or beliefs through information and arguments.

answer

True

question

Door-in-the-Face Technique describes a person who has agreed to a small request is more likely later to agree to a larger demand.

answer

False

question

_______ focuses on problems of existence, such as meaning, choice, and responsibility.

answer

Existential therapy

question

This types of therapy involves teaching the clients to accept responsibility for their thoughts and actions.

answer

Gestalt therapy

question

_______ occurs if the response is not followed by reward after it has been repeated many times.

answer

Extinction

question

Yoshi is experiencing symptoms of vertigo, chest pain, choking, and fears that he is losing control. All these describe a panic attack.

answer

True

question

Ascribed and achieved role are two types of ________

answer

patterns of behavior expected of people in various social positions

question

_________ is the acquired inability to overcome obstacles and avoid aversive stimuli

answer

Learned Helplessness

question

This psychologist studied the concepts of _________by asking subjects to select the line that most closely matches the standard line while in a group setting.

answer

Conformity

question

Two types of frustration includes:

answer

External frustration and Personal frustration

question

__________ studied learned helplessness.

answer

Seligman

question

Habitual and unconscious psychological processes designed to reduce anxiety are ______________

answer

Defense Mechanism

question

All of the following are ways to promote health, except:

answer

Acceptance skills training Correct

question

This psychologist believed that physical symptoms that occur without physiological causes were the root of deeply hidden unconscious conflicts.

answer

Freud

question

Two forms of conflicts include Avoidance-Avoidance Conflicts and Approach-Avoidance Conflicts.

answer

True

question

Jim uses behavioral strategies such as guided imagery and progressive relaxation to reduce stress and improve coping skills. These are ways to manage __________.

answer

Stress

question

___________ reduces fear and anxiety by holding upsetting thoughts in your mind while rapidly moving your eyes from side to side.

answer

Eye Movement Sensitization and Reprocessing

question

All of the following are reactions to frustration, except

answer

Scaping

question

All of the following are types of schizophrenia, except

answer

Differentiated Schizophrenia

question

Suicidal behavior usually progresses from suicidal thoughts to suicidal threats to suicidal attempts to completed suicide.

answer

True

question

A stressful condition that occurs when a person must choose between contradictory needs, desires, motives, or demands defines ___________

answer

Conflicts

question

Some examples of Freudian defense mechanisms include: Denial Repression Projection Reaction Formation

answer

True

question

Ambiguity is defined as the mixed positive and negative feelings; central characteristic of approach-avoidance conflicts

answer

False

question

_________ is the desire to associate with other people

answer

Need for affiliation

question

Reinforcement, punishment, or other consequences that are applied only when a certain response is made is known as the _____________

answer

Response-Contingent Consequences

question

Psychoimmunology studies connections among behavior, stress, disease, and immune system. Select one:

answer

False

question

________ is the loss of contact with reality marked by hallucinations, delusions, disturbed thoughts and emotions, and personality disorganization

answer

Psychosis

question

Behavior planning is the process of using classical or operant conditioning principles to directly change human behavior

answer

False

question

Over-disclosure occurs when self-disclosure exceeds what is appropriate for a relationship or social situation

answer

True

question

Client-Centered Therapy is directive and is based on insights from conscious thoughts and feelings.

answer

False

question

Improvement of a psychological condition due to time passing without therapy is the process of spontaneous remission.

answer

True

question

Low intelligence, stressful living conditions, genetic defects, and learning disorders are all general risk factors for contracting a mental illness

answer

True

question

Group prejudice occurs when members of another racial or ethnic group are perceived as a threat to one's own interests

answer

False

question

Billy receives 1 star every hour he successfully completes without throwing a tantrum. At the end of the day, he needs to have at least 5 stars to get his favorite hotwheels toy car. What do the stars represent?

answer

Tokens

question

Feelings of tension, uneasiness, apprehension, worry, and vulnerability are defined as __________.

answer

Anxiety

question

__________ uses latent content, manifest content, and dream symbols

answer

Dream Analysis

question

Feelings of fear, apprehension, anxiety, and distorted behavior defines aNo ___________

answer

Anxiety Disorder

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