question

A criminologist uses guess work and supposition to study and analyze crime and criminals. False True

answer

False

question

What is the scientific study of crime called? criminology ethnography criminal justice semantics

answer

criminology

question

Standards of human behavior are known as norms. False True

answer

True

question

Which set of terms best describe folkways? established customs formal norms the study of crime standard behaviors

answer

established customs

question

What is one possible problem with the statistics in the NCVS? Not all law enforcement precincts participate in the data collection. It only takes into account white-collar crimes. Crimes are often over-reported. People may not accurately report the crime that they have experienced.

answer

People may not accurately report the crime that they have experienced.

question

One of the reasons that affect the accuracy of crime statistics, is the fact that many crimes are not reported to law enforcement. False True

answer

True

question

Mens rea literally means what? criminal act guilty mind deviant person blank slate

answer

guilty mind

question

Which of the following is the justification if you were being forced to commit a crime? duress ignorance accident self-defense

answer

duress

question

Many juveniles are not tried as an adult because they are presumed to be too young to fully understand the consequences of the criminal act. False True

answer

True

question

Crime statistics are more accurate because almost all crime is reported to law enforcement. True False

answer

False

question

The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) reports statistics on the following crimes. (Select all that apply) property crime violent crime disorderly conduct fraud

answer

property crime violent crime fraud

question

In the United States, the primary source of crime statistics comes from which of the following sources? Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) U.S. Crime Bureau National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) Criminal justice professionals

answer

Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)

question

In official statistics, crime is often __________. under-reported accurate exact over-reported

answer

under-reported

question

Which of these is (are) true about criminology surveys? (Select all that apply) a. They can be mailed to the respondents. b. They can only be done at scene of crime. c. They can be given through face to face interviews. d. They can be given over the phone.

answer

They can be mailed to the respondents. They can be given through face to face interviews. They can be given over the phone.

question

Different aspects of crime can focus on which of the following? (Select all that apply) criminal psychology criminal laws criminal behavior criminal expectations

answer

criminal psychology criminal laws criminal behavior

question

Surveys are also used to get "self-report" data, regarding any possible crimes the respondents may have committed personally. False True

answer

True

question

The actual criminal act that the person is accused of is known as __________. self-defense deviance mens rea actus reus

answer

actus reus

question

Which of the following are ways researchers commonly study criminology. (Select all that apply) Interview both victims and criminals Ride along with law enforcement officers Conduct experiments Observe certain groups, such as gangs

answer

Interview both victims and criminals Ride along with law enforcement officers Observe certain groups, such as gangs

question

Before an illicit act is considered a crime, there has to be an established mores against it. False True

answer

False

question

Laws are formal norms that have been written down and have consequences for breaking them. False True

answer

True

question

Crime is a straightforward, easy topic to research and study. False True

answer

False

question

Human actions that violate the formalized laws of a country, state, or local area, like a city or township, is referred to as __________. norms crime social polices laws

answer

crime

question

One of the most common research methods in criminology is which of the following? ethnography experiments surveys participant observation

answer

surveys

question

In order for a person to claim duress, they have to show that they were in fear for their safety or life. False True

answer

True

question

When societies decide which behaviors should be illegal and which ones should not, these decisions may be biased based on what element? power law enforcement politics criminal law

answer

politics

question

Experiments are most common in which discipline? Criminal Justice Sociology Criminology Psychology

answer

Psychology

question

One of the best ways researchers can get the data they need is to ride around with police and observe how they interact with victims. False True

answer

True

question

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) collects specific data on all the following except __________. homicide crimes victim information where crime happened the time of day the crime took place

answer

homicide crimes

question

Which of these is the job title of someone who collects and examines evidence in actual crimes? criminologist criminal criminal justice professional criminalist

answer

criminalist

question

Deviance is simply any act that violates what? regulations society's norms politics social polices

answer

society's norms

question

1. The labeling theory is one example of a(n) __________ approach to crime. psychological interactionist transformative criminal

answer

interactionist

question

2. The 'pleasure seeking' gene has been found to control __________ levels in the brain. dopamine testosterone transmitter serotonin

answer

dopamine

question

3. The initial acts of deviance that a person might commit are known as __________. catalyst deviance beginning deviance first deviance primary deviance

answer

first deviance

question

4. According to Stark, which area would be most likely to have a high crime rate? A very hot and humid environment A rural area with few police A rich, low population neighborhood A dense, mixed-use neighborhood

answer

A dense, mixed-use neighborhood

question

5. Somatotyping uses __________ to explain criminal tendencies. hormones personality weather body type

answer

body type

question

6. Ectomorphs are individuals who are thin and frail. True False

answer

True

question

7. Conflict theorists argue that those who are __________ use the law in order to reinforce their place in society. poor disenfranchised outsiders powerful

answer

powerful

question

8. Franz Joseph Gull suggested that a person's heart could predict their criminal tendencies. True False

answer

False

question

9. Insanity is a medical diagnosis, rather than a legal term. False True

answer

False

question

10. The DRD2 A1 allele, or pleasure-seeking gene, may be related to crime in what way? a. Those with a defective pleasure-seeking gene may be less afraid of deterrents like fines or jail time. b. Those with a defective pleasure-seeking gene may get angrier or more agressive more easily. c. Those with a defective pleasure-seeking gene may find it more enjoyable to hurt other people. d. Those with a defective pleasure-seeking gene may turn to drugs to compensate.

answer

d. Those with a defective pleasure-seeking gene may turn to drugs to compensate.

question

11. Which theory argues that the way society is organized or structured produces deviance and crime, even among "normal" people? labeling theory conflict theories differential opportunity theory strain theory

answer

strain theory

question

12. Which theory says that people have differing amounts of access to illegitimate means of reaching society's goals? social learning theory conflict theory labeling theory differential opportunity theory

answer

differential opportunity theory

question

13. According to self-control theory, how does an individual's self-control develop? Everyone has the same level of self-control. Individuals are born with their level of self-control. Self-control changes from day to day. Self-control develops during childhood.

answer

Self-control develops during childhood.

question

14. William H. Sheldon argued that which body type was most likely to commit crimes? endomorphs ectomorphs mesomorphs dynamorphs

answer

mesomorphs

question

15. The hormone testosterone has been linked to aggression. True False

answer

True

question

16. Labeling theory suggests that only the positive labels given to individuals by society may become a "self-fulfilling prophecy." True False

answer

True

question

17. Psychological profiling is also known as criminal profiling. False True

answer

True

question

18. Who argued that individuals learn aggressive behavior by imitating and learning from others? Albert Bandura Emile Durkheim Travis Hirschi Daniel M'Naughten

answer

Albert Bandura

question

19. Based on the labeling theory, ritualism means that people continue to accept the societal goal but abandon the socially accepted means to achieve that goal. False True

answer

False

question

20. For criminologists, social structure includes only the physical features and landscape of a place. False True

answer

False

question

21. Secondary deviance is continued deviance. False True

answer

True

question

22. Theory of deviant places focuses on the idea that it is the type of place that makes a difference in crime. True False

answer

True

question

23. Mesomorphs have which of the following body types? overweight thin and frail average muscular and athletic

answer

muscular and athletic

question

24. Who suggested that a person's physical characteristics could predict whether they were criminal or not? Daniel M'Naughten Hans J. Eysenck Emile Durkheim Cesare Lombroso

answer

Cesare Lombroso

question

25. Phrenology suggested that by seeing or feeling a person's skull, we could have insight into their personality and which characteristics were over or under developed. True False

answer

True

question

26. Which of the following describes both the physical structure of society and the organization of society (such as the distribution of resources like wealth and power)? social media social structure social conditions social norms

answer

Social structure

question

27. Who argued in the 1960s that society creates deviance and deviant individuals by responding in particular ways to behaviors and actions? Richard Cloward Karl Marx Emile Durkheim Howard Becker

answer

Howard Becker

question

28. Criminologists believe that the social environment has a direct effect on crime. True False

answer

True

question

29. Who proposed 30 different suggestions for why crime remained high in some areas even when there was high population turn-over? Emile Durkheim Fredrick Ohlin Karl Marx Rodney Stark

answer

Rodney Stark

question

30. Someone suffering from delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized thinking may be experiencing __________. psychosis mental break depression social dysfunction

answer

psychosis

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