Environmental Health Ch 1- Quiz ?s – Flashcards
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The Texas Sharpshooter Effect illustrates
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One cause of spurious or chance clustering
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The risk of acquiring a given disease during a time period is best determined by
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The incidence rate for that disease in a given period of time
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The definition: An investigation involving intentional change in some aspect of the status of the subject, e.g. introduction of a preventative or therapeutic regimen, or an intervention designed to test a hypothesized relationship- describes a type of study under which study design
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Environmental intervention studies
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Descriptive epidemiology involves examining etiological hypothesis dealing with the association between exposures and health conditions
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False
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Sir Percival Post was the anesthesiologist who liked a cholera outbreak due to contaminated water
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False
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Which of the following observational designs is used for hypothesis testing?
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Cross-sectional studies
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Environmental health science is concerned with agent, host, and environmental factors in disease. What statement is true about the triangle?
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All: Agent facts can include particles, toxic chemicals, and pesticides. The environment is the domain in which disease-causing agents may exist. The host is the person who affords lodgment of an infectious agent. Disease causality includes three major factors.. agent, host, environment
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What are two classes of epidemiological studies?
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Descriptive and Analytical
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All of the following are examples of agent (or disease) except:
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Humans
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descriptive epidemiology is focused on the occurrence of disease in a population according to classification by person, place, and time variables
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True
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Which of the following activities characterize the epidemiological approach (as opposed to the clinical approach) ?
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Study of cancer occurrence in populations
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A fundamental model of causality used in epidemiologic triangle. Which of the following are the three major factors of the epidemiological triangle?
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Agent, host, environment
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What type of study focuses on populations rather than individuals?
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Ecological
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Identify the historical figure who was among the first to expound the role of environmental factors in causing diseases
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Hippocrates
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John Snow, in Snow on Cholera
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Was an English anesthesiologist who used natural experiments
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The contributions of epidemiology to environmental health include
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Concerns with populations, use of observational data, methodology for study designs, descriptive and analytical studies
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In a case-control study, subjects who participate in the study are defined on the basis of the presence or absence of outcome of interest
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True
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Examples of purely observational epidemiologic studies do not usually include:
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Experimental data
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Sir Percival Post, who wrote Chirurgical Observations
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Was a London surgeon who identified an environmental cause of cancer
