question

American Nursing Association (ANA) 1965 position papers

answer

BSN minimum for professional practice and ADN for technical practice (LPN not recommended)

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What role does the National League of Nursing (NLN) play in nursing education?

answer

Accreditation - ensuring that educational guildelines are met and upheld

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Nurse Practice Act

answer

Usually is the most important law affecting nursing practice within state bounds Licensing law Defines the title and regulations governing the practice of nursing Assists the nurse in staying within the legal scope of nursing practice in each state. Defines the regulations for practical nursing and includes requirements for an approved school of nursing. Defines requirements for licensure and conditions for which a license may be revoked or suspended

question

What 3 functions does the State Board of Nursing (SBN) serve similar to traditional government structure?

answer

Responsible for enforcing the Nurse Practice Act Publish Rules and regulations that expand the law Set and enforce minimum criteria for nursing education programs - schools have to be approved Protect the public from dangerous nurses - **most commonly impaired nurses** They can CLARIFY, CANNOT change the law **Executive**: Administers nurse practice act **Legislative**: Adopts necessary rules to implement act **Judicial**: Authority to discipline a licensee Can approve or reject applications for new nursing education programs

question

OBN - Ohio Board of Nursing

answer

Set and enforce minimum criteria for nursing education programs Schools of nursing must have state approval to operate Have the power to discipline a licensee To protect the public from dangerous practice Most frequent reason for discipline is for practicing while impaired

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National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)

answer

Established in 1978 to develop the examination Primary function is to develop the NCLEX RN & PN licensing exams

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Scope of Nursing Practice

answer

Defines what a practicing nurse can or cannot do

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Nursing Social Policy Statement

answer

?

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Code of Ethics

answer

**Is an implied contract with society** A formal statement of the nursing's profession's code of ethics. The Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements (ANA, 2001) is the most recent revision.

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Malpractice

answer

Two requirements: Nurse (defendant) practices with specialized knowledge and skills Through this practice caused patient's (plaintiff's) injury.

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Patient Self-Determination Act

answer

Supports ethical principle of **autonomy** Uses Advance Directives

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Delegation

answer

**Defined as giving someone authority to act for another** Nurse's primary legal and ethical consideration is safe, effective care for patients Professional nurses retain accountability for acts delegated to another person; never be delegated. Most debated area of delegation involves medication administration by unlicensed assistive personnel

question

There are five rights to ensure safe delegation of tasks to unlicensed assistive personnel

answer

Right Task Right Circumstance Right Person Right Direction/Communication Right supervision/Evaluation

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Delegation to UAP (basics)

answer

Feed, unless there is paralysis Take vital signs, unless known to be unstable Do ROM Hygiene Measure urine output from catheter bag, collect urine specimen from bag Transport/ambulate, unless new ambulation Do I;O

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Delegation to LPN/LVN (basics)

answer

Give meds, including injections Collect data Dressing changes Catheter insertions Suctioning REINFORCE previous teaching, NO NEW TEACHING and NO Discharge instruction Can assist Physician LPN cannot insert IV (this requires special certification beyond basic licensure) or initiate any step in nursing process.

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Assault

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Defined as threat or attempt to make bodily contact with another without that person's consent Precedes battery

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Battery

answer

Defined as assault carried out Impermissible, unprivileged touching Actual harm may or may not occur as a result

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Negligence

answer

Defined as: Failure to act as a reasonably prudent person would act in the same circumstances Anyone can be found negligent **Occurs through commission or omission** Assumed the responsibility for the patient's care Found to have failed to meet the prevailing standard of care Harm to the patient must be shown to have been caused by the failure to meet the standard of care Injury is proven

question

6 major causes of negligence

answer

Failure to follow standards of care Failure to use equipment in a responsible manner Failure to communicate Failure to document Failure to assess and monitor Failure to act as a patient advocate

question

Informed Consent

answer

**Three major considerations** Voluntarily Capacity/competence to understand Enough information given **Role of the nurse** **Witness patient's signature** Determine three elements are present to patient's satisfaction Provide feedback to provider if patient requires further information or is unable to sign Make sure the consent form is signed and on the patient's chart prior to the procedure

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HIPAA

answer

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) First federal privacy standard governing protection of patients' medical records Comprehensive legislation providing major patient protections **Reinforces protection of electronically transmitted information** Requires all health care providers to ensure patients' privacy and confidentiality

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Values

answer

attitudes, ideals, belief system of individuals/groups that are used to guide behavior.

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Morals

answer

rules of conduct and standards of behavior: the identification between right and wrong. **Morals becomes an issue when the choice is no longer clear between right or wrong.**

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Justice

answer

This is defined as fair and equal treatment for all. *EX: equal treatment - despite affordability to pay - can't afford chemo - nurse's discharge - you advocate for them to be able to stay*

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Beneficence

answer

This relates to the quality of doing good and can be described as charity.

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Virtue Ethics

answer

Inborn tendencies that develop through training Emphasizes the character of the decision maker Character traits regarded as virtues: Honesty, courage, compassion, fairness, integrity, etc.

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Autonomy

answer

This refers to the client's right To make his own decisions. But the client must accept The consequences of those Decisions. The client must also respect the decisions of others.

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Fidelity

answer

This relates to loyalty and Faithfulness to the client and to one's duty.

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Nonmaleficence

answer

to do no harm

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Veracity

answer

This refers to being honest when dealing with a client.

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Utilitarianism

answer

Moral rightness is determined by the outcome of the action - weighs pros and cons - right or wrong is based off of what benefits society **Bring about the greatest good for the greatest number of people.** Examples: triage, Obamacare

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Deontology

answer

Moral if intent/motive good, regardless of outcome "Duty"- towards the good of society Act Deontology - gather facts Rule Deontology - principles guide actions - veracity, fidelity, etc. Example: good Samaritan law Ethical theory if moral originates from goodwill.

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Moral Distress

answer

Pain or anguish of a person who unwillingly participates in perceived moral wrongdoing.

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Moral Courage

answer

taking action to do what is right in spite of possible repercussions The phrase "moral courage" suggests there is danger or fear associated with taking a right action, because of the possible personal sacrifice.

question

Collegiality

answer

the promotion of a supportive and healthy work environment, cooperation, and recognition of interdependence among members of the nursing profession

question

Professionalism - Current barriers

answer

**Variability of educational background** Public perception "The nurse does what the doctor says" "The nurse helps the doctor" Historical issues Gender 1901 men banned from nursing in military Are gaining their historical position in the profession as nurses "Obedience" (1868 AMA/Hospital Admin promoted "training"....persisted through 1960's) Altruism (less expectation of monetary compensation) Power of other organizations (AMA, legislation)

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Occupation versus Profession

answer

**Occupation - what a person does to make a living or how one spends time.** Task-oriented Most of work is manual Trained on-the-job No specific value-system associated No specific career path Accountability lies with supervisor/ employer **Profession** Develops from an occupation that **specializes** in Service Knowledge Autonomy Professions develop a **collective identity** Formal education Evidence based practice Integrated value-system Legal protection **Duty to serve** **Preparation** College setting Prolonged education, specialized Orientation (socialization) to beliefs/values **Commitment** "Calling" Part of personal identity "I'm a nurse!" Transcends expectation of material reward

question

Which recommendation made by the 1965 American Nurses Association (ANA) position paper and other position papers of national nursing organizations is still an issue today?

answer

Minimum preparation for professional nursing practice should be the baccalaureate degree.

question

Formal and Informal Socialization

answer

Learning a new role is derived from a mixture of formal ; informal socialization. Through education ; the workplace. The process of a nursing student becoming a professional nurse. **Formal** - Classroom Lectures -Assignments -Laboratory experiences **Informal** -Hearing other people discussions -Unplanned observation of a person(s) -Participating in an professional organization

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Diversity

answer

Comes in many forms Transcultural communication

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Culture

answer

The lens through which all other aspects of life are viewed.

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Holistic Communication

answer

-The art of sharing emotional and factual information -Active listening and active attention -Avoidance of analyzing, judging, defensiveness, or problem solving

question

Collaboration

answer

A complex process that builds on communication Human Factors - Key components Organizational Factors Steps in the collaboration process Outcomes Evaluate Identify stakeholders Identify problem Identify barriers Clarify outcomes Clarify process Identify who is responsible

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Team Building

answer

An intentional process Sessions focused on identifying problematic feelings, mis-perceptions and correcting them **RESPECT** Supportive Clear/Concise speech Negotiate Flexible Open-minded Involve all team members Compassion **Patient Focus** Build team trust Goal is patient well-being Avoid Blame Supportive practice setting **Decisions** Confident Data collaboration Acknowledge disagreement Welcome healthy disagreement Question calmly

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Mentor

answer

Ask questions - **Benefits both mentor and mentee** Be specific about your needs Be vulnerable and teachable Take initiative in learning opportunities Be professional

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Reality Shock

answer

Realities of the "real world" Mentoring ; management issues Nursing shortages / retention Increased aging population Increased chronic illness/high acuity patients Complexity of health care systems Working conditions / relationships Time constraints

question

Zone of Helpfulness

answer

Continuum - Arrow Diagram Under involvement - far left Zone of Helpfulness - middle Over involvement - far right

question

Burnout/Compassion Fatigue

answer

Ethics code provision #5: "duty to self" Recognize symptoms of "burning out" Compassion fatigue Physical symptoms such as insomnia, diet, and weight changes Disengagement mentally ; emotionally Job hopping Prevention

question

Professional Boundaries

answer

The space between the nurse's power and client's vulnerability. Boundary violations occur when there is a "confusion between needs of the nurse and needs of the client"

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Care for the Caregiver

answer

Avoid isolation Establish positive relationships Share thoughts with others Solicit feedback / reality check with trusted colleagues Develop self-regulation Awareness of responses Be proactive in developing resilience Focus on self-care Don't try to do it all Healthy foods, exercise, adequate sleep Recharging of self (coping mechanisms) **Value contributions you DO make** Don't focus on what you are not accomplishing or areas where you feel you do not measure up

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Transformational Leadership

answer

Focus is for the manager and associates to unite to work towards shared goals All members to the team work together

question

Transactional Leadership

answer

The nurse manager only interacts with associates when something needs to be done or something is wrong

question

Dynamic Leadership

answer

Modeled after theorist Ida Jean Orlando Based on the theory that the relationship between the manager and the nurse is ever-changing Both parties are essential to the success of the unit The leader offers direction instead of controlling

question

Autocratic (Authoritarian)

answer

Based on the power of the position Autocratic: person is task oriented, makes decisions independently without input from the group, motivates with praise, blame and reward "You know where you stand" with this type of leader

question

Democratic Leader

answer

focused on individual characteristics and abilities, uses personal and positional power to achieve outcomes, uses group process to make decisions, more willing to share information, no secrets or information kept from the group, each person is an unique person Based on participation and greater equality

question

Laissez-Faire

answer

Least amount of leadership control Laissez-Faire: "let alone", leaves workers without direction, supervision or coordination in their projects, don't give praise, criticism, feedback or information Can be very frustrating with a high level of dissatisfaction Much chaos

question

Multicratic or Participative Leader

answer

compromise between autocratic and democratic leader Processes feedback from the group but makes all decisions. Handles emergencies well Have a free exchange of ideas

question

Bureaucratic

answer

Leader gives directions according to rules Rely on judgemental decisions from leaders More reliable and safe from employee and manger abuse because they manage by designed and maintained rules, policies, and procedures designed to ensure quality output with minimal error

question

Difference between Management and Leadership

answer

**Managers** Direct Give structure/provide resources Pursue stability Focus is doing things correctly Detail oriented Has subordinates **Leaders** Inspire Big picture/promote ideas Pursue innovations Focus is doing what is right Change motivated Have followers

question

Duty of Care

answer

An individual must exercise the care that would be exercised by a reasonable and prudent person under the same or similar circumstances to avoid or minimize the risks of harm to others.

question

Breach of Duty

answer

A standard of care that is expected in the specific situation but that the nurse did not observe; this is the failure to act as a reasonable, prudent nurse under the circumstances.

question

Specific Injury

answer

AN INJURY CAUSED BY ONE EVENT AT WORK

question

Proximate Cause

answer

Legal cause; exists when the connection between an act and an injury is strong enough to justify imposing liability.

question

Shared Governance

answer

Gives power, control of practice, authority to act, and influence to the professional. Four Principles of Shared Governance: **Partnership**—links healthcare providers and patients along all points in the system; a collaborative relationship among all stakeholders and nursing required for professional empowerment. **Equity**—the best method for integrating staff roles and relationships into structures and processes to achieve positive patient outcomes. **Accountability**—a willingness to invest in decision-making and express ownership in those decisions. **Ownership** - recognition and acceptance of the importance of everyone's work and of the fact that an organization's success is bound to how well individual staff members perform their jobs.

question

Mentorship

answer

Relationship with an experienced person, the mentor, who advises and helps a less experienced person, a protége. Mentors are role models

question

Provider of Care

answer

The provision of care to clients that combines both the art and the science of nursing in meeting physical, emotional, intellectual, sociocultural and spiritual needs

question

Patient advocate

answer

-protecting patient's human, legal, rights, including the patient understanding procedures before signing.

question

Managed Care

answer

A method of organizing care delivery that emphasizes cost-effective, quality care that focuses on decreased costs and improved outcomes for groups of clients.

question

Medicare/Medicaid

answer

Medicare Part A, B, C, D Federal government funded Medicaid (Title XIX of the Social Security Act) Federal and state government funded

question

Stages of Illness

answer

1. Disbelief and denial 2. Irritability and anger 3. Attempts to gain control 4. Depression and despair 5. Acceptance and participation

question

Traditional/Contemporary Sick Role

answer

The **traditional** sick Anglo-American Guidelines according to Talcott Parsons Includes behavior that is dependent, passive, and submissive Taught in medical and nursing schools for decades The current (**CONTEMPORARY**) sick Anglo-American Accept responsibility for own care Consumer oriented approach Wellness behavior

question

Influences/Factors Affecting Illness Response

answer

Personality before illness Suddenness of the illness Extent of the illness Duration of required lifestyle changes Individual and family resources for dealing with stress of illness Life-cycle of patient and family Previous experiences with illness or crisis Social support Spiritual values / beliefs

question

Hardiness

answer

A personality trait that enables people to perceive stressors as controllable challenges; made up of three personal qualities- control, commitment, and challenge

question

Resilience

answer

(an aspect of coping) a pattern of successful adaptation despite challenges or threatening circumstances

question

Capitation

answer

is a payment arrangement for health care service providers such as physicians or nurse practitioners. It pays a physician or group of physicians a set amount for each enrolled person assigned to them, per period of time, whether or not that person seeks care. These providers generally are contracted with a type of health maintenance organization(HMO)

question

Spirituality Effects in Healing

answer

inner strength related to belief in and sense of connection with a higher power

question

Leninger

answer

founder of transcultural nursing Definition: "A formal area of study and practice focused on comparative holistic culture care, health, and illness patterns of people with respect to differences and similarities in their cultural values, beliefs, and lifeway with the goal to provide culturally congruent, competent, and compassionate care

question

Transcultural Nursing

answer

The new patient-centered communication standards are designed to have a positive influence on patient-provider communication and on the quality of hospital care . They focus on all patients having their communication needs met. In particular, standards support communication for the most vulnerable patients: those who have no voice; have hearing, vision, or cognitive impairment; speak a language other than English; have limited literacy or knowledge about health care; or have sexual identity, cultural, or religious differences.

question

Florence Nightengale

answer

Mother of modern nursing, Improved conditions during the Crimean War. Believed the role of the nurse was to put the client's body in the best state to remain free of disease or to recover from disease. She wanted to facilitate the body's reparative processes by manipulating the client's environment., insisted upon strict sanitary conditions, saved lives during Crimean War, on the British side, helped make nursing a profession of trained middle class women. 1st nursing school

question

Ethnopharmacology

answer

the study of the effects of ethnicity on responses to prescribed medication,especially drug absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion.

question

Ethnocentrism

answer

A person who believes his or her beliefs and practices are best.

question

Components of Cultural Competence

answer

Defined by the U.S. Office of Minority Health as "services that are respectful of, and responsive to the health beliefs and practices, and cultural and linguistic needs of diverse patient populations "The shared values and beliefs in a culture enable its members to predict each other's actions and react to behaviors. -Ask older adults how he or she would like to be addressed. -Determine the patient's preferences for touch. -Determine the patient's preferences for silence. -Investigate the patient's belief about eye contact

question

Campinha-Bacote Model

answer

Exhibits nursing considerations that make up cultural desire: cultural awareness cultural knowledge cultural skill cultural encounters Cultural desire

question

Profit/Non-Profit

answer

**Profit** -Often referred to as the private sector -Have shareholders who invest money and expect a return on the investment. -Taxed by the government **Not-for-profit** -Often referred to as the public sector. -Receive tax exemptions based on its benefits to the community. -Federal, state, or local government agencies govern. -Operate according to mission statements that usually refer to community service.

question

Levels of Care

answer

Health Promotion and Maintenance Includes early detection Illness Prevention When risk factors are identified Diagnosis and Treatment Rehabilitation and Long Term Care

question

Voluntary Agency

answer

not for profit, non official health care agencies that complement official health agencies and meet the needs of persons with a specific disease

question

Private Agency

answer

owned and governed by an individual corporation or organization. Has a board of directors appointed by the owner. Supported by fees paid by the client or his/her insurance company. May or may not participate in medicare/medicaid

question

Primary Healthcare

answer

Defined as entry into healthcare system care that does not require hospitalization

question

Secondary Healthcare

answer

Defined as treatment and prevention of complications from disease, evaluation of chronic illness, other therapies

question

Tertiary Healthcare

answer

Defined as comprehensive and highly specialized care

question

Sub-acute Healthcare

answer

Defined as comprehensive, but less technical care of patient with complications for stabilization

question

Economic Influences on healthcare

answer

Rising Health Care Costs: Aging population An increase in the use of technology The rising cost of private health care insurance The rising cost of medical malpractice insurance

question

Cost containment (nomeclature)

answer

Governmental budget deficits have reached an all time high. The nursing profession stands to benefit Found to be cost effective and a high quality alternative to traditional medicine As a profession, nursing is expected to benefit from reform by expanding roles in prevention, community-based nursing, advanced practice nursing, etc. It is predicted that nurses will become increasingly active in the development of health policies that improve access, quality, and value in the delivery of health services.

question

Barriers to health care use

answer

Structural: shortage of providers and lack of facilities. Financial: insurance, jobs, obstacles. Personal/cultural: sexual orientation, language, education

question

Healthy People 2020

answer

Federal government program initiated in 1979 Healthy People provides science-based, 10-year national objectives for improving the health of all Americans. For 3 decades, Healthy People has established benchmarks and monitored progress over time in order to: -Encourage collaborations across communities and sectors. -Empower individuals toward making informed health decisions. -Measure the impact of prevention activities.

question

Health Promotion

answer

Activities aimed at improving health and preventing disease by enabling people to increase control over and improve their health

question

Different Nursing Roles

answer

Provider of Care (Direct care) Educator Counselor Manager Researcher Collaborator Patient Advocate **Ideal role image** society's expectations of what a nurse should be.includes obligations and responsibilities, rights,privileges. CLEAR image of what is expected.Often unrealistic. **Perceived role image** an individual's own definition of nurse's role. Often more realistic than the ideal role, but not berealistic, either. This is usually the role with which the nursing student usually graduates. **Performed role image** what the nurse actually does.

question

Workplace violence in Nursing

answer

Bullying - An isolated incident of the behavior described in this definition may be an affront to dignity at work but as a once off incident is not considered to be bullying. **Overt Bullying** -Name calling -Bickering -Fault finding -Criticism -Intimidation -Gossip -Shouting -Blaming -Put-downs -Raised eye brows **Covert Bullying** -Unfair assignments -Refusing to help someone - Ignoring -Making faces behind someone's back - Refusing to only work with certain people or not work with others -Whining -Sabotage -Exclusion -Fabrication

question

Critical Thinking

answer

A process by which the thinker improves the quality of her thinking by taking charge of the structures inherent in thinking and imposing intellectual standards upon them A critical thinker: -Raises questions/problems and formulates them clearly and precisely (INQUISITIVE) -Gathers and assesses relevant information (INTERPRETATION, ANALYSIS, TRUTH-SEEKING, EVALUATION) -Uses abstract ideas for interpretation (ANALYSIS) -Develops conclusions that are well-reasoned, testing against relevant standards (INTERPRETATION, INFERENCE, JUDICIOUS, SYSTEMATIC) -Is open-minded and recognizes alternative views (SELF-REGULATION, TRUTH-SEEKING, OPEN-MINDED) -Communicates effectively about solutions to complex problems (EXPLANATION, CONFIDENT in REASONING)

question

Successful interview techniques

answer

(1) Show up a little early (2) Show confidence (3) Keep a positive attitude (4) Maintain eye contact (5) Watch your body language A few additional interviewing tips: Don't chew gum or breath mints during your interview and don't speak in slang as it is unprofessional and rude. Relate your answers to the specific company or interviewer. This will show that you've done your research. Avoid complaining or bad mouthing previous employers or companies. Speak professionally. Don't ramble or use slang in your answers.

question

Nursing Care Delivery Models

answer

**Primary** -One nurse is responsible for total care of a number of clients 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. -Assesses & prioritizes each client's needs, identifies nursing diagnoses, develops a plan of care with the client, and evaluates the effectiveness of care. -Incorporates all aspects of the professional role, including teaching, advocacy, decision making, and continuity of care. **Case Management** -Assist clients through the complex healthcare system with the goal of increasing the quality of life in a cost-effective way. -Enable patient, their families, and their health care providers to be actively involved in providing for ongoing care needs. -Combine nursing clinical knowledge, communication skills, and nursing process skills to assist clients in a variety of clinical settings. -The case management nurse integrate a variety of disciplines and services in coordinating care throughout the client's duration of illness. **Functional Nursing** -Is generally no longer used in hospital settings; it may be seen in long-term care settings. One nurse (often an LPN/LVN) administers all the medications on a residential unit **Team Nursing** -Delivery of individualized nursing care to clients by a nursing team led by a professional nurse (RN), Consists of registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and, often, nursing assistants. Responsible for providing coordinated nursing care to a group of clients during an 8- or 12-hour shift.

question

Continuous quality Improvement (CQI)

answer

Monitor processes involved in the provision of safe, effective quality care for patients Focuses on excellence and employee involvement at all levels of an organization Delivery of excellent nursing care to patients

question

Importance of Evidence Based Practice

answer

-Produces better patient outcomes -Keeps us current with the latest research -Prevents us from using outdated information

question

Policy

answer

Involves principles that govern actions directed toward given ends (the means to an end) Policy statements set forth a plan Polices may result in laws, regulations, or guidelines that govern behavior in public or private arena's. Policy decisions reflect the values and beliefs of those making the decisions. Health policy refers to public or private rules, regulations, laws, or guidelines that relate to the pursuit of health and the delivery of health services.

question

Politics

answer

Defined as a process that requires influencing the allocation of scarce resources. Allocation assumes that there are not enough resources. Who gets what, is determined through the political process. Stakeholders and individuals are those with a vested interest and who try to influence those with the power to make the final decisions. Stakeholders are organizations, the community at large served by the organization, and other groups or individuals affected by those decisions

question

Difference between politics and policy

answer

Policies are the decisions Politics is what influences those decisions

question

Importance of politics and policy

answer

Deals with social welfare, governmental economic programs, international cooperation

question

Political Power

answer

Power in and of itself is latent (not consciously expressed) - it is force that is capable of being exerted.

question

Authority

answer

The ability or legitimacy to enforce power A person with authority has legitimacy to enforce law

question

Influence

answer

Form of power that is not legitimated through official channels. The action or process of producing effects on the actions, behavior and opinions of others

question

Professional Associations (types/purposes/benefits)

answer

Nursing organizations are often the catalyst for involvement in political action. **Broad-purpose professional associations** **Specialty practice associations** **Special interest associations** **Purpose:** Organizations define practice standards; take positions on practice issues, and develop ethical guidelines, practice guidelines and policies. Position statements serve to guide the organization's work in both the practice and the policy areas. **Benefits** of belonging to professional organizations: Development of leadership skills Certification and Continuing Education Political Activism Access to journals, newsletters, and action alerts about topics that need immediate response. Eligibility for group health and life insurance opportunities, discounts of products and services Networking with peers

question

Future Nursing challenges

answer

Societal challenges Nursing Practice challenges Nursing Education challenges Global health needs Disaster nursing

question

Health care disparities

answer

Differences in the quality of health care provided to different populations

question

Societal Challenges

answer

The six challenges expected to have a major impact on the future of the nursing profession: Demographics Environmental deterioration Large-scale public health disaster needs Unhealthy lifestyles with resulting rise in chronic illnesses Cost containment needs Governmental regulation of health care

question

Current healthcare priorities that are currently a focus in nursing education/clinical

answer

Diversity issues Critical thinking Collaboration Health promotion issues Informatics Health care costs Faculty shortage expected Fraudulent on-line programs Adequate and properly supervised clinical experiences Technology helps some: virtual simulations Students need to be educated consumers and consider specific options when evaluating programs.

question

What does it mean to be non-judgemental in professional nursing practice?

answer

Explore other cultures Value differences Provide education and support

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