Development of Modern Nursing – Flashcards
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Nursing
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to care for others, whether it be technical procedures or holding someone's hand
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Art of Nursing
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the skilled application of that knowledge to help others reach maximum health and quality of life
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Science of Nursing
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the knowledge base for the care that is given
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Profession of Nursing
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requires special knowledge, skill and preparation
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Florence Nightingale
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-Nursing as a respected occupation -Improved the quality of nursing care -Founded modern nursing education
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Nursing Shortage
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the largest group of healthcare professionals in the United States, by 2020 there will be a significant shortage of nurses
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Evidence Based Practice
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importance to using scientific evidence to develop guidelines on how to provide nursing care
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Community Nursing
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more care provided in community settings (clinics, outpatient settings, homes)
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Decreased length of hospital stay
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teach patients and families to provide their own care
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Aging population
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baby boomers are increasing in age (nurses need to learn to provide care and teach older adults)
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Increase in Chronic Health Conditions
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(heart disease, cancer, respiratory disease, AIDS) the number of people with chronic health conditions is increasing and the many of them will have more than one chronic disease
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Independent Nursing Practice
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there are more advanced practices nurses establishing their own practices (nurse practitioners and nurse-midwives) they are able to diagnose and treat illnesses, promote health, provide women care services and deliver babies
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Promote health
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health is the state of optimal functioning or well being (physical, mental and social) -every client no matter how ill they are has strengths (focus on strengths) -teach self care activities, provide information and referrals
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Prevent Illness
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reduce the risk for illness, provide good health habits and maintain optimal functioning -avoid or achieve early detection of illness and maintain function within the constraints of an illness -prevent illness by teaching and by personal example -education classes (smoking cessation programs, stress reduction seminars)
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Restoring health
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focus on those with an illness, early detection of a disease, rehabilitation, teaching during recovery (taking blood pressure, blood sugars)
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Facilitate coping with disabilities and death
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focus on optimal level of functioning through maximizing the person strengths and potentials (teaching, community support groups, hospice programs)
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Cognitive
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think about the nature of things -does this "make sense" -offers a scientific rationale for the client plan of care
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Technical
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use equipment skillfully to produce a desired outcome of result -manual dexterity, good eye-hand coordination
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interpersonal
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establish and maintain caring relationships
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Ethical/legal considerations
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conduct themselves with personal moral code and professional role responsibilities
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Caregiver
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primary role of the nurse
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Communicator
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interpersonal and therapeutic communication skills
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Teacher and Educator
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use of communication skills to assess, implement, evaluate, individualized teaching plans
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Counselor
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uses therapeutic communication skills to provide information, make appropriate referrals, facilitate the client's problem solving, and decision making skills, also help to identify and cope with stressful psychological and social problems
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Leader
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assertive, self confident practice of nursing
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Researcher
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participation in or conduction of research to increase knowledge and improve client care
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Advocate
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protection of human and legal rights
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Authoritative
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comes from an expert and is expected as the truth based on the person's experience; senior nurse teaches a new gradate nurse an easier way to preform a skill
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Evidence based practice
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nursing care that is supported by reliable research based evidence (specific interventions or guidelines)
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research based practice
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both research to improve care of patients, nursing profession (education, policies, ethics, nursing history)
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theory
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composed of a group of concepts that describe a pattern of reality, explains a process, an occurrence, or an event that is based on observed facts
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descriptive theory
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describe a phenomenon, situation or a relationship
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prescriptive theory
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address nursing interventions and consequences of those interventions (control, promote and change clinical nursing practice)
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Neuman
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nursing interventions are purposeful, using a total-person approach to client care to help individuals, families and groups attain and maintain wellness
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Purpose of Nursing
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-provide a knowledge base -organize concepts -provide guidelines for practice -identify nursing care goals
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general systems theory
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describes how to break whole things into parts and learn how the parts work together in systems (Ludwig von Bertalanffy)
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adaptation theory
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defines adaptation as the adjustment of living matter to other living things and to environmental conditions -internal -social -physical
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developmental theory
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outlines the process of growth and development through stages -humans are orderly and predictable, beginning with conception and ending with death -progress and behaviors of an individual within each stage is unique
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Eric Erikson
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theory based on psychosocial development, emphasizes how individuals learn to interact with the world -recognized the role of social, biologic and environmental factors in the development -eight stages of life
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Abraham Maslow
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theory of human needs (physical and psychosocial needs considered essential to human life rather then chronological age)
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Level 1
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most basic and most essential to life, highest priority -oxygen, water, food, temperature, elimination, physical activity and rest
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Level 2
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involve both physical and emotional components, physical safety and security means protected from harm (proper hand washing), emotional safety and security means trusting others, being free of fear, anxiety and apprehension
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Level 3
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understanding and acceptance of others in both giving and receiving love and belonging to family, friends, community
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Level 4
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need for people to feel good about themselves, feel pride and a sense of accomplishment
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Level 5
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highest level, the need for individuals to reach their full potential through development of their unique capabilities. EACH LOWER LEVEL MUST BE MET TO SOME DEGREE BEFORE THIS NEED CAN BE SATISFIED
