Carper’s Ways of Knowing – Flashcards
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Carper's theory aims to
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Formally express nursing knowledge Provide a professional and discipline identity Convey to others what nursing contributes to healthcare Create expert and effective nursing practice
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Carpers 4 ways of knowing
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Ethics Personal knowing Aesthetics Empirics
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Carper's 5th way of knowing
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Unknowing
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Empirical:
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Factual knowledge from science or other external sources, that can be empirically verified
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Personal:
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Knowledge and attitudes derived from personal self-awareness / understanding and empathy, including imagining one's self in the patient's position. .
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Ethical:
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Attitudes and knowledge derived from an ethical framework, including an awareness of moral questions and choices.
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Aesthetic:
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Awareness of the immediate situation, seated in immediate practical action; including awareness of the patient and their circumstances as uniquely individual, and of the combined wholeness of the situation.
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Unknowing
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Nurse admits lack of knowledge of client or understanding of client's subjective world
