Chapter 1 History and Career Opportunities – Flashcards

Cosmetology is defined as the _____ of beautifying and improving the skin, nails, and hair. a. aesthetics b. art and science c. standards and codes d. technology

Archaeological studies reveal that haircutting and hairstyling were practiced in some form as early as the _____. a. Ice Age b. Golden Age of Greece c. Renaissance d. Victorian Age

The term cosmetology comes from the _____ word kosmeticos, meaning skilled in the use of cosmetics. a. Egyptian b. East Indian c. Greek d. Russian

Ancient people around the world used animal hide _____. a. as colorants for hair and skin b. to tie hair back or for adornment c. as head dresses to indicate social rank d. as material for wigs

Studying the history of cosmetology can _____. a. help you to understand that ancient and modern techniques are unrelated b. expedite your educational path to becoming a professional c. narrow your chosen field of study to one or two options d. help you predict or understand current trends

Which civilization is most known for using a variety of hairstyles as symbols of tribal traditions to convey messages of age, marital status, power, and rank? a. Chinese b. African c. Egyptian d. Roman

Who were the first people to cultivate beauty with extravagant fashions and were the first to use cosmetics as part of their personal beautification habits? a. The Indians b. The Romans c. The Egyptians d. The Celtic

Ancient Egyptians were the first civilization to infuse essential oils from _____ for use as perfumes and for purification purposes. a. rocks and minerals b. animal remains c. leaves and blossoms d. clay and sand

Which queen erected a personal cosmetics factory next to the Dead Sea? a. Queen Nefertiti b. Queen Cleopatra c. Queen Elizabeth d. Queen Victoria

Which substance was created by ancient Egyptians from a mixture of ground galena (a black mineral), sulfur, and animal fat? a. Henna b. Lipstick c. Perfume d. Kohl

What were the royal colors of the Chou Dynasty (circa 1100 BC)? a. Gold and silver b. Blue and gold c. Red and gold d. Black and gold

What mineral, considered the chief source of mercury, was ground into a fine powder and used to make vermillion, a brilliant red pigment? a. Iron b. Cinnabar c. Silver d. Ruby

In ancient Rome, women used hair color to indicate their class in society. What color did poor women use to dye their hair? a. Black b. Red c. Brown d. Blond

The process of steam distillation was refined by Avicenna, a _____, around AD 1000. a. Greek philosopher b. Roman priest c. French mathematician d. Persian physician

What was the period in history during which Western civilization made the transition from medieval to modern history? a. The Middle Ages b. The Renaissance c. The Victorian Age d. The Industrial Age

During the Renaissance, the unusual practice of shaving the eyebrows and hairline was performed to show a greater expanse of forehead. A brow-less forehead was thought to give a woman a look of greater _____. a. fertility b. intelligence c. height d. wealth

During which austere and restrictive period in British history (1837-1901) did Queen Victoria reign? a. Middle Ages b. Renaissance c. Victorian Age d. Twentieth Century

Why did women pinch their cheeks and bite their lips during the Victorian Age? a. To punish themselves b. As a social custom c. To induce natural color d. As a nighttime ritual

Who were the biggest trendsetters in beauty applications in the early twentieth century? a. Motion picture producers b. Major business owners in the industry c. Inventors of new skin and hair products d. Celebrities and society figures

Which Polish immigrant Americanized his name in 1908 and moved to Los Angeles, where he began making and selling makeup? a. Max Factor b. Charles Nessler c. Avicenna d. Charles Revson

What wrapping technique was introduced when women cut their hair into the short-bobbed style after World War I? a. Spiral wrapping b. Curling iron c. Croquignole d. Permanent waving