Psy 383 Exam 2 – Flashcards
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Discrimination is a source of stress that may increase the risk for...
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Both A & B -Cardiovascular Disease and Mental Health Problems
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Which of these is NOT a stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome?
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Illness Stage
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Self‐report inventories of stress are useful to the extent that
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All of these- They are reliable, They predict future illness, They include the items that people actually find stressful
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One criticism of Selye's theory of stress is that it emphasizes the ______ factors but largely ignores the influence of _______ factors.
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...physical... psychological
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The Perceive Stage Scale (PSS)
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measures events in people's lives that they perceive as unpredictable and uncontrollable.
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In general, which type of coping strategy is related to good health?
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Problem-focused coping
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Individuals who liver closer to "green spaces" in cities report...
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lower stress
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Stress has been considered as
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All of these- a stimulus a response the interaction between stimulus and response
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Rosario participated in a program in which she wrote about a traumatic event in her life as a way to improve her distress about this event. Maxime participated in the same program, but in addition to writing about a traumatic event in her life, she received instructions to focus on finding something positive about this negative experience. Research indicates that
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Maxime will profit more than Rosario because focusing on something positive has additional benefits to emotional expression.
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The ....... suggests that social support lessens or eliminates the harmful effects of stress
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stress-buffering hypothesis
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People who experience a trauma, such as losing a loved one, but then can find positive aspects concerning their trauma, often experience better psychological adjustment. This type of coping is:
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Meaning-focused coping
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________ has been shown to be an effective intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder, chronic back pain, and chronic fatigue syndrome.
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Cognitive behavioral therapy
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People who own a _____ are 8 times more likely to be alive 1 year after their heart attack than those who do not own one.
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Dog
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Which of the following is NOT a common source of stress for women?
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Having a husband who supports her career goals
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Which of the following responses is NOT part of sympathetic activation?
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Increased digestive system activity
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The Alameda County Study was the first study to show a strong link between _______ and longevity
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Social support
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Phyllis is 65 years old, lives alone, and has no close friends or relatives. Her condition is best described as
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Social Isolation
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During periods of extreme stress, the _________ helps mobilize the body's resources for the "fight or flight" response.
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Sympathetic nervous system
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Which of the following has been used to measure stress?
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All of these- Blood pressure, daily hassles scales, self-reports
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Instruments that measure stress by quantifying physiological reactions are ordinarily
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Highly reliable
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Stress may contribute to diabetes through its possible effects on _______.
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Obesity
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________ children show the greatest asthma symptoms following an acute stress task
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Low socioeconomic status
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People with a negative outlook and a tendency to ruminate over problems
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Are at higher risk for depression than those with a more positive attitude
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Increasing the efficiency of the immune system would be a problem for whom?
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people who have received transplanted organs
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One route through which stress may affect the immune system is through
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Elevated cortisol levels
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Leukocytes are
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white blood cells
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With regard to stress and illness, which of these statements is true?
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Most people at risk from stressful experience will not develop a disease
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The main function of the immune system is to
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defend against foreign invaders.
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Stress probably plays some role in the development of
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Both type 1 & type 2 diabetes
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With regard to stress and disease,
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Stress can affect the development of disease directly through the immune system or indirectly through unhealthy behaviors
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Direct effects of stress on the immune system occur through ______, and indirect effects can occur through ______.
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connections between the immune and nervous systems . . . secretion of hormones
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What relationship is the basis of psychoneuroimmunology?
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Behavior affects the immune system, and immune system function affects health.
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Personality may also play a role in who develops a cold. In one study, people who were ______ developed fewer colds than others.
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Agreeable
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The discipline concerned specifically with the interactions among behavior, the endocrine system, the immune system, and the nervous system is
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psychoneuroimmunology.
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Substances that evoke the production of one or more antibodies are called _____.
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Antigens
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Allergic reactions are
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exam stress. caring for someone with Alzheimer's disease. relationship conflict.
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The commonality among all the systems, practices, and products that are considered alternative is
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They are not accepted by conventional medicine
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According to traditional Chinese medicine, a vital force called.... flows through the body in channels called...
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Qi... Meridians
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One of the goals of treatment in traditional Chinese medicine is to
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Bring yin and yang to balance
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Homeopathic remedies
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are monitored by the FDA
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Chiropractic was the subject of a bitter fight during the middle of the 20th Century. What group tried to keep chiropractors from practicing?
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The American Medical Association
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Naturopathic practitioners
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May use some drugs but emphasize a healthy lifestyle as the route to health
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What do all alternative medical systems have in common? The systems
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Are holistic, considering psychological factors as well as physical factors in health
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Which alternative treatment is most likely to be covered by insurance plans in the US?
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Chiropractic
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Which of the following manipulative techniques originated in traditional Chinese medicine?
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Acupressure and tui na
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Research on the power of prayer to improve health indicates that
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People who are the objects of prayers experience health improvements when they know about the prayers but now when they do not
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The meditation technique that involves sitting relaxed with eyes closed, focused on breathing, and repeating a single word or sound is called
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Transcendetal meditation
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Snyder is in therapy with a health psychologist for relief from panic attacks. The psychologist uses a technique in which Snyder is asked to imagine a peaceful pastoral scene and then concentrate on that scene during any anxiety-provoking situation. From this descripton, it appears that Snyder's psychologist is using
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Guided Imagery
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Research on the medical benefits of qi gong indicates that
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Qi gong training produces beneficial changes in the immune system
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Health psychologists have most effectively used hypnotic treatment to help people
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Control pain
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In the US, who is most likely to use CAM?
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A well-educated European American woman
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Critics of CAM aruge that few double-blind, placebo controlled trials have demonstrated effectiveness. CAM advocates argue that
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Many techniques used in conventional medicine have not been evaluated by this method either
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As a treatment for pain, acupuncture
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Produces biochemical changes in the brain consistent with pain relief
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Biofeedback
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Is not more effective than relaxation techniques for controlling pain
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Hypnosis is more effective in controlling ___ pain than ___ pain.
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Acute...chronic
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Dangers related to CAM usage
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BOTH Arise most often from the use of homeopathic remedies May occur from infection at the site of needle placement from acupuncture
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People may be limited in their access to CAM through
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The costs of the treatments, which are often not covered by insurance
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Norman Cousins, whose profile began Chpt. 8, envisioned the practice of medicine that most closely corresponds to
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Integrative medicine
