Veterinary Anesthesia, Analgesia and Anesthetic Nursing(chapter 14 Medical TERMS) – Flashcards
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Analgesia
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a lessening of pain without loss of consciousness
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Anamnesis
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Information gained from the patient and others regarding the patient's medical history.
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Anesthesia
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Loss of feeling or awareness
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Bain Coaxial Circuit
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A type of non-rebreathing circuit also referred to as the modified Mapleson D system in which the tube supplying fresh air is surrounded by teh larger, corrugated tubing that conducts gas away from the patient.
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Balanced Anesthesia
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refers to the use of multiple agents given to achieve the desired effect
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Barotrauma
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Respiratory system injury following excessive circuit pressure changes. May also refer to injury to the eustacian tube, ear drum and stomach.
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Breathing Circuit
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That part of the anesthetic machine in which the flow of gases is directed through two unidirectional valves, one an inspriatory and one an expiratory tube. The rebreathing bag and canister of soda lime for CO2 absorption are located between the two tubes.
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Central Venous Pressure
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CVP, pressure w/i the superior vena cava, reflects the pressure under which the blood is returned to the right atrium
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End Tidal
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Occurs at the end of expiration when CO2 levels of the expired gas are approximately equal to aveolar and arterial CO2.
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Esophageal Stethoscope
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Thin flexible tube attached to stethoscope head. Allows auscultation of heart while animal is draped for surgery. Tuge inserted in oral cavity into esophagus at base of heart.
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Flow Meter
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a device used to control the rate of oxygen being delivered in liters per minute
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General Anesthesia
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A drug-induced state in which the CNS nerve impulses are altered to reduce pain and other sensations throughout the entire body. It normally involves complete loss of consciousness and depression of normal respiratory drive.
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Hypercarbemia
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Abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the blood.
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Hyercarbia
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Abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the blood.
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Hypoxemia
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An abnormal deficiency in the concentration of oxygen in arterial blood
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Laryngoscope
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An instrument equipped with a light source to aid in the placement of an endotracheal tube
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Multimodal Therapy
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The use of several analgesic drugs drugs, each with a different mechanism of action resulting in lower dosages and thus increasing safety for the animal.
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Narcosis
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Unconscious state due to narcotics
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Nociception
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Processing of pain signals in the brain that gives rise to the feeling of pain.
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Non-rebreathing System
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No mixing of inhaled and exhaled gases and no rebreathing of expired gases
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Norman Mask Elbow
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A non-rebreathing circuit that is almost identical to a Jackson-Rees except that the endotracheal tube connector is at right angles to the breathing tube. This is considered a Mapleson F system. This circuit may slightly reduce mechanical dead space as compared with an Ayre's T piece or Jackson-Rees.
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Pain
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-unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated w/ actual or potential tissue damag
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Preemptive Analgesia
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the administration of analgesics prior to an invasive or operative procedure in order to treat pain before it occurs
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Pressure Manometer
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the gauge on top of the CO2 canister that measures the pressure in the breathing system, reflecting the pressure in the airway of the patient.
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Pulse Deficit
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Difference between the apical and radial pulse rates ( occurs with some heart conditions; caused when heart is to weak and doesn't pump enough blood to produce a pulse or when the heart beats to fast and there isn't enough time for the heart to fill with blood)
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Pulse Oximeter
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External monitor that measures the oxygen saturation level in the blood
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Pulse Pressure
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Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
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Pulse Quality
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the rhythm (regular or irregular) and force (strong or weak) of the pulse
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Rebreathing system
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breathing circuit where exhaled gasses re-circulated to patient following removal of CO2
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Reservoir Bag
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A rebreathing bag that provides a gas volume sufficient for the patient to inhale maximally without creating negative pressure in the circuit.
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Respiration
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Defined as: The diffusion of gas across the alveolar capillary membrane
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Scavenging System
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active system where the gas is actually removed from the room by using a fan or a vacuum tube system or can also be through a more passive method where it is absorbed into an absorption canister
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Sedation
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A mild to profound degree if CNS depression in which the patient is drowsy but may be aroused by painful stimuli.
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Tachycardia
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Abnormally rapid heartbeat
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Therapeutic Index
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THE RATIO OF A DRUG'S LD50 TO ITS ED50
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Tidal Volume
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Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a normal breath
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Transduction
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Part of the nociception and pain pathway. The signal begins with tissue trauma where the nociceptors are stimulated and is converted into electrical impulses once the threshold is exceeded.
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Transmission
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Part of the nociception and pain pathway in which noxious stimulus exceed nociceptors threshold and travel along peripheral nerves to the spinal chord (dorsal horn) and the brain (thalamus).
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Vaporizer
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A component of the anesthetic machine that produces a controlled and predictable concentration of anesthetic vapor in the carrier gas by delivering a diluted anesthetic to the patient.
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Vasoconstriction
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A decrease in the diameter of blood vessels caused by contraction of smooth muscles in the vessel walls.
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Ventilation
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Measured as the frequency of the breathing multiplied by the volume of each breath. It maintains normal concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveolar gas and though the process of diffusion, also maintains normal partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood flowing from the capillaries.
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Ataxia
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Lack of muscle coordination
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Abduct
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To draw away from the median plane
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Alopecia
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Absence of hair from skin in areas in which it is normally present
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Anuria
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Complete suppression of urinary secretion from the kidneys
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Aseptic
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To do something in a sterile manner
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Aspirate
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To apply suction and withdraw fluid
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Auscultate
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To listen to thoracic and abdominal sounds
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Capillary Refill Time
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After applying pressure to the gum line to blanch the tissue, it is the time it takes for color to return to the area, normally 1-2 seconds.
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Cautery unit
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Used in surgery to burn tissue with an electrical current.
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Cerumen
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Ear wax
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Colloid
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An intravenous solution containing starch or protein molecules.
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Debridement
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Removal of necrotic or devitalized tissue
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Distention
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Abnormal swelling or size
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Epithelialization
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Growth of epithelium to heal a wound
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Erythema
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Redness of skin
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Exudate
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Fluid contaning protein and cells that is excreted from the body on tissue surfaces.
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Granulation
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Formation of small masses of tissue during the healing process of wounds
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Hemorrhagic shock
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Hypovolemic shock resulting from hemorrhage
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Hypotensive
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Abnormally low blood pressure
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Hypovolemic
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Abnormally decreased volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in the body
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Hypovolemic shock
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Shock resulting from insufficient blood volume for the maintenance of adequate cardiac output, blood pressure and tissue perfusion
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Intradermal
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In the dermis layer of the skin
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Intraperitoneal
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Within the peritoneal cavity
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Palpation
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Process of lightly pressing on the surface of the body to determine consistency of the parts beneath.
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Pruritus
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Itching
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Sinus arrhythmia
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Variation in the heart rate that is normal in the dog
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Urticaria
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Vascular reaction, usually transient, involving the upper dermis and representing localized edema caused by dilatation and increase permeability of the capillaries; marked by the development of wheals.
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Perception
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Processing and recognition of pain in the brain
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Modulation
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Amplification or suppression of pain impulses by neurons in the spinal cord
