question

1. The graph below shows the activity of an enzyme called glucosidase. mc001-1.jpg

answer

Glucosidase functions best around 70°C.

question

Proteins are long molecules that are built from various combinations of —

answer

amino acids

question

Complex carbohydrates, such as starch, are examples of polymers. Which scientific explanation below best describes a polymer?

answer

Polymers are made of many small molecules that are similar or different.

question

The primary function of DNA is to —

answer

store information for building proteins

question

The cell theory states that the cell is the most basic unit of life, all organisms are made of cells, and all cells come from cells. What makes the cell theory a scientific theory?

answer

It is based on the work of many scientists and leads to accurate predictions.

question

A student observes four cells with a compound microscope and records her observations in the table shown. mc006-1.jpg Based on these data, how should the cells be classified?

answer

Cell 3 is a prokaryotic cell, and Cells 1, 2, and 4 are eukaryotic cells.

question

As the concentration of molecules outside a cell increases, more molecules will enter the cell because —

answer

the molecules are moving down their concentration gradient

question

The diagram below shows how glucose molecules move down a concentration gradient to enter a cell with the help of transport proteins. mc008-1.jpg What type of transport is shown in the diagram?

answer

facilitated diffusion

question

A group of students wants to find out how much carbon dioxide is used by plants during the daytime. What control could be used in this experiment?

answer

the amount of carbon dioxide used at night

question

The concept map below shows some of the carbon-based molecules in cells. Some of these molecules can be broken down to produce usable chemical energy. mc010-1.jpg Which of the following terms best completes this concept map?

answer

ATP

question

Photosynthesis is a part of various cycles that help to move oxygen and carbon through the environment. What form of abiotic carbon do plants remove from the environment?

answer

carbon dioxide

question

Which of the following best represent the final products of the chemical reactions that take place inside the organelle labeled A in the diagram below? mc012-1.jpg

answer

sugars, oxygen

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Which process is represented by the following chemical equation? mc013-1.jpg

answer

photosynthesis

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Scientists researching anticancer drugs treat a cell culture with a compound. Following treatment, they notice that the culture stopped growing. Untreated cells from the same culture, however, have continued to grow. These results indicate that the compound blocks the normal cell cycle. What else could have caused these results?

answer

The compound killed the treated cells.

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In the diagram below, cell A is undergoing mitosis. mc015-1.jpg IIf cell A has 6 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will cells B and C have?

answer

6 each

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The figure below represents some levels of organization in multicellular organisms. mc016-1.jpg Which term fits in the box marked "X"?

answer

organs

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Before a cell can proceed to mitosis from the gap 2 stage of the cell cycle, it must

answer

pass a critical checkpoint.

question

During interphase a cell grows, duplicates organelles, and

answer

copies DNA.

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During which of the following stages shown in Figure 5.1 does the cytoplasm of a cell divide? mc019-1.jpg

answer

mitosis

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Proteins from outside a cell that stimulate it to divide are called

answer

growth factors.

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Which statement describes the chromosome shown in Figure 5.2? mc021-1.jpg

answer

It is made up of two chromatids

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In a single-celled organism, mitosis is used for

answer

reproduction.

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One difference between a cancer cell and a normal cell is that

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cancer cells divide uncontrollably.

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Which statement about the process of binary fission is true?

answer

It does not take place in multicellular organisms.

question

Cells in a developing embryo differentiate based on

answer

their location in the embryo.

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Which organism is capable of reproduction through asexual mitosis?

answer

sea star (starfish)

question

What does a cell make during the synthesis stage of the cell cycle?

answer

a copy of DNA

question

Before a cell can move from the G or G stage to the next stage of the cell cycle, it must grow and

answer

pass a critical checkpoint.

question

The gap 1, gap 2, and synthesis stages of the cell cycle make up

answer

interphase.

question

Molecules that control the stages of the cell cycle in all eukaryotes are similar. This fact suggests that

answer

eukaryotes share a common ancestry.

question

During which of the following stages shown in Figure 5.1 does cytokinesis take place? mc031-1.jpg

answer

mitosis

question

A hormone present in the blood can stimulate the growth of certain cells. The hormone is acting as a(n)

answer

external factor.

question

Which statement is true of the chromosome shown in Figure 5.2?

answer

Its left and right halves carry identical genetic information.

question

Multicellular organisms use mitosis for growth, development, and

answer

repair.

question

If a tumor is malignant, then cancer cells from the tumor

answer

can form more tumors.

question

One difference between a cancer cell and a normal cell is that

answer

cancer cells can divide in the absence of growth factors.

question

Offspring that are genetically unique are the result of

answer

sexual reproduction.

question

Which of the following reproduce asexually through mitosis?

answer

some multicellular and unicellular eukaryotes

question

A kidney cell is an example of which type of cell?

answer

somatic cell

question

How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?

answer

23

question

Which of the following best describes the genetic material a person receives from his or her father?

answer

22 autosomes and an X or Y chromosome

question

Which phrase best describes the process of meiosis?

answer

produces haploid gametes

question

At fertilization, what happens to the sex cells?

answer

Their nuclei fuse to form one nucleus.

question

Which of the following statements is true of homologous chromosomes?

answer

They contain the same genes.

question

Which phrase best describes meiosis I?

answer

division of homologous chromosomes

question

What happens to sister chromatids in meiosis II?

answer

They are divided.

question

Gametogenesis is the term for

answer

the production of gametes.

question

What does an egg contribute to the embryo that a sperm does not contribute?

answer

organelles

question

Researchers crossed two types of mice together, type A and type B. In the resulting offspring, half of the DNA for specifying traits comes from type A and half comes from type B. Why?

answer

Each parent contributes one set of chromosomes to each offspring.

question

Unlike cells that divide by mitosis, the gametes formed during meiosis undergo two cell divisions. What is the significance of this second cell division to sexual reproduction?

answer

It reduces the number of chromosomes in each resulting gamete by half.

question

A mutation occurs in a gene on chromosome 3, which is shown below. mc051-1.jpg This mutation could be passed along to offspring if it occurs —

answer

in a sex cell that undergoes fertilization

question

If the process of meiosis shown below proceeds normally, how many chromosomes will cells A, B, C, and D have? mc052-1.jpg

answer

2 each

question

Two similar chromosomes that you inherit from your parents (one from your mother, one from your father) are called

answer

homologous chromosomes.

question

Meiosis produces cells with how many chromosomes?

answer

23

question

Which of the following cell types is diploid?

answer

somatic cell

question

Which event takes place during anaphase II of meiosis II?

answer

Sister chromatids separate.

question

Which of the following phrases best describes the function of meiosis?

answer

reduces chromosome number by half, produces gametes

question

Which of the following cell types is haploid?

answer

sperm cell

question

The fusion of haploid gametes is called

answer

fertilization.

question

Which of the following cell types could have 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome?

answer

sperm

question

Crossing over is an important factor in increasing the

answer

genetic diversity by making new allele combinations.

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