Cancer Cells Quizlet – Flashcards
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Apoptosis
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The changes that occur within a cell as it undergoes programmed cell death, which is brought about by signals that trigger the activation of a cascade of suicide proteins in the cell destined to die.
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Cancer
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A malignant tumor of potentially unlimited growth that expands locally and systemically.
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Cell Cycle
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An ordered sequence of events in the life of a eukaryotic cell, from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two.
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Oncogenes
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A gene having the potential to cause a normal cell to become cancerous.
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Proto-oncogene
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A normal cellular gene corresponding to an oncogene; a gene with a potential to cause cancer but that requires some alteration to become an oncogene.
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Tumor Suppressor Gene
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A gene whose protein products inhibit cell division, thereby preventing uncontrolled cell growth (cancer).
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Blood vessels
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structures in which cancer cells get carried around the body and form a new tumor
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Cell division
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division of a cell into two daughter cells with the same genetic material
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Metastasis
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the spread of cancer to new areas of the body often by way of the lymph system or bloodstream
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Hyperplasia
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Cell structure is generally normal but some alterations have occurred. More cells than normal are present
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Mild Dysplasia
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Slight loss of organization and cell strucutre
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Severe Dysplasia
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Uncontrolled growth of cells is evident and there is no uniform structure to the cells or their arrangement. Abnormal cells are in the original location
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Point mutation
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A single base mutation that can cause a proto-oncogene to become an oncogene
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Amplification
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The overexpression of a proto-oncogene gene resulting in the increased production of protein resulting in an oncogene
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Translocation
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Proto-oncogenes along with a promoter swap places on chromosomes resulting in the constant production of a protein that controls cell division
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p53
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A gene that is thought to play a role in regulating cell death or apoptosis, in suppressing tumors, in regulating the cell cycle, and in stopping the cell from dividing when the DNA is damaged.
