question

Which nonessential trace mineral has an unknown DRI and is believed to serve as a cofactor for certain enzymes? a. boron b. vanadium c. nickel d. cobalt e. tin

answer

nickel

question

About ________ of heme iron and ________ of nonheme iron is absorbed, depending on dietary factors and the body's iron stores. a. 25%; 17% b. 42%; 37% c. 17%; 25% d. 37%; 42% e. 33%; 25%

answer

25%; 17%

question

What process occurs in the first stage of iron deficiency? a. Serum ferritin increases. b. Erythrocyte protoporphyrin accumulates. c. Serum ferritin decreases. d. Transferrin saturation decreases. e. Erythrocyte protoporphyrin declines.

answer

C

question

Many of the symptoms associated with ________ deficiency are easily mistaken for behavioral or motivational problems. a. molybdenum b. copper c. zinc d. selenium e. iron

answer

E

question

Which food has the most iron per serving? a. parsley b. banana c. strawberries d. watermelon e. carrots

answer

A

question

________ deficiency is associated with severe growth retardation and immature sexual development. a. Chromium b. Molybdenum c. Copper d. Zinc e. Selenium

answer

D

question

With ________ deficiency, thyroid hormone production declines, and the body responds by secreting more TSH in a futile attempt to accelerate uptake by the thyroid gland. a. selenium b. chromium c. zinc d. iodine e. fluoride

answer

D

question

Deficiency of _____ predisposes people to Keshan disease, a heart disease probably caused by a virus or toxin. a. molybdenum b. chromium c. copper d. selenium e. zinc

answer

D

question

In Wilson's disease, ________ accumulates in the liver and brain and creates a life - threatening toxicity. a. selenium b. chromium c. fluoride d. zinc e. copper

answer

E

question

Grain products make the greatest contribution of ________ to the diet. a. zinc b. iron c. fluoride d. manganese e. molybdenum

answer

D

question

Because of a chemical similarity to iron, calcium, and zinc, what contaminant mineral displaces them from some metabolic sites they normally occupy so they are then unable to perform their roles. a. mercury b. antimony c. cadmium d. thallium e. lead

answer

E

question

Studies suggest that a diet rich in ________ may lower the risk of heart disease by decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress. a. anthocyanins b. phenolics c. ellagic acid d. carotenoids e. allyl sulfides

answer

D

question

Blue and purple foods - including blueberries, eggplant, and purple cabbage - are rich in ________ . a. lycopene b. limonene c. indoles d. allyl sulfides e. ellagic acid

answer

E

question

The UL for iron is ________ times the RDA for women. a. 51/2 b. 11/2 c. 31/2 d. 21/2 e. 41/2

answer

D

question

The UL for copper is ________ times greater than the RDA. a. 5 b. 13 c. 7 d. 9 e. 11

answer

E

question

Delirium, exhaustion, and collapse can result when ____ percent of body weight has been lost due to dehydration. a. 2 - 3 b. 7 - 10 c. 3 - 4 d. 4 - 6 e. 1 - 2

answer

B

question

Cells in the kidneys respond to low blood pressure by releasing an enzyme called ________ . a. angiotensin II b. ADH c. angiotensin I d. renin e. aldosterone

answer

D

question

Which electrolyte is a cation? a. sulfate b. bicarbonate c. phosphate d. chloride e. sodium

answer

E

question

The acidity of the body's fluids is determined by the concentration of ________ ions. a. sodium b. chloride c. hydrogen d. sulfate e. calcium

answer

C

question

Which food (or food group) contains phytates? a. beet greens b. rhubarb c. legumes d. sweet potatoes e. spinach

answer

C

question

As much as ________ of the sodium in people's diets comes from salt added to foods by manufacturers. a. 65% b. 70% c. 80% d. 75% e. 85%

answer

D

question

Which food offers the most potassium per serving? a. cheddar cheese b. eggs c. tuna d. ground beef e. acorn squash

answer

E

question

High blood calcium ________ . a. enhances calcium absorption in the intestines b. stimulates osteoclast cells to break down bone c. signals the parathyroid glands to secrete parathyroid hormone d. signals the thyroid gland to secrete calcitonin e. stimulates the activation of vitamin D

answer

D

question

Which food provides the most phosphorous per serving? a. tomato juice b. carrots c. sunflower seeds d. bananas e. watermelon

answer

C

question

Which food provides the most magnesium per serving? a. cheddar cheese b. canned tuna c. halibut d. eggs e. ground beef

answer

C

question

Which food offers the most calcium per serving? a. strawberries b. peanut butter c. pinto beans d. tofu e. watermelon

answer

D

question

Blood indicators of beneficial bone activity are apparent ________ weeks after a person quits smoking. a. two b. five c. three d. six e. four

answer

D

question

Women may lose up to ________ of their bone mass during the 6 to 8 years following menopause. a. 15% b. 10% c. 20% d. 5% e. 25%

answer

C

question

Cortical bone losses typically begin at about what age? a. 30 b. 35 c. 40 d. 45 e. 50

answer

C

question

Unless the label states otherwise, supplements of calcium carbonate are ________ calcium. a. 20% b. 40% c. 50% d. 60% e. 30%

answer

B

question

Special proteins that direct immune and inflammatory responses are known as ________ . a. cytokines b. lymphocytes c. phagocytes d. antigens e. neutrophils

answer

A

question

Which nutrient participates in the synthesis and function of the organs and cells of the immune system and antibody production? a. vitamin A b. omega - 3 fatty acids c. vitamin D d. zinc e. protein

answer

E

question

Which nutrient participates in the cell replication and specialization that supports immune - cell and antibody production and the anti - inflammatory response? a. vitamin D b. protein c. vitamin A d. omega - 3 fatty acids e. zinc

answer

C

question

Nutrition plays a role in ________ of the top ten causes of death in the United States. a. seven b. six c. three d. five e. four

answer

E

question

The protein released during the acute phase of infection or inflammation that enhances immunity by promoting phagocytosis and activating platelets is ________ . a. lipoprotein - associated phospholipase A(2) b. C - reactive protein c. LDL d. HDL e. soy protein

answer

B

question

An LDL level of _____ mg/dL is considered desirable. a. > 60 b. > 120 c. < 200 d. 240

answer

D

question

Metabolic syndrome includes which of the following signs and symptoms? a. waist circumference of greater than 35 for men and greater than 30 for women b. triglycerides > 100mg/dL c. fasting glucose > 90 mg/dL d. blood pressure > 120/80 mm Hg e. HDL < 40 mg/dL

answer

E

question

Performing aerobic physical activity for at least 40 minutes per day, most days of the week, is expected to result in a blood pressure reduction of ________ mm Hg. a. 15 to 20 b. 5 to 8 c. 12 to 15 d. 8 to 12 e. 2 to 5

answer

E

question

Type 1 diabetes is ________ . a. most commonly diagnosed after age 40 years b. associated with aging and obesity c. associated with insulin resistance d. an autoimmune disorder e. more common, accounting for about 90% of cases

answer

D

question

In type 2 diabetes, ________ . a. ketones are produced for energy b. weight loss occurs despite polyphagia c. some glucose enters the cells, but slowly d. no glucose enters the cells e. cells break down protein and fat

answer

C

question

Arsenic in drinking water raises the risk of ________ cancer. a. lung b. kidney c. liver d. postmenopausal breast e. colon and rectum

answer

A

question

The recommendation to keep total fat 20 to 35 percent of kcalories pertains to reduction in risk of ________ . a. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease b. cancer c. cardiovascular disease d. hypertension e. diabetes

answer

C

question

What herb may interact with warfarin and coumarin, prolonging bleeding time and increasing the risk of hemorrhage? a. karela b. black tea c. feverfew d. St. John's wort e. saw palmetto

answer

C

question

Which claim about herbal preparations has research support? a. Chaparral may clear up acne. b. Goldenseal may cure urinary tract infections. c. Garlic may lower blood cholesterol. d. Ginkgo may relieve vertigo. e. Turmeric may reduce inflammation.

answer

C

question

The use of large doses of vitamins to treat chronic disease is called ________ . a. homeopathy b. macrobiotics c. orthomolecular medicine d. chelation therapy e. naturopathic medicine

answer

C

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